[戴]10-2儿童语言习得

<10-2>

ⅡCognitive development in child language development.

 

认知发展&语言习得

=&密切相关+相互影响~自己推导！

 

【论述大题】——The cognitive factors relate to language acquisition mainly in two ways.

(a). Language development is dependent on both the concepts children form about the world and what they feel stimulated to communicate at the early and later stages of their language.

(b). The cognitive factors determine how the child makes sense of the linguistic system himself instead of what meanings the child perceives and express. Many careful studies of children’s acquisition sequence and errors in various language have revealed that children have some “operating principles” for making sense of language date.

 

有时候，口译员用的图，我看着挺好用的，我用用试试，<能用图表示就用图>！

 

我们上次提取的有：

<imation>与<practice>

<an imaginary “black box”之LAD><innate UG>.

还有<Motherese/CDS/Caretalker Talk>

 

在此提出来<CD认知发展→LQ语言习得>，你可以理解为——初中感觉难的题，现在看起来太简单，有手就行。哪怕学习一直都很差的大学生，小升初考试拿个满分不成问题。

 

[论述规范]——<CD→LQ >这里也有个【客观唯心】之<Operating Principles>.

如果定位定到<CD→LQ >就答<OP>, 否则答<黑匣子>或<innate UG>.

目前来说，不存在混搭！比如写着<CD→LQ >参杂了<黑匣子>，必错！混搭必错！也不存在<UG>参杂<CD>.

你先根据大题判断你要答【习得理论】还是【认知发展&语言习得】！

 

 

 

当然，也有一些极端的情况，在既没有正常的认知发展，或是在大脑损伤的情况下，语言发展仍在继续。

一些例子表明，语言的某些方面(如morphology and syntax)独立于认知发展，这意味着习得词汇和语法的大脑机制(mental mechanism)是相对独立的，而它们的运转既不跟随也不确保普通的认知发展。

 

[记忆卡片]——即<词汇与语法习得-相对独立性>，提出来，以后再提到<相对独立性>自己推导哈。

 

 

 

 

 

ⅢLanguage environment and the Critical Period Hypothesis

 

行为主义者认为<语言环境>提供了模仿和重复练习的环境。

天赋主义者认为<语言环境>触发和激活了LAD.

互动主义者认为<语言环境>中的语言需要调整到适合儿童能接受的水平。

 

提出来<Language Environment语言环境>，提出来它有什么用呢？然并卵！目前来说，夸就完了~

LE对LQ来说很重要~LE是研究LQ的一个重要方向~

 

有一天研究LE时，语言学家发现，其实正常观察都能发现哈——儿童吧，或幼儿自闭症，或聋哑环境成长，或者窝在狼族，大概是八岁往后，他们再怎么说语言都不会太轻松。

 

Biologist, Eric Lenneberg argued that LAD, like other biological function, works successfully only when it is stimulated at the right time——A specific and limited time period for language acquisition——which is refered to as the「Critical Period Hypothesis」.

上一段话当【名词解释】，[可补充]CPH&<适应性原则>~

 

[杂谈]——提到<适应性原则>这个<基础哲学>，

假如，我们拿到一段话，800字，要记忆要背诵。

再假如，我们拿到一个主旨，要求写800字。

&桥梁即<基础哲学>，伸缩自如！

 

[头脑风暴]——我举个例子，<Motherese/CDS/Caretalker Talk>属不属于<适应性原则>？属于，好的就促进，差的就抑制，适应与匹配，适合的才是最好的。

LAD&CPH也属于，就像睡觉一样，中医说22: 00-6: 00就是休息时间，如果调换生物钟，哪怕睡眠充足，也是不怎么好的，反正中医就是这么个理念，道理就是这么个道理，这也是<适应性原则>的体现。

 

 

然后，书上给的时间节点是青春期，即「Puberty/Adolescence」。但我感觉这个时间(13~16岁)应该是滞后了。

 

 

[实事]——Victor had been deprived of language contact for 12 years when he was found naked in the woods of Aveyron in France. Upon capture, he was found completely wild. A young doctor, devoted five years to civilizing Victor and teaching him French. In spite of some success in developing Victor's sociability, memory, judgment, and all the functions of his senses, Victor remained unreceptive to all sounds other than those which had meaning for him in the forest such as the cracking of nuts, animal sounds, or the sound of rain. He only succeeded in saying two words: “lait" and “O Dieu”. Finally, The doctor gave up.