consequentialism （结果主义）

The meaning and significance of Consequentialism： The simplest form of consequentialism is classical (or Hedonism) Utilitarianism, which advocates that the right or wrong of an action depends on whether the net effect of the action after the happiness of the action offsets the pain is the highest in general. Simply put, actions that cause happiness are right, and actions that cause pain are wrong, regardless of motivation. Other forms different from classical Utilitarianism, if not judged by the intrinsic value of things at all levels (i.e. G.E. Moore's ideal Utilitarianism, ethical Egoism), it is to see whether the results of various things are appropriate. Consequentialism is relative to absolutism. Absolutism (the representative character Kant) believes that morality has its absolute moral principles, that is, morality has certain norms and behavioral norms, and only needs to focus on the intention of actions, regardless of the outcome. Representative of Consequentialism: Bentham Representative work: "Introduction to Moral and Legislative Principles" Representative theory: Utilitarianism moral theory (The utility of any law should be measured by the degree to which it promotes the happiness, goodness and happiness of the relevant people.) 译： 结果论最简单的形式又即古典的(或是享乐主义的)功利主义，它主张一个行为的对错，要视就总体而言该行为的快乐抵消痛苦之后的净效应是否达到最高。简单地说，造成快乐的行为就是对的，造成痛苦的行为就是错的，而不管动机与否。其他不同于古典功利主义的形式，若非以各个等级事物的内在价值来判定(即G.E.穆尔的理想的功利主义、伦理的利己主义)，就是看各类事物的结果是否恰当合适。 结果主义相对于绝对主义。绝对主义(代表人物康德)认为道德有其绝对的道德原则，即道德有一定的准则和行为规范，只需注重动作的意图，而不管结果如何。 结果主义代表人物:边沁 代表著作:《道德与立法原则导论》 代表理论:功利主义道德理论(任何法律的功利，都应由其促进相关者的愉快、善与幸福的程度来衡量。)