【整理】F1 2020年技术规则与2019年对比（2）
我天我今天真的是失去了部分动力o(╥﹏╥)o（具体原因可以看我动态。。）
不过这个系列还是要先做完的啊（笑），今天接着做昨天没做完的变速箱部分，还有后面的那几个东西
然后在这里前排推荐一个国内真正在F1做事儿的空动工程师：
李沁老师，90后，现在在HAAS做事，明年要跳槽到渣法了（？），有兴趣的可以和她私信交流，这位老师人还不错，虽然有时候说的话不能照单全收（当然是个人说的话就不能照单全收），但是作为科普也好想稍微深入了解也好，F1空动方面的硬知识科普都是很靠谱的（应该没问题，毕竟是专业人士，，当然我反正不是学这个的）
然后还是另外两期的联动
第一期：CV3420536
第三期：CV3449535
好了我们进入今天的正文（ps：还是先求一波三连）
首先还是第九章的变速箱部分：
9.2.5 末尾增补：When commanded by the driver, the amount of clutch engagement will be expressed in the FIA ECU as torque at the rear axle by applying a gain of 4500Nm / 90% to the clutch paddle position between 5% and 95%.
In that case the clutch torque controller implemented in the FIA ECU must be used. Except for the first 70ms following the initial step in clutch torque demand during a launch, the control error, calculated using the power unit output shaft torque sensor, must be contained in a band of +/-150Nm when converted at the rear axle.
译文：当驾驶员发出指令时，离合器接合量将在FIA ECU中表征为后桥上的扭矩，方法是在5%到95%之间的离合器片位置上施加4500Nm/90%的增益。（这句话的后面半句我不太懂啊。。所以硬翻译了）
在这种情况下，必须使用FIA ECU中集成的离合器扭矩控制器。除了在启动过程第一步之后的70ms内所需的扭矩之外，其余时刻扭矩在后轴处转换时，使用动力单元输出轴扭矩传感器计算的控制误差必须包含在+/-150Nm的范围内。
吐了个槽：9.2.6才算是阿尔法罗密欧在德国站搞的那个乱子（原文：When the clutch operating device is released from its maximum travel position it must return to its resting position within 50ms.），FIA官方放出来的成绩单下面给的批注的那个27.1确实有点感觉怪怪的
第十章：关于悬挂及转向系统
10.3.3 增加语句（红字部分）：No major axis of a cross section of a suspension member, taken normal to a straight line between the inner and outer attachment points, when assessed in accordance with Article 10.3.1, may subtend an angle greater than 10° to the reference plane with the car set to the nominal design ride height.
Furthermore, the angle between the normal to any point of the surface of a suspension member and a plane normal to the line joining the inner and outer attachments of that suspension member must not exceed 15deg. Legitimate exceptions to this constraint will be accepted close to the inner and outer attachment points, or close to the junction between suspension members that share an attachment
增加部分译文：此外，垂直于悬挂结构表面任何一点和垂直于连接该悬挂结构内部和外部部件的线的平面之间的角度不得超过15度。该条款的合法例外情况将在靠近内部和外部的位置被接受。附着点，或靠近共用附着物的悬挂构件之间的接合点
第十一章：关于刹车系统
11.4.1 关于前刹车导气管（增加及修改语句为红字部分）
For any part of the air duct which is in contact with the external air stream and between 120mm and 5mm inboard of a plane parallel with the inner face of the wheel rim, the following conditions must be satisfied:
c) Any intersection with a vertical lateral or horizontal plane must produce a single tangent-continuous curve. Furthermore, this tangent-continuous curve must be fully visible when viewed from the car centre plane.
d) The local radius of curvature must be greater than 20mm. In order to fulfil this criterion, it should be possible to apply a tangent sphere of radius 20mm to any point of these surfaces (and on both sides), without intersecting any other part of these surfaces.
e) Any intersection with a vertical longitudinal plane must produce a single closed section
译文：
c）与任一垂直横向或水平平面的任何交叉点必须产生一条单切线连续曲线。此外，从汽车中心平面观看时，该切线连续曲线必须完全可见。
d）局部曲率半径必须大于20mm。为了满足这一标准，应该可以在这些表面的任何点（以及两侧）上应用半径为20毫米的正切球，而不与这些表面的任何其他部分相交。
e）与一垂直纵向平面的任何交叉点必须形成一个闭合截面。
显然这一块的修改更多的是为了防止有人玩文字游戏，比如c)条里的a就是从the改来的，包括e)条里的那个说法也是一样，毕竟今年的技术规则中第一次有意识地区分了前后刹车的通风导管，而前刹车导管附近在今年也被限制了相应的空气动力套件的研发（尤其是各种形式的扰流板和风刀），但迈凯伦似乎还是找到了规则的空子，虽然不知道是不是违反了相应的规定或者走到了技术规范的灰色地带，但是无疑新规之下几乎就不可能找到这一块的空子了
11.4.2新增语句：
Once the geometry has been defined in accordance to Article 11.4.1, the following apertures may be added :
a) A single aperture may be applied to the part of the air duct which is in contact with the external air stream and between 120mm and 5mm inboard of a plane parallel with the inner face of the wheel rim. This aperture must be:
i) Fully visible from the front of the car and may not be taller than 180mm when measured normal to the reference plane.
ii) Constructed such that no point on its periphery is more than 50mm from any other such point when measured normal to plane A-A.
iii) Entirely forward of the front wheel centre line.
译文：一旦根据第11.4.1条确定了（前刹导气管的）几何结构，可添加符合以下描述的孔：
a）与外部气流接触的风道部分，以及与轮缘内表面平行的平面内侧120mm至5mm之间，可开一孔。该开孔必须：
i）从车辆前部完全可见，当垂直于基准面测量时，高度不得超过180mm。
ii）在垂直于平面A-A测量时，其周围的任何点与任何其它与此同类点之间的距离不得超过50 mm。
iii）完全位于前轮中心线前方。
本人的吐槽：所以还有人在这一块儿尝试过多开孔的设计吗。。是嫌前轮轮上涡流还不够乱然后把涡流破开吗。。增加前部下压力？我觉得不如在前定风翼上多做做文章（有点类似于狗奔在德国站的尾翼升级了啊，在尾翼上开了六个阶梯型的孔，按照Giorgio Piola先生的分析似乎是要增加尾部下压力）
第十四章：关于后视镜（这一块的更改真的是超级多。。一块一块对照看得我要吐了。。）
14.3 Rear view mirrors:
14.3.1 All cars must have two mirrors positioned symmetrically about the car’s centre plane and mounted so that the driver has visibility to the rear and both sides of the car: mirrors mustremain immobile in relation to the sprung part of the car. Mirrors should be virtually removed for all legality aspects of Article 3 to be satisfied.
A mirror is defined to be the assembly of the following components:
- one reflective surface
- its housing
- mountings which connect the housing to the sprung part of the car.
14.3.2 The reflective surface of each mirror must be a rectangle which is 150mm wide and 50mm high (+2mm/-0mm for both dimensions), with a radius no greater than 10mm applied to each corner. The reflective surface must be contained within the housing described in the article 14.3.3.
Non-planar reflective surfaces are permitted provided that they can project onto a rectangle of the dimensions specified in this Article.
14.3.3 The housing must be contained within a volume that has:
a) Upper and lower faces parallel to the reference plane and separated by 80mm
b) Inner and outer faces parallel to the car centre plane and separated by 160mm
c) A rear face normal to the reference plane, at an angle of between 60° and 70° to the car centre plane with its outer edge rearwards of its inner edge
d) A front face parallel to and 75mm forward the rear face when measured in the direction of the car centre line
The lower rear inboard vertex of this volume must lie between 605mm and 730mm forward of plane C-C, between 420mm and 470mm from the car centre plane and between 600mm and 640mm above the reference plane.
No part of the housing or its mountings may obstruct the driver’s rearward vision.
14.3.4 There must be no more than two mountings connecting the mirror housing to the bodywork.
a. A maximum of one mounting may connect the mirror housing to the survival cell. Such a mirror mounting must:
- Lie between two vertical lateral planes, located at the forward and rearward extremities of the inboard face of the volume defined in the article 14.3.3
- Lie between two horizontal planes, one 550mm above the reference plane, and one parallel to and offset upward by 25mm from the lower face of the volume defined in the article 14.3.3
- Lie inboard of the inboard face of the volume defined in 14.3.3
- Form no more than a single section when intersected by any longitudinal vertical or horizontal plane
b. Any other mirror mounting must lie in its entirety between two vertical longitudinal planes which pass through the innermost and outermost point of the volume defined in the article 14.3.3, and when viewed from above must not protrude more forward than the volume defined in the article 14.3.3 or more than 50mm rearward than the diagonal line defined in Article 3.5.5 (d). Furthermore, any intersection of each such mirror mounting with a vertical lateral plane must:
- Form a single section
- Be no more than 50mm high or 10mm wide
Lie between 550mm above the reference plane and a horizontal plane that passes through the lower face of the volume defined in 14.3.3
14.3.5 Teams will be required on request to supply the FIA with CAD data with regard to the visibility of their mirror arrangement, and the FIA will retain the right to modify the dimensions in Article 14.3 should it become apparent that the mirror position does not meet the safety requirements.
译文：
14.3后视镜：
14.3.1 所有车辆必须有两个后视镜，对称地放置在车辆中心平面上，并安装在驾驶员可以看到车辆后部和两侧的位置上：后视镜相对于车辆的弹簧支撑的部分必须保持静止。在评估后视镜是否符合第3条中的所有技术规范时，应将后视镜视作从车体上拆除的状态。
后视镜定义为以下组件的集合体：
-一个反射面
-它的外壳
-将外壳连接到汽车弹性部分的底座。
14.3.2 每个后视镜的反射面必须是一个150 mm宽、50 mm高的矩形（两个尺寸均为+2 mm/-0 mm），每个角的半径不大于10 mm。反射面必须包含在第14.3.3条所述的外壳内。
允许非平面反射表面，前提是它们可以投射到本条规定尺寸的矩形上。
14.3.3 镜壳必须包含在以下体积内：
a）与基准面平行并间隔80 mm的上下表面
b）与车辆中心平面平行并间隔160mm的内外表面
c）垂直于基准面的后表面，与车辆中心面成60°到70°角，其外缘向后朝向其内缘。
d）在车辆中心线方向测量时，前表面平行于后表面并向前75 mm。
该体积的后下内侧顶点必须位于平面C-C前方605mm和730mm之间，距离车辆中心平面420mm和470mm之间，以及基准平面上方600 mm和640mm之间。
外壳或其安装件的任何部分都不得妨碍车手向后的观测视野。
14.3.4 将后视镜壳体连接至车身的支座不得超过两个。
a.最多一个安装件可将后视镜壳体连接到单体壳（我猜的。。survival cell也很难翻译）。此类镜子安装必须：
-位于两个垂直横向平面之间，位于第14.3.3条规定体积的内侧面的前后端。
-位于两个水平面之间，一个位于基准面上方550mm处，一个平行于第14.3.3条中定义的体积下表面并向上偏移25mm。
-位于14.3.3中规定体积范围的内侧面内侧（你媽的，甚么玩意儿）
-当与任何纵向垂直面或水平面相交时，不超过一个截面。
b.任何其他后视镜基座部分必须完全位于穿过第14.3.3条中规定体积范围的最内侧和最外侧点的两个垂直纵向平面之间，从上面看时，不得超出第14.3.3条中规定的体积范围或超过第3.5.5（d）条规定的对角线之后50 mm。此外，每个此类后视镜安装件与垂直侧面的任何交叉点必须：
-形成一个单独的部分
-高度不超过50 mm或宽度不超过10 mm；
位于参考平面上方550mm和穿过14.3.3中定义的空间范围下表面的水平面之间。
14.3.5 应要求各车队向FIA提供有关其后视镜布置可见度的CAD数据，如果发现后视镜位置不符合安全要求，FIA将保留修改第14.3条中尺寸的权利。
这一段恐怕是明年的技术规则里最大的修改点了，这也是今年貌似有车队被勒令更改设计之后的后果（貌似是有的，除非我又记岔了时间。。），新增了三个大条目，对后视镜的安装位置有了更严格的规定，当然这更多的是为了安全性考虑（应该），但在空气动力学的效应上对各位车队工程师提出了更严峻的考验（当然如果在这一块没啥东西好藏的时候那就算FIA大胜利了）
今天就先写这么多吧，最后剩了两三个小条目还没写完，主要都是一些很杂碎的东西要写了，主要的变更我已经算是全部写完了。。
欢迎各位到评论区讨论或者拍砖，今天先晚安了
