试译 | 达格·哈马舍尔德纪念堂——海杜克《美杜莎的面具》
The next formation was the creation of the Dag Hammarskjöld Memorial. The text for the Memorial follows:
The Dag Hammarskjöld monument results from the combining of ageometric theory with an actual physical environment.
The thrust lies in the geometric fundamentals of architecture from which the theoretical base of the square, cube, diagonal and contained field spring. These are universal tools and are put into interaction in order for adynamic equilibrium to emerge.
After visiting the United Nations site in New York the problem began to form. The site has the river to the East, the City to the West, the United Nations to the South, and nature could be introduced to the North. Here were five elements to work with, the fifth being the sky above. The initial diagram follows the combination of nature with the man-made. (Figure 1)
From the preceding diagram a geometric square and cube will emerge.
Given the cube in plan (a square) a window opening would be a square. Centralizing the roof square and projecting down to the Memorial floor surface locates the area for the geometric volume upon which Dag Hammarskjöld’s name is placed.
This volumetric element is conceived as a 4’ X 4’ X 8’ rectangular volume split diagonally in half of which the upper four feet is further split at a diagonal.(Figure 2 & 3)
The block is entered from the North. The impact upon entry would create a visual torque. The exit would be at the opposite diagonal corner (Figure 4) but at a right angle to the entry; the weight started to shift and gave additional answers to the site development.
The entry and exit were now located, yet it was the intention that the cube remain pure (outside of the square window holes punched in). This meant that the detailing of the doors would have to present a hair line at the joints in order for the cube to read as a whole. When the doors were opened the cube becomes momentarily destroyed, a compromise to the forces of nature, yet symbolically significant.
The exact positioning of the square openings had to be determined. The roof square to the sky had been centralized; now for the other four. The view to the water and nature could be low. The view to the United Nation and the city could be high. (Figure 5 & 6)
The placement of the window facing the United Nations would be high opposite the entry. The view to water and the river would be low in a diagonal relationship to the United Nations window. These figures are similar but tipped. Now for the city and nature. They were projected from the central volume, one to the city, high; one to nature, low. (Figure 7)
Again, similar figures tipped. (Figure 8)
All five positions were now fixed.
The next problem was how to enter the cube at grade level, then rise up to the inner platform level. This was accomplished by the introduction of the right angle stairs which add to the impetus and tension of the space.(Figure 9)
The size is a 40-foot cube with a 2-foot thick supporting wall making the inner cube a 36-foot square. The roof structure is of reinforced concrete as is that of the inner wall structure. Both inner and outer surfaces are to be of a white cement.
When a cube is set on a flat plane there may be a lack of visual buoyancy. The Hammarskjöld cube is placed on a slight pyramidal rise with the greatest leg of the pyramid at the entry side, the other three legs remaining equal.
The development of the surrounding area followed next. The contained field was one of the early a priori postulates. A contemplative area was another element desired thus the introduction of nature. A high wall would contain the total monument area with various openings for entry gate view, etc., punched into it.
Upon passing through the gate the observer is confronted by a forest of trees which have five direct paths leading through them towards the monument. The observer can choose and follow any one of the paths to the intermediate platform prior to the pyramid. Only one path is the largest and most direct of the five, being on axis with the entry of the cube. The forest can serve as a contemplative area. Upon exiting from the cube our hypothetical observer may walk to the east where there is a view to the river and a large reflecting pool, thus ending the cycle of the monument and the homage to DagHammarskjöld.
Through the isometrics of the Hammarskjöld memorial there began the faint murmurs of the future isometric projection systems of the Diamond Projects.
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接下来的信息是关于达格·哈马舍尔德纪念堂的建造。关于这座纪念堂的文本如下：
达格·哈马舍尔德纪念堂是抽象几何理论与现实物质环境相结合的产物。
其核心在于建筑的几何基础，它是正方形、立方体、对角线以及场域的理论基础。而这些都是通用工具，它们相互作用，以形成某种动态平衡。
在拜访过位于纽约联合国的基地之后问题开始变得明晰。基地东边是条河，西边是城市，南面为联合国，而大自然由北面引入。加上第五要素——头顶的天空，共有五个要素需要考虑。最初的图解源于将自然与人造物进行结合。（图1）
从上图中可以看到一个几何正方形以及（对应的）立方体。
鉴于立方体的平面（正方形），其开窗也将是个正方形。屋顶正方形的几何中心投射到纪念堂地面上，定义了用来放置刻写格·哈马舍尔德名字的几何柱体的位置。
这个柱状元素被设计成由一个4英尺x4英尺x8英尺的矩形柱沿对角线切成一半，然后在上部四英尺处沿对角线进一步斜切而形成的体量。（图2和图3）。
这个方盒子由北侧进入。入口的影响将制造一个视觉扭矩。出口设置在对角线的另一侧（图4），并与入口形成直角关系。从而，重心开始转移，对场地开发作出进一步的回应。
入口和出口的位置安排好了，然而仍意图保持立方体的纯粹（有窗洞打破了正方形的表面）。这意味着门的连接节点细部要表现的如发丝一般纤细以使立方体作为一个完整形体被读解。当门打开时，立方体被瞬间瓦解，这是对自然力量的妥协，但却表现出极其重大的象征意义。
方形每一个开口的准确位置需要被明确下来。屋顶对应的天面开口已经被居中布置，剩下另外四个。对应河流与自然的视口应该布置在较低位置，而对应联合国及城市的视口则应布置在较高位置。（图5和图6）。
面对联合国的窗口应该设在入口正对面较高的位置。面对水与河流的窗口设置在低处与对应联合国的窗口成对角线关系。两者数值（相对位置）相似但（方向）相反。接下来是对应城市和自然的。这两个窗口由中央柱体投射出来，一个对应城市，位于高处；一个对应自然，位于低处。（图7）
同样，数值相似但相反。（图8）
所有五个位置现在都确定下来了。
接下来的问题是怎么从室外地坪进入立方体，进而上到室内地坪。这是通过引入直角台阶来实现的，它增加了空间的动量与张力。（图9）
正立方体尺寸为40英尺，其中承重墙厚两英尺，从而内部为36英尺见方的立方体。屋顶与内墙同为钢筋混凝土结构。内外墙面均涂抹白色水泥。
当立方体被放置在平整面上，可能表现得缺乏视觉浮力。哈玛舍尔德立方体被放置在微微金字塔状隆起的场地，其中长边位于入口一侧，另外三边保持相等。
对周边场地条件的开发紧随其后。其范围是先在的基本条件之一。需要一个沉思的区域，因此引入了自然。一道高墙界定了整个纪念区的范围，入口大门、视窗等一些列开口跃然其上。
穿过大门之后，参观者将面对一片森林般茂密的树林，树林中有五条笔直的道路指引他们通向纪念堂。参观者可以选择沿其中任何一条走到金字塔形基地前的中央平台。其中只有一条位于立方体入口轴线上的路是最宽阔且笔直的。这片森林可以作为沉思的地方。从立方体纪念堂出来，我们潜在的到访者可能会散步到东侧，在那儿可以看到那条河以及一大片镜面水池，以此作为纪念堂以及瞻仰哈玛舍尔德流线的终点。
哈马舍尔德纪念馆的正轴测图开启了未来“菱形宫”研究中关于正轴测投影体系的“微弱低语”。
本篇英文原稿及插图来自于Mask of Medusa，by John Hejduk；
Dag Hammarskjöld（达格·哈马舍尔德），瑞典政治家，生于1905年，1953-1961年任联合国秘书长，1961年9月乘飞机前往刚果调停战火，途经北罗得西亚恩多拉（今赞比亚），失事身亡。于逝世一个月后获得诺贝尔和平奖。
这个项目是平行于“德克萨斯住宅研究”进行的。
