Lesson 11 Not guilty

·本课单词（单词出现次数的数据来源为【不背单词】App，引用的时间是2023年10月）

guilty adj.    犯罪的，违法的；内疚的【11】【6】

    ·be guilty of ...    犯有 ... 罪

        ·He is guilyt of murder.    他犯了谋杀罪

    ·be innocent of ...    清白的，无罪的；对 … 无辜

        ·He is innocent of murder.    他是无辜的 

    ·have a guilty conscience    问心有愧

    ·have a clear conscience    问心无愧

    ·guilt n.    内疚；罪行；罪责        反义词        innocence n.    天真，单纯；清白，无罪

    ·It now remains for the jury to decide on the dedendant's guilt or innocence.    现在要由陪审团来决定被告有罪还是无罪

    ·crime n.    罪，罪行(法律，生活中)

        ·commit a serious crime    犯下严重罪行

    ·sin n.    (违背宗教或道德的)罪，罪恶

        ·It is a sin to tell a lie.    说谎是一种罪过

tolerant adj.    宽容的    willing to accept other people's beliefs, way of life, etc. without criticizing them, even if you disagree with them【4】【16】

    ·be tolerant of/towards ...    对 ... 宽容

        ·Perhaps you need to be more tolerant of your neighbors.    也许你需要对你的邻居更宽容一些

    ·tolerable adj.    可以容忍的，尚好的，还可以的；可接受的，可忍受的

        ·in tolerable health    健康状况尚可

        ·The doctors manage to keep the pain at a tolerable level.

    ·tolerate v.    容忍，宽容

        ·Why people are prepared to tolerate a four hour journey each day for the dubious privilege of living in the country is beyond me.    我真搞不懂，为什么人们愿意每天忍受四小时的长途跋涉，就为了得到住在乡下的可疑特权

    ·forbearing adj.    宽容的；忍耐的

        ·The vicar praised what he called her "kind and forbearing nature".    牧师称赞了她“善良和宽容的天性”

    ·easy-going adj.    随和的，不慌不忙的

        ·Her easy-going nature made her popular.    她随和的天性使她很受欢迎

declare v.    (向税务部门海关)申报；声明，宣布【7】【33】

    ·You must declare all you have earned in the last year.    你必须申报你去年的全部收入

    ·I declare you man and wife.    我宣布你们成为夫妻

    ·China declared independence in 1949.    中国于1949年宣布独立

    ·The Chinese government has declared war on official corruption.    中国政府已向官员腐败宣战

    ·declaration n.    声明，表白；申报（单）；（板球）对一赛局结束的宣布；公告，宣告

        ·the Declaration of Independence    独立宣言

        ·the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights    联合国人权宣言

hardened adj.    有经验的【3】【1】

professional adj.    职业的，专业的，内行的 & n.    专业人士，内行【104】【88】

    ·adj.

        ·a professional boxer    一个职业的拳击手

        ·You will need to seek professional advice about your claim for compensation.    你需要就你的赔偿要求寻求专业意见。

    ·n.

        ·You sing like a real professional.    你唱得很专业

    ·反义词

        ·amateur n.    业余爱好者；生手，外行 & adj.    非专业的，业余爱好的；不熟练的

            ·n.

                ·The tournament is open to both amateurs and professionals.    比赛对业余和职业选手都开放

                ·I shouldn't employ them ---- they're just a bunch of amateurs.    我不应该雇用他们----他们只是一群业余爱好者

            ·adj.

                ·an amateur photographer    业余摄影师

    ·profession n.    （尤指需要长期训练和正规资格的）职业；（统称，指需要较高教育水平的）职业（the professions）

        ·the medical/legal/teaching profession    医疗/法律/教学 专业

    ·occupation n.    工作，职业（填表格的时候）

        ·State your name, age, and occupation in the box below.    在下面的方框中填上你的姓名、年龄和职业

        ·My occupation is an accountant.    错，不能这么使用，可以用 work，job，profession

    ·vocation n.    （认为某种职业适合自己的）使命感；（认为特别适合自己的）工作，职业，生活方式    

        ·She believes she has found her true vocation in life.    她相信她已经找到了自己真正的职业

smuggler n.    走私者【0】【1】

officious adj.    爱管闲事的【0】【0】

confidently adv.    自信地【0】【2】

dreadful adj.    可怕的,一团糟的【1】【1】

    ·a dreadful/terrible accident, disease, nightmare    可怕/糟糕的 事故、疾病、噩梦

    ·We've had some dreadful/terrible weather lately.    我们最近的天气很糟糕

    ·All the things I had packed so carefully were soon in a dreadful mess.    我精心收拾的东西很快就弄得一团糟

    ·dread v.    畏惧，担心 & n.    害怕，畏惧

        ·dread doing sth    害怕做某事

            ·I dread being sick.    我害怕生病

            ·He dreaded having to spend Christmas in hospital.    他害怕在医院里过圣诞节

        ·live in dread of ...    一直都害怕 ...

            ·The committee members live in dread of anything that may cause a scandal.    委员们生活在对任何可能引起丑闻的事情的恐惧之中

            ·We live in dread not only of unpleasant insects like spiders or wasps, but of quite harmless ones like moths.    我们生活在恐惧之中，不仅害怕像蜘蛛或黄蜂这样令人讨厌的昆虫，而且害怕像飞蛾这样无害的昆虫

pounce v.    猛抓,扑住【0】【0】

perfume n.    香水;香味【1】【0】

    ·scent/perfume/fragrance n.    香水；香味（天然的芬芳）

        ·the scent of ripe fruit    成熟水果的香味

        ·the perfume of flowers    花的芬芳

        ·the fragrance of lilacs    紫丁香花的香味

    ·scented/perfumed/fragrant adj.    香味的，芬芳的，有香气的

        ·scented/perfumed soap    香皂

        ·the Fragrant Hills    香山

    ·aroma n.    芳香，浓香（人工制作的香味）

        ·the aroma of hot coffee    热咖啡的浓香

    ·smell n.    气味；臭味

        ·funny smell    异味儿

        ·smelly adj.    有难闻气味的，发臭的

            ·smelly feet    臭脚

    ·odour(英)/odor(美) n.    （尤指难闻的）气味，臭味

        ·body odour/odor    体臭

        ·odourless(英)/odorless(美) adj.    没有气味的

            ·Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless and noxious gas.    一氧化碳是一种无色、无味、有毒的气体

sarcastically adv.    讽刺地，讥讽地，说反话地【0】【0】

    ·sarcasm n.    讽刺，挖苦/irony n.    （出乎意料的）奇异可笑之处，具有讽刺意味的情况；反语，讽刺

        ·with heavy sarcasm/irony    伴随的浓郁的 讽刺/反讽

            ·'Good of you to arrive on time', George said, with heavy sarcasm/irony.    “你能准时到达真是太好了，”乔治带着强烈的讽刺说

        ·hint/trace/touch of sarcasm/irony    一点点的讽刺

            ·There was a hint of sarcasm/irony in her voice.    她的声音里有一丝讽刺

    ·sarcastic adj.    讽刺的，嘲笑的，挖苦的/ironic adj.    反语的，讽刺的；（因出乎意料而）奇怪的，好笑的

        ·a/an sarcastic/ironic smile/remark/expression etc    讽刺的 微笑/评论/表情 等

        ·I was almost there when a sarcastic voice below said. 'I don't think the windows need cleaning at this time of the night.'    我刚要到那儿，下面一个讥讽的声音说。“我认为晚上这个时候不需要擦窗户。”

    ·sarcastically adv.    讽刺地；挖苦地/ironically adv.    具有讽刺意味的是；反讽地，讽刺地

        ·'Oh good,' he said sarcastically/ironically.    “哦，太好了，”他讽刺地说

        ·'Perfume, eh?' he asked sarcastically.    “香水,嗯?他讽刺地问

    ·指人时这两个词是一样的，指事情时只能用 irony/ironic/ironically

        ·the irony of fate    命运的讽刺

        ·It's ironic that she became a teacher ---- she used to hate school    具有讽刺意味的是，

她成为了一名教师----她曾经讨厌学校 

        ·Ironically, his cold got better on the last day of his holiday.    讽刺的是，他的感冒在假期的最后一天好转了

exempt adj.    被免除的【0】【4】

duty n.    税【23】【17】

gel n.    凝胶【0】【0】

mixture n.    混合物【4】【0】

unscrew v.    拧开【0】【0】

nostril n.    鼻孔【0】【0】

chalk n.    粉笔【2】【0】

baggage n.    行李(不可数名词)【2】【1】

    ·baggage/luggage n.    行李(不可数名词) 

    ·trunk/suitcase n.    箱子(可数) ... -> baggage/luggage n.    行李(不可数)

    ·table/chair n.    桌子/椅子 ... -> furniture n.    家具(不可数)

    ·pen/pencil n.    钢笔，铅笔 ... -> stationery n.    文具(不可数)

    ·jewel n.    珠宝 -> jewelry(美)/jewellery(英)n.    珠宝(不可数)

    ·scene n.    景色 -> scenery n.    风景(不可数)

    ·weapon n.    武器 -> weaponry n.    武器，兵器(不可数)

    ·machine n.    机器 -> machinery n.    机器，机械(不可数)

    ·poem n.    诗 ->poetry n.    诗歌(不可数)

    ·novel n.    小说 -> fiction n.    小说(不可数)

    ·myth n.    神话 -> mythology n.    神话(不可数)

    ·leaf n.    叶子 -> foliage n.    （植物的）叶子(不可数)

·课文讲解

    Customs Officers are quite tolerant these days, but they can still stop you when you are going through the Green Channel and have nothing to declare. Even really honest people are often made to feel guilty. The hardened professional smuggler, on the other hand, is never troubled by such feelings, even if he has five hundred gold watches hidden in his suitcase. When I returned from abroad recently, a particularly officious young Customs Officer clearly regarded me as a smuggler.

    ‘Have you anything to declare?’ he asked, looking me in the eye.

    ‘No,’ I answered confidently.

    ‘Would you mind unlocking this suitcase please?’

    ‘Not at all,' I answered.

    The Officer went through the case with great care. All the things I had packed so carefully were soon in a dreadful mess. I felt sure I would never be able to close the case again. Suddenly, I saw the Officer's face light up. He had spotted a tiny bottle at the bottom of my case and he pounced on it with delight.

    ‘Perfume, eh?’ he asked sarcastically. ‘You should have declared that. Perfume is not exempt from import duty.'

    ‘But it isn't perfume,' I said. ‘It’s hair gel.’ Then I added with a smile, ‘It's a strange mixture I make myself.'

    As I expected, he did not believe me.

    ‘Try it!’ I said encouragingly.

    The Officer unscrewed the cap and put the bottle to his nostrils. He was greeted by an unpleasant smell which convinced him that I was telling the truth. A few minutes later, I was able to hurry away with precious chalk marks on my baggage.

Customs Officers are quite tolerant these days, but they can still stop you when you are going through the Green Channel and have nothing to declare.

    ·It took ages to clear customs but then we were out of the airport quite quickly.    清关花了很长时间，但我们很快就离开了机场

    ·You won't be able to take that through customs.    你不能带着这个通过海关

    ·相似的词：custom n.    风俗，习俗

        ·the custom of giving presents at Christmas    圣诞节送礼物的习俗

        ·Chinese traditional customs    中国传统习俗

    ·quite adv.    截然，完全；相当，颇为

    ·these days    today    nowadays    当今，现如今

    ·go through

        ·1.经历(尤为艰难时期)

            ·When you're going through a crisis, it often helps to talk to someone.    当你经历危机时，找人倾诉往往会有所帮助

        ·2.仔细检查，翻找

            ·I've gone through all my pockets but I can't find my keys.    我把所有的口袋都翻遍了，但就是找不到钥匙。

            ·The Officer went through the case with great care.    警官非常仔细地检查了箱子

            ·When she caught up with them, she saw that they had sat down and were going through the contents of the bag, so she ran straight at them.    当她追上他们时，她看到他们已经坐下，正在翻包里的东西，于是她径直向他们跑去

Even really honest people are often made to feel guilty.

    ·make sb. do sth.    使某人做某事

    ·be made to do sth.    被迫，被要求，被命令做某事

        ·I made him tepeat it.    我让他重复了一遍

        ·He was made to repeat it.    他被迫重复了一遍

    ·see/hear/notice sb. do sth.    看到/听到/注意到 某人做了某事 (全过程)

    ·be seen/heard/noticed to do sth.    某人被 看到/听到/注意到 做了某事

        ·I saw/heard/noticed him leave the room.    我 看到/听到/注意到 他离开了房间

        ·He was seen/heard/noticed to leave the room.    他被 看到/听到/注意到 离开了房间

    ·看到某人做事的片段，没有看到全过程

        ·see/hear/notice sb. doing sth.    看到/听到/注意到 某人正在做某事(看到片段)

        ·be seen/heard/noticed doing sth.

            ·I saw him crossing the road.    我看到他正在过马路

            ·He was seen crossing the road.    他被看到正在过马路

            ·I heard the gril singing in the room.    我听到这女孩正在房间里唱歌

            ·The girl was heard singing in the room.    这女孩被听到正在房间里唱歌

            ·Almost any day a young porpoise may be seen trying to turn a 300-pound sea turtle over by sticking his snout under the edge of his shell and pushinng up for dear life.    几乎每天都可以看到一只小海豚试图把它的鼻子伸到一只300磅重的海龟的壳边缘下，然后拼命地把它翻过来

            ·题：The missing boy was last seen ____ near the river.    失踪的男孩最后一次被人看见是在河边玩耍(playing 指当时看到了一部分，如果使用 play 那就是看到了全过程，看到全过程男孩就不会失踪了，所以要选A)

                ·(A) playing

                ·(B) to be playing

                ·(C) play

                ·(D) to play

注释：可以看到本句是个短句，而它的上一句和下一句都是长句，英语写作可以使用此类方法，长句搭配短句

The hardened professional smuggler, on the other hand, is never troubled by such feelings, even if he has five hundred gold watches hidden in his suitcase.

    ·hardened adj.    老练的，有经验的；习以为常的，麻木不仁的 someone who is hardened has a lot of difficult or unpleasant experiences and is no longer much affected by such things

        ·a hardened criminal/police officer etc    一个麻木不仁的罪犯/一个老练的警察

        ·The hildren became hardened to the violence.    孩子们对暴力变得麻木了

    ·on the other hand    然而在另一方面(表转折)

        ·on the other hand ...; on the one hand ... on the other (hand) ...    (两种用法) used to indicated contrasting points of view, opinions, etc

        ·I'd like to eat out, but on the other hand I should be trying to save money.    我想在外面吃饭，但另一方面我也应该尽量省钱

        ·On the one hand they'd love to have kids, but on the other (hand), they don't want to give up their freedom.    一方面，他们想要孩子，但另一方面，他们又不想放弃自由

    ·for one thing ...; for one thing ... for another ...    used to introduce a reason for sth

        ·-"Why don't you get a car?"    “你为什么不买车?”

        ·-"Well, for one thing, I can't drive!"    “嗯，首先，我不会开车!”

        ·-"Why won't you come to New York with me?"    “你为什么不和我一起去纽约?”

        ·-"For one thing, I don't like flying, and for antother, I can't afford it"    “一来我不喜欢坐飞机，二来我坐不起。”

    ·trouble v.    使忧虑，苦恼    if a problem troubles you, it makes you feel worried or upset

        ·Don't trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.    不要自找麻烦，除非麻烦来找你

    ·练习造句：他的口袋里藏着一张大额的钞票

        ·He has a large bank note hidden in his pocket.

    ·练习造句：这个贪官(corrupt official)在地下室里藏了1000万元

        ·The corrupt official has 10 million yuan hidden in the basement.

When I returned from abroad recently, a particularly officious young Customs Officer clearly regarded me as a smuggler.

    ·return = come/go back 对

        ·return back 错

        ·say it again 对

        ·repeat it 对

        ·repeat it again 错

        ·go forward 对

        ·advance 对

        ·advance forward 错

        ·in my opinion, ...  对

        ·I think ... 对

        ·in my opinion, I think ... 错

        ·It is becasue ... 对

        ·the reason is that ... 对

        ·the reason is because ... 错

    ·from abroad    介词后面的宾语可以是副词或介词短语 

        ·Suddenly, there was a slight trembling sound from below, and the captain went down to see what had happened.    below 是方位副词

        ·Before long, biscuits of all shapes and sizes began arriving at the factory.    long 是时间副词

        ·After crossing the equator, the captain called in at a port to have a new rudder fitted, but by now the Thermopylae was over five hundred miles ahead.    now 是时间副词

            ·call in at    顺便拜访

        ·Towards midday, a girl heard a muffled cry coming from behind one of the walls.    behind one of the walls 介词短语做介词宾语

    ·abroad adv.    在国外，到国外 <-> aboard adv.    在船上，到船上

        ·study abroad    出国留学

        ·All aboard!    全体上船

        ·类似的字母一样，排列不一的单词有

            ·quite adv.    完全，截然；相当，颇为 <-> quiet adj.    轻声的，安静的

            ·dairy adj.    奶制的，乳品的 <-> diary n.    日记

            ·latitude n.    纬度；纬度地区 <-> altitude n.    海拔高度；高地

    ·officious adj.     摆官架子的；爱管闲事的(disapproving) too ready to tell people what to do or to use the power you have to give orders    爱发号施令的，指手画脚的

        ·When people put on uniforms, their attitude becomes more confident and their manner more officious.    当人们穿上制服时，他们的态度变得更加自信，他们的举止变得更加爱指手画脚

    ·officer n.    军官；（政府或大机构的）官员

        ·a commanding officer    指挥官

        ·a police officer    警官

        ·a cutoms officer    海关官员

        ·chief executive offucer    首席执行官

    ·official n.    官员(只能用于政府的官员) & adj.    正式的，官方的

        ·government officials    政府官员

        ·corrupt officials    贪官

        ·officials corruption    官员的腐败

        ·officials statistics    官方的统计

‘Have you anything to declare?’ he asked, looking me in the eye.

    ·look sb in the eye(s)/face    to look straight at sb without feeling embarrassed or ashamed    直视

        ·Can you look me in the eye and tell me you're not lying?    你能看着我的眼睛告诉我你没撒谎吗

        ·I'll never be able to look her in the face again!    我再也不能面对她了

‘No,’ I answered confidently.

    ·confidently <-> with confidence

‘Would you mind unlocking this suitcase please?’

    ·would(陌生人用，上级)/do you mind doing sth.        ·1.请求对方做某事

        ·Would you mind waiting outside?    您介意在外面等吗？

        ·同意回答：No， not at all.    Not at all.    Certainly not.    Of course not.    No, that's quite all right.    Not at all, I'd be happy/glad to.

        ·would/do you mind my/our doing sth.        ·2.请求对方允许自己做某事

            ·do you mind if(真实语气：一般现在时)

            ·would you mind if(虚拟语气：一般过去)

            ·Would you mind my smoking here?    您介意我在这里抽烟吗？

            ·Do you mind if I smoke here?    你介意我在这里抽烟吗？

            ·Would you mind if I smoked here?    如果我在这里抽烟，你会介意吗？

            ·同意回答：No, not at all.    Not at all.    Certainly not.    Of course not.    Go ahead.

            ·介意：I wish you wouldn't.    You'd better not.    I'm sorry, but ...    I'm afraid ...

                ·I'm afraid this is a non-smoking office.    我恐怕这是一个禁烟办公室

            ·题目练习："Do you mind ___?" "Go ahead."

                ·(A) opening the window

                ·(B) I open the window    

                ·(C) if I open the window

                ·(D) whether I open the window

‘Not at all,' I answered. The Officer went through the case with great care.

    ·with great care = very carefully

        ·with + 名词 = 副词

        ·He had spotted a tiny bottle at the bottom of my case and he pounced on it with delight (=delightedly)    他在我的箱子底下发现了一个小瓶子，高兴地扑了上去

        ·Then I added with a smile (=smilingly)    然后我微笑着加了一句

        ·'No,' I answered confidently (=with confidence).    “不，”我自信地回答

        ·His few material possessions make it possible for him to move from place to place with ease (=easilt).    他很少的物质财产使他能够轻松地从一个地方移动到另一个地方

        ·She faced the difficulty with calmness (=calmly).    她冷静地面对困难

        ·I looked at her with curiosity (curiously)    我好奇地看着她

        ·She spoke to me with tenderness (=tenderly).    她温柔地对我说话

        ·I greated Philip with enthusiasm (=enthusiastically).    我热情地欢迎菲利普

        ·见过的再写，听过的再说。因为不是每一个 with + 名词都等于副词

            ·The gang picked their victims at random (=randomly).    那伙人随意挑选受害者

            ·I met an old friend in town by accident (=accidentally).    我在城里偶然遇见了一位老朋友

            ·The negotiations were conducted in secret (=secretly).    谈判是秘密进行的

            ·It's unprofessional to criticize your colleagues in public (=publicly).    在公共场合批评同事是不专业的

All the things I had packed so carefully were soon in a dreadful mess.

    ·I had packed ...    引导定语从句

    ·things [pl.] personal belongings    私人财物

        ·The chest contained the personal belongings of a seaman, Alan Fielding.    箱子里装着海员艾伦·菲尔丁(Alan Fielding)的私人物品    (belongings 与 things 类似)

        ·As they grow old, people also accumulate belongings for two other reasons, lack of physical and mental energy, both of which are essential in turning out and throwing away, and sentiment.    随着年龄的增长，人们囤积物品还有另外两个原因，一是体力和精力的缺乏，这两者在翻出和扔掉时都是必不可少的，二是感情。

    ·pack v.    （把……）打包，收拾（行李

        ·Kelly packed her things before dinner.    凯利在晚饭前收拾好她的东西

        ·He was still packing his suitcase when the taxi came.    出租车来的时候，他还在收拾手提箱

    ·unpack v.    打开包裹；分析；卸下……；解除……的负担

        ·He told me to unpack my things and then come down to dinner.    他让我把行李打开，然后下楼吃饭

        ·I unpacked my bags as soon as I arrived.    我一抵达就打了开行李

    ·in a mess    乱糟糟，一团糟

        ·in a/an dreadful/terrible/awful/appalling mess    一团糟/糟透了/一塌糊涂

        ·Jem's house is always in an awful mess    杰姆的房子总是一团糟

        ·in (a state of) disorder    混乱地：无秩序或无组织地

            ·Everything was in disorder, but nothing seemed to be missing.    一切都很混乱，但似乎什么也没有丢失

            ·The whole office was in a state of disorder.    整个办公室一片混乱

        ·in (a state of) chaos    混乱中：指一种无序、杂乱、紊乱的状态，通常用于形容场景或情境

            ·The kitchen was in chaos.    厨房里一片混乱

            ·Writhout it, nothing could ever be brought to a conclusion; everything would be in a state of chaos.    没有守时，任何事情都不能结束;一切都会陷入混乱

        ·at sixes and sevens    乱七八糟，形容事情混乱、无需

            ·When the visitours arrived we were still at sixes and sevens.    客人到达时，我们仍是乱七八糟的

I felt sure I would never be able to close the case again.

    ·I would never ...    形容词的补足语从句

        ·still, I'm glad the bell is working again.    尽管如此，我还是很高兴门铃又能响了

        ·'It's working all right, but I'm afraid that at one o'clock it will strike thirteen times and there's nothing I can do about it.'    "它的报时还不错，不过恐怕一点钟钟会敲十三下，我对此无能为力。"

         ·When a passing tanker rescued them five days later, both men were genuinely sorry that they had to leave.    他笑得两眼放光。五天后，当一艘路过的油轮把他们救起时，两人都对不得不离开感到由衷的遗憾

Suddenly, I saw the Officer's face light up.

    ·light up    if someone's face or eyes light up, they show pleasure, excitement etc (因喜悦、兴奋等脸上或眼中)露出光彩

        ·His eyes lit up with laughter.    他笑得两眼放光

        ·Her face lit up with pleasure.    她高兴得容光焕发

He had spotted a tiny bottle at the bottom of my case and he pounced on it with delight.

    ·pounce (on sth)    突袭，猛扑。抓住了就加 on

        ·The lion crouched ready to pounce.    狮子蹲着准备猛扑过去

        ·The hawk pounced on its prey.    鹰猛扑向猎物

        ·plunge (into sth)    投入 ...

            ·The order to abandon ship was give and hundreds of people plunged into the icy water.    弃船的命令下达了，数百人跳入冰冷的水中

        ·charge (at sth)    向 ... 冲过去

            ·Bruce charged at it,  but in the middle, the car came to a grinding halt.    布鲁斯朝它冲过去，但车开到中间时嘎然停了下来

    ·with delight <-> delightedly

        ·delightedly adv.    感到高兴地

        ·delightfully adv.    令人高兴地

            ·She delightedly accepted the invitation.    她高兴地接受了邀请

            ·The evening is delightfully cool.    傍晚凉爽宜人

            ·Robert was delighted to see me and equally pleased with my little gift.罗伯特见到我很高兴，对我的小礼物也很满意

            ·Indeed they can have a delightful surprise when they find something useful which they did not know they owned.    事实上，当他们发现一些有用的东西时，他们会有一个惊喜，他们不知道他们拥有

            ·The old view of Galileo was delightfully uncomplicated.    令人高兴的是，伽利略的旧观点并不复杂

‘Perfume, eh?’ he asked sarcastically.

    ·eh interj.     used for asking someone to agree with you

    ·sarcastically <-> ironically <-> with (heavy) sarcasm/irony

‘You should have declared that. Perfume is not exempt from import duty.'

    ·should/ought to have done    带有责备的语气，该做的事情却没有做

        ·He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing. A policeman approached Jimmy and told him he ought to have gone along a side street as Jumbo was holding up the traffic.    他应该知道警察是决不会允许这种事情发生的。一位警察走近吉米，告诉他应该走一条小巷，因为江伯阻碍了交通

        ·How I regretted the hours wasted in the woods and fields, the days when I had played and should have studied.    我多么后悔在树林和田野里浪费的时光，那些我本该玩耍和学习的日子

    ·be exempt from sth.    免于某事

        ·Children are exempt from the charges.    儿童免收这些费用

        ·Currently, developing nations are exempt from certain restrictions on carbon emissions.    目前，发展中国家不受碳排放的某些限制

        ·exempt sb. from sth.    使某人免除某事

            ·His bad eyesight exempted him from military service.    由于视力不好，他可以免服兵役

    ·import duty/customs duty/tariff    进口税/关税/关税

        ·These days. it is differences in national regulations, far more than tariffs, that put sand in the whells of trade between rich countries.    这些天。阻碍富国间贸易的是各国法规的差异，而不是关税

            ·put sand in the wheels    阻碍，妨碍：在某事物的进行中故意制造困难或阻碍

    ·duty 和 tax 的区别

        ·duty 表示对商品征收的税，进口货物征收的税，关税

        ·tax 可以用于各种税

            ·income/property/sales/inheritance tax    个人所得税/物业费/营业税/遗产税

‘But it isn't perfume,' I said. ‘It’s hair gel.’

    ·hair gel：a thick liquid substance which is put in the hair to help the hair keep a particular shape or style

Then I added with a smile, ‘It's a strange mixture I make myself.'

    ·add v.    补充说，接着说    to say more about something that has just been said

        ·I have nothing to add to my earlier statement.    对于我先前的发言，我没有什么要补充的

        ·add that ...    补充说 ...

        ·Everyone will be invited to vote, he said, adding that voting is likely to be via the web.    他说，每个人都将被邀请投票，并补充说投票很可能是通过网络进行的

        ·He added that a student had dressed up as a policeman and was playing all sorts of silly jokes on people.    他补充说，一名学生装扮成警察，对人们开各种愚蠢的玩笑

            ·dress up as    装扮成 ...

    ·do sth with a smile/laught/sneer/shock/sigh/start ...    微笑/大笑/冷笑/震惊/叹气/吃惊 地做 ...

        ·'Oh, that,' he said with a smile as if he were talking about an old friend.    “哦，那个，”他笑着说，好像在谈论一位老朋友

            ·as if    好像，仿佛

        ·Looking round, I realized with a shock that I was the only passenger left on the bus.    我环顾四周，吃惊地发现车上只剩下我一个乘客了

        ·'Oh, is it?' said the sheriff with a sneer. 'Well, i'm Brinksley Meers, and my other name is Gloria Gleam. Now you get out of here fast!'    “哦，是吗?”司法官冷笑着说。“嗯，我是布林克斯利·米尔斯，我的另一个名字是格洛丽亚·格利姆。现在你赶紧离开这里!”

        ·One night, however, our vicar woke up with a start: the clock was striking the hours!    然而，一天晚上，我们的牧师被惊醒了:大钟在报时了!

        ·She slowly sat down with a sigh and closed her eyes.    她慢慢地坐了下来，叹了口气，闭上了眼睛

    ·oneself 与 by oneself 作状语时得区别

        ·oneself 强调“亲自”，是亲自做某事，并非他人代劳

        ·by oneself = alone 强调“独自”，是独自做某事，没有他人得陪伴或帮助

            ·Do it yourself    你自己做

            ·I would not hear of the suggestion and siad that I would fix it myself.    我没有听从这个建议并说我自己来修

            ·While Alfred's little army slowly began to gather at Athelney, the king himself set out to penetrate the camp of Guthrum, the commander of the Danish invaders.    当阿尔弗雷德的小军队慢慢地开始在阿塞尔尼集结时，国王自己开始潜入丹麦侵略者的指挥官古瑟伦的营地

            ·They are living by themselves (=alone).    他们独自生活

            ·One can't play tennis by oneself (=alone).    一个人不能独自打网球

As I expected, he did not believe me.

    ·As 引导非限定性定语从句，修饰整个主句

        ·As I soon learnt, he was English himself!    我很快就知道，他自己就是英国人

        ·Anyway, as Brian pointed out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking.    不管怎样，正如布赖恩指出的，戒烟是世界上最容易的事情

        ·Things can go wrong on a big scale, as a number of people recently discovered in Parramatta, a suburb of Sydney.    正如悉尼郊区帕拉马塔(Parramatta)的许多人最近发现的那样，事情可能会出现大规模的问题

            ·on a big scale    大规模的

‘Try it!’ I said encouragingly.

    ·Try it 可以替换为 give it a try

        ·give it a shot    尝试一下

The Officer unscrewed the cap and put the bottle to his nostrils.

    ·unscrew v.    旋开，松开；拧下……的螺丝

        ·screw v.    用螺丝固定；拧紧，旋紧

            ·screw a bulb in    把灯泡拧进去

        ·She unscrewed the cap of her water bottle and give him a drink.    她拧开水瓶的瓶盖，给他喝了一口

He was greeted by an unpleasant smell which convinced him that I was telling the truth.

    ·which 引导定语从句，that 引导宾语从句

    ·be greeted by ...    (of sights, sounds or smells) to be the first thing that you see,hear or smell at a particular time    首先看到的、听到的、闻到的是 ...

         ·I woke up and was greeted by bird song.    我醒来，首先听到鸟儿的歌声

        ·When she opened the door she was greeted by complete disorder.    当她打开门时，她首先看到的是一片混乱

    ·convince sb. of sth.    使某人相信某事

    ·convince sb. that ...    如要加从句，需要使用 that，而 that 前面不能加介词，前面第一课有说到

        ·The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from?    专家们现在完全确信这只动物是美洲狮，但它是从哪里来的呢

    ·tell the truth    说实话

        ·tell a lie/story/joke ...    说谎/讲故事/说笑话

A few minutes later, I was able to hurry away with precious chalk marks on my baggage.

    ·with 是独立主格，做伴随状语

    ·hurry v.    匆匆的走（朝某方向）

        ·通常搭配副词和介词短语来表达更清晰的意思

        ·She hurried away in the opposite direction.    她朝相反的方向匆匆走开了

        ·He hurried forward to meet him.    他急忙上前迎接他

        ·We hurried upstairs to see what was going on.    我们急忙上楼去看看发生了什么事

        ·With this, he hurried off the stage.    说完，他匆匆走下了舞台

        ·She hurried down the corridor as fast as she could.    她以最快的速度匆匆穿过走廊

        ·More than 100 men hurried to the scene to donate their blood.    100多名男子赶到现场献血