【龙腾网】英国将向饮用水中添加氟化物以消除蛀牙

正文翻译

Fluoride will be added to UK drinking water to cut tooth decay
-Chief medical officers cite estimates that more mineral in water would reduce cavities by 28% among poorest children

英国将向饮用水中添加氟化物以消除蛀牙
——首席医疗官员援引估计，在水中添加更多的矿物质可以减少最贫穷儿童28%的蛀牙

(Tooth decay is the biggest cause of hospitalisation for UK children aged from five to nine.)

（龋齿是英国5 - 9岁儿童住院治疗的最大原因。）
新闻简介：
在英国首席医疗官员得出氟化物可以消除蛀牙的结论后，全国各地的饮用水预计将添加氟化物。
英格兰首席医疗官克里斯·惠蒂以及威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰的首席医疗官引用了英格兰公共卫生局的评估，在供水中添加更多氟化物将使最富有的儿童减少17%的龋齿，最贫穷的儿童减少28%的龋齿。
2016年，澳大利亚首席健康和医学研究机构在分析了3000多项研究后表示，在饮用水中添加矿物质不会降低一个人的智商，有不会导致癌症或任何其他负面健康影响。

评论翻译

what-the-puck 
I didn't see any numbers posted, so here goes:
Fluoride in water is kept at a concentration of 0.5 to 1.0 mg/L, usually between 0.5 and 0.7.
The first symptoms of fluoride toxicity happen at 0.2–0.3 mg/kg (simple gastrointestinal discomfort). For a 10kg child that would be 2 to 3 mg total.
Teenagers and adults shouldn't exceed 10mg/person/day but with higher weight and higher tolerance they need easily 25mg to see gastrointestinal discomfort.
By the time a child is 1 year old, to reach risk of death from fluoride consumption, they'd need 50mg or about 200 glasses of water. Teenagers and adults would need 1000+.
A separate concern is bone health. A systematic review (a review of multiple studies) published in 2000 found that it was likely that there was a correlation between fluoridated tap water and hip fractures.
Analysis of the results of that systematic review found that the source studies used were not particularly good, and basing a conclusion on an average of poor studies doesn't tend to produce reliable results. Four of the source studies indicated fluoridated water strongly increases risk, and five said it strongly decreases risk.

我没有在新闻里看到任何公布的数字，所以这里：
水中氟化物的浓度保持在0.5 - 1.0 mg/L，通常在0.5 - 0.7之间。
氟中毒的最初症状出现在0.2-0.3 mg/kg时（单纯胃肠道不适）。对于一个体重10公斤的儿童来说，总共需要2到3毫克。
青少年和成年人摄入不应超过10mg/人/天，但体重和耐受性较高的人很容易需要25mg才会出现肠胃不适。
到孩子1岁的时候，要达到因摄入氟化物而死亡的风险，他们需要50毫克或大约200杯水。青少年和成人需要1000杯以上。
另一个问题是骨骼健康。2000年发表的一项系统综述（对多项研究的综述）发现，加氟自来水和髋部骨折之间可能存在相关性。
对系统评估结果的分析发现，所使用的来源研究不是特别好，基于平均水平较差的研究得出的结论往往不会产生可靠的结果。四项来源研究表明，含氟水会极大地增加风险，而五项研究表明它会极大地降低风险。

Might_be_a_Geek
My grandfather-in-law was an admin at his local waterworks when they first started adding fluoride to the water, and they purposefully announced it was being added 2 weeks before they actually did. They got so many calls during those two weeks before they started actually adding it from people claiming to have been getting violently sick from it. He spoke to a lady who said she and her dogs were violently ill from it and he said “ma’am we actually have not added it yet.” She went silent and just said “…Oh.” And the call pretty much ended like that

我妻子的爷爷是当地自来水厂的管理员，当他们第一次开始往水中添加氟化物的时候，他们故意在两周前就宣布要添加氟化物。在他们开始添加它之前的两周内，他们接到了很多电话，都是声称因为加氟而严重生病的人打来的。他与一位女士交谈，这位女士说她和她的狗狗因此病得很严重，他说，“女士，我们实际上还没有添加它。”她沉默了，只是说了声“哦。”电话就这样挂断了

Zakluor 
My city (in New Brunswick, Canada) stopped adding fluoride to the water supply a few years ago. A movement started whereby some people thought it was a terrible thing for a city to do and that it was not necessary, and the city was all too happy to save the money.
I had a dental plan and made use of it, along with regular dental hygiene at home. I wonder about those not so well-off. How are they making out? A lot of dentists in town were saying the poorer people would not fare as well.

我所在的城市（加拿大新不伦瑞克）几年前就停止向供水中添加氟化物了。因为开始了一场运动，一些人认为这是一个城市做的一件可怕的事情，没有必要加氟，然后城市都太高兴了，因为省钱了。
我有一个牙科计划，并利用了它，以及在家里的定期牙科卫生保健。我想知道那些不那么富裕的人。他们情况如何？城里的很多牙医都说穷人的情况不会好到哪里去。

SouthernComfort214 
It’s already been proven that the removal of fluoride will result in higher numbers of cavities in children.

已经证明，去除氟化物会导致儿童更多的蛀牙。（译注：链接）

rohobian
I had a lot more cavities when I was a kid than now. I haven't had a cavity in at least 12 years now. As a child, I had 7 or 8 in total over the years. And as a kid, my home was on well water, which obviously didn't have any fluoride in it. I brushed my teeth at roughly the same rate, but they were crooked. I always chalked it up to crooked teeth, and maybe not being quite as thorough in my brushing, since I was a child. Now I'm not so sure. Probably just another contributing factor, but I'd bet I wouldn't have had as many cavities if we were on city water the whole time.

我小时候的蛀牙比现在多得多。我至少有12年没蛀牙了。当我还是个孩子的时候，我总共有7到8个蛀牙。当我还是个孩子的时候，我的家用井水，很明显井水里没有任何氟化物。我刷牙的速度大致相同，但它们是弯曲的。从我还是个孩子的时候起，我总是用粉笔来标记我弯曲的牙齿，也许我刷牙的时候没有那么彻底。现在我不那么确定了。也许这只是另一个因素，但我敢打赌，如果我们一直用城市自来水，我本不会有这么多蛀牙。

joeyggg 
I wonder if the kids who don’t brush at all are driving the results. There’s no flouride in the drinking water where I live so I like to think using flouride toothpaste and mouthwash twice Daily is doing the trick.

我想知道是不是那些根本不刷牙的孩子导致了这个结果。我住的地方的饮用水中没有氟化物，所以我喜欢每天使用两次含氟化物的牙膏和漱口水。