【TED演讲稿】以土着遗产为主导的持久性保护

TED演讲者：Adjany Costa / Adjany Costa

演讲标题：Lasting conservation, led by Indigenous heritage / 以土着遗产为主导的持久性保护

内容概要：Conservation champion and TED Fellow Adjany Costa is on a mission to empower Indigenous communities. Instead of imposing pre-designed policy and plans on local people, she says, conservation efforts should center those who know the land best, enabling them to tailor solutions to their unique environmental, social and economic realities. She presents a roadmap for Indigenous communities to take back ownership of their heritage and reclaim stewardship of their land. "Real community-based conservation ... fosters fierce independence," Costa says.

保护冠军和 TED 研究员阿佳妮·科斯塔（Adjany Costa ）的任务是赋予原住民社区权力。她说，保护工作不应该把预先设计好的政策和计划强加给当地人，而应该以最了解土地的人为中心，使他们能够根据自己独特的环境、社会和经济现实制定解决方案。她为原住民社区收回对其遗产的所有权并重新获得对其土地的管理权提供了一个路线图。科斯塔说："真正基于社区的保护…培养了强烈的独立性。"

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【1】Imagine if you live at the center of a global conservation spotlight, but you have no voice.

想象一下,如果你生活在 全球保护焦点的中心, 但你却没有发言权。

【2】Your aspirations are not valid, and your knowledge does not count.

你的愿望是无效的, 你的知识也不算数。

【3】Sadly, this happens very often in local communities of key ecosystems around the world.

可悲的是,这种情况经常发生在 主要生态系统的当地社区, 遍及世界各地。

【4】In conservation, my field of work, I call it community-based conservation washing, which is basically when conservation organizations claim to work for communities

在保护领域,也就是我的工作领域, 我把它称为“以社区 为基础的保护”清洗, 这基本上就是当保护组织 声称为社区工作,

【5】only to inform and impose pre-designed conservation plans instead of including them, misguiding media and funding sources.

只是为了告知和强制实行 预先设计好的保护计划, 而不是将社区居民考虑在内, 这会误导媒体和资金支援。

【6】Think of greenwashing, and then apply it to conservation.

想一想 “漂绿“, 然后将其应用于保护。

【7】Hopefully we can all agree that approach is not right, and it needs to be tackled.

希望我们都能同意 这种做法是不对的, 它需要被解决。

【8】And how about we start by twisting classic community-based conservation questions upside down?

我们可不可以 彻底颠覆以往基于 社区的保护问题呢？

【9】Say, instead of wondering how to bring science and policy to communities, how about we find a way to bring the voice and centenary knowledge of communities to research and policy making?

与其琢磨如何把科学 和政策带入社区, 不如我们找到一种方法, 把社区的声音 和沉淀百年的知识带入 研究和政策制定中去怎么样？

【10】But see, the answer to such questions is never a one-size-fits-all solution, because it needs to be tailored to the unique environmental, social and economic realities of each community.

但是请注意,这种问题的答案从来都不是 一个放之四海而皆准的解决方案, 因为它需要根据 每个社区独特的环境、 社会和经济实际情况进行调整。

【11】Let me give you some context.

让我给你一些背景信息。

【12】I get to work in one of the most incredible wetland systems on Earth.

我曾经在地球上最不可思议的 湿地系统之一工作。

【13】The sources of the Kavango Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation area, KAZA for short.

卡万戈-赞比西河（Kavango Zambezi） 跨越边界保护区的发源地。 简称“卡赞”（KAZA）。

【14】But now KAZA spreads through five countries and is home to iconic African wildlife, incredible landscapes, like the Okavango Delta, and up to 2.5 million people.

但现在,“卡赞”覆盖五个国家, 囊括非洲代表性的野生生态、 美不胜收的风景, 如奥卡万戈（Okavango）三角洲, 和多达 250 万人口的家园。

【15】Its sources in eastern Angola are the heart, the lungs and the backbone of the entire KAZA, yet they’re unprotected.

它在安哥拉（Angola）东部的源头是 整个“卡赞”的心脏、肺部 和骨干, 但它们却没有得到保护。

【16】In one of the many research trips I've done to the area, I met Mama Lerógio, the oldest lady of a Luchaze village, and she was genuinely surprised to still see me alive.

在我对该地区进行的 多次研究旅行中, 我遇到了 莱罗吉奥（Lerógio）女士, 卢卡兹（Luchaze）村 最年长的女士, 看到我还活着,她真的很惊讶。

【17】She told me the story of the Mukissi, this mythical, giant snake-like creature that protects the rivers and thus life.

她给我讲了 姆基斯（Mukissi）的故事, 神话中的巨蛇状生物, 保护着河流,从而保护着生命。

【18】And she told me that if the Mukissi spared me, my life, after spending four months in dugout canoes from the sources to the Okavango delta in Botswana, it meant it trusted me.

她告诉我,如果姆基斯放过我, 我的生命, 当我在独木舟上呆了四个月后, 从源头到博茨瓦纳奥卡万戈三角洲, 这意味着它信任我。

【19】And if it did, so could they, the Luchaze people.

如果是这样, 他们卢卡兹人也可以做到。

【20】But see, most Luchaze children do not know of the Mukissi or any other local tale.

但是,大多数卢卡兹的孩子 不知道姆基斯 或任何当地故事。

【21】And that is because the 40-plus year-long war they have endured has created a gap in storytelling and has stripped away ownership of their heritage.

这是因为他们所经历的 长达 40 多年的战争 造成了讲故事方面的空白, 并剥夺了他们对传统的所有权。

【22】So now the ancient wisdom, which is key to stewardship, is locked in the older, disappearing generations.

因此,古老的智慧, 也就是管理工作的关键, 被封闭在老一辈人身上, 消失在代代流传中。

【23】And so we started this journey to bring back these stories as an effort to restore pride and ownership.

因此,我们开始了这个过程, 以找回这些故事, 努力重拾自豪感 和曾经拥有的东西。

【24】Oral storytelling has always played a fundamental role, not only in African culture but in conservation efforts, too.

口口相传一直发挥着重要作用, 不仅在非洲文化中, 而且在保护工作中也是如此。

【25】We also do mapping exercises to help villagers visualize the influence and impact not only of their land, but also of their daily actions beyond their geographic reach.

我们还进行绘图练习, 来帮助村民直观了解其中的作用 和巨大影响,不仅是他们的土地, 还有他们在地理 范围以外的日常行动。

【26】To give them a sense of importance to counteract how they felt abandoned all these years.

给他们一种被重视的感觉, 以抵消他们这些年来被抛弃的感觉。

【27】And we also help give them back the power of decision by instigating curiosity on alternative livelihoods that they can trial on.

我们还帮助他们重新获得决策权, 通过激发他们尝试 其他维持生计方式的好奇心。

【28】All of this in an effort to bring back ownership of their heritage and make them stewards of their own land and also of their own future.

所有这些努力都是为了 让他们重新拥有自己的遗产, 使他们成为自己土地 和自己未来的管理者。

【29】But see, through the years, that trust that I've mentioned before, grew stronger.

但是请看,通过这些年, 我之前提到的那种信任, 变得越来越强。

【30】So now they scold me, they teach, they feed, they protect me, they tell me secrets of their traditions.

所以现在他们骂我,他们教我, 他们喂我,他们保护我, 他们告诉我他们传统的秘密。

【31】Children tease me and call me names, but I will never be one of them.

孩子们取笑我,给我起绰号, 但我永远不会成为他们中的一员。

【32】And thus they will never fully, truly trust me.

因此,他们永远不会完全、 真正地信任我。

【33】But that is the point of this whole talk.

但这正是整个演讲的重点。

【34】They're not supposed to trust me, you or anyone else coming in with a grand plan to save the world.

他们不应该相信我、你, 或其他任何带着拯救世界的 宏伟计划而来的人。

【35】They're supposed to trust themselves.

他们应该相信他们自己。

【36】Real community-based conservation goes much beyond ensuring an elder has a ceremonial seat at the table and is interviewed.

真正的以社区为基础的保护 远远超出了确保长者在餐桌上 有一个礼仪性的席位 并接受采访。

【37】It fosters fierce independence, doesn't further dependency.

它培养了强烈的独立性, 而不是进一步的依赖。

【38】Lasting conservation comes from within.

持久的保护来自内部。

【39】From believing, from belonging, from dreaming.

来自相信,来自归属感,来自梦想。

【40】So whether you are a conservationist yourself or a donor or a media outlet, or maybe just plain curious, let's be vessels for that, for stewardship, for ownership, for pride.

因此,无论你自己是环保主义者, 还是一个捐赠者或一个媒体机构, 或者只是单纯的好奇, 让我们成为这方面的载体, 为了管理,为了所有权, 为了自豪感。

【41】Don’t just tick the boxes.

不要只是在方框里打勾。

【42】Ask the difficult questions.

要问一些困难的问题。

【43】And always wonder: Are we working for communities or with communities?

并始终思考。 我们是“为”社区工作 还是“与”社区一起工作呢？

【44】Thank you.

谢谢你们。

【45】(Applause)