七七 | 情态动词特殊用法

1️⃣will不简单

will：n. 意志；志愿；遗嘱

As the old saying goes, where there's a will, there's a way.

• 古话说，有志者事竟成。

l don't want to go against your will.

• 我不想违背您的意愿。

My father left me the house in his will.

• 我父亲在遗嘱中把这所房子遗赠给了找。

willing：adj. 乐意的，心甘情愿的

l am willing to give you a hand.

2️⃣will&would

意愿（willingness）：表达意愿、愿望、决心

l will try my best.：我会竭尽全力。

77 said she would try her best to help me.

You will help me, won't(=will not) you?你会帮诚的，对吧?

Whenever he is upset, he will listen to records alone in his room, for hours.：每当他心烦意乱的时候，他都会一个人在房间里听几个小时的唱片。

When l was young, I'd(=l would) listen to the radio waiting for my favorite songs.：当我年轻时，我喜欢听收音机，等待我最喜爱的歌

• would do：过去的习惯动作

l used to smoke but l gave up two years ago.：我以前抽烟，但2年前戒了。

• used to do：过去常常做某事，但现在不了

The door won't open.：门打不开

—Would you mind closing the window?

—Sorry, l tried, but it won't close.：窗关不上

（门、窗等）不能正常工作、不起作用，体现事物的属性（无需使用被动语态)

3️⃣情态动词表必要性

必要性（necessity）：应该、必须、需要

You must come to class on time.：你必须准时来上课。

You mustn't say things like that.：你千万别说那样的话。

We should learn from each other.：我们应该相互学习。

You ought to take good care of her.：你应该好好照顾她。

You needn't finish that work today.：你不必今天做完这项工作。

情态动词的否定：情态动词+not（实义动词need的否定用法: don’t need to do sth）

• —Mum, must l do my homework tonight?
• —Yes, you must.
• —No, you needn't. / No, you don't have to.

mustn't：禁止/不允许

4️⃣must&have to

My brother was ill, so l had to take care of him.：我兄弟主病了，所以戎得去照顾他。

因为外在、客观原因不得不做（且有三单、时态变化）

We must get together sometime.：我们一定要找个时间聚一下。

主观认为有责任、有必要做某事

5️⃣情态动词 各司其职

can/could表能力（ability）

l can speak English.

l could eat 10 hamburgers when l was young.

could表过去的能力，与“委婉”无关!

Fit people are better able to cope with stress.：健康的人较能应付压力。

At last he was able to finish the work ahead of time.：最终他可以提前完成工作了。

be able fo do sth.（经过一番努力）有能力做某事

can表惊讶、不相信

How can you be so smart!

can表常有行为、情形

used fo say what sb. / sth. is often like：有时会，时而可能

Beijing can be really cold in winter.

Wuhan can be really hot in summer.

Skiing gear（n. 用具）can be expensive.

can的迷思

表推测

can't不可能，疑问、否定形式表推测

—Can it be Jim?

—lt can't be Jim. l know him too well.：不可能是吉姆，找太了解他了。

表能力

l can run fast.：我能够跑得快。

通常是有能力做人们期望或愿意做的事情

表常有的行为和情形

有时会，时而可能

He can be really bad-tempered at times.：他有的时候脾气可真坏。

lt can be quite cold here in winter.：这里的冬天有时还真够冷的。

不期望或不愿意做的事情

may表祝愿

May you succeed!

May you have a happy New Year!

must表“非要，偏偏”

Must you play the piano in the midnight?

should表“竟然会”

lt's strange that he should be late.

l find it astonishing that he should be so rude to you.

shall

一、三疑（问句）征询意见

征询对方意见、为对方提供建议、帮助

Shall l open the door?

Shall he go now?

二、三陈（述句）允诺/警告/法律规章

①You shall get what you want if you behave well.

②He shall get fined（v.罚款）if he is caught by the police.

③Students shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.

shall ≈ will，shall / will do表将来

This time next week l shall/will be in Scotland.

We shan't(=shall not=will not) know the results until next week.

小结时间

说话人的目的&情奋动词的功能，比你的翻译更可靠