【中英双语】任何工作都必备的五项技能，看看你都有吗？
5 Essential Soft Skills to Develop in Any Job
被解雇总是会让人备受打击——即使你可能已经提前预料到了。如果能拿到一笔离职金，或许短期内会感觉还不错，但可能有一天你得去找个本行业外的工作用以支付生活开销（可能是零售业、食品服务或者酒店行业）。不过，找这样一份工作仍然能推动你的事业发展。
Being laid off is a shock — even if you see it coming. If you’re eligible for severance pay, you might feel okay for a while, but there may come a point when you need to take a job outside of your profession to pay the bills (maybe in retail, food service, or hospitality). But landing a job outside of your industry can still move your career forward.
以下我们将介绍在非原行业工作时可以实操和学习的技能，以及如何将它们写入简历中。
Here are the skills you can practice and learn while working outside of your chosen field, and how to position them on your resume.
在新工作中可以打磨的技能
Skills to hone when you’re in the role
若有可能，要找机会应用你原专业中积累的硬技能。比如，你原来在一家科技公司做财务，现在在当地餐馆做老板或者服务生，想一下自己是否可以在夜晚结束时进行对账，或者为订购食物、饮料和其他用品进行财务规划，以减少浪费。
If possible, look for ways to practice the hard skills from your profession. For example, if you worked in finance at a tech company and are now working as a host or server at a local restaurant, ask if you can do the reconciliation at the end of the night or the financial planning or modeling for ordering food, beverages, and supplies to cut down on waste.
如果没法应用硬技能，那就关注一些软技能，后者在各行各业都是必备的。不在原行业工作时，想想如何能培养或者提高这五项软技能：
If you can’t use your hard skills, focus on soft skills, which are needed in every job in every industry. Consider how you can develop or improve these five soft skills while working outside of your chosen field:
1、有效沟通
任何行业的工作都有机会提高你的沟通技能，能够替听众将复杂的问题简单化是一项至关重要的能力。借助新工作来调整与每一位听众的沟通，并关注他们的反应。哪些话有用？哪些无效？比如有的人喜欢直接指导，有的人喜欢启发式引导。对于前者，在沟通中直接提供指导；对于后者，要保持好奇心，像老师一样允许他们自己想出解决办法。以每个人喜欢的方式跟他们进行沟通，这对几乎所有商业领域的成功都至关重要。
Effective communication
Working in any industry affords the opportunity to improve your communication skills. Being able to take complex problems and simplify them for all audiences is a critical capability. Use the new job to work on adjusting your communication to each audience you interact with and see how they receive what you say. What worked? What didn’t? For example, some people like direction and some people like to be empowered. For those who like direction, provide guidance in your communication, and for those who like to be empowered, be curious and coach to allow them to come up with their own resonant solutions. Delivering communication to each audience in the way they like to receive it is crucial for success in nearly every business.
2、团队合作
在不同的工作岗位上，你可能有机会提高自己的团队工作技能。例如，你能学习并应用新方法来解决冲突吗？你能提高协调各利益相关方的能力吗？与性格迥异、观点不同的新同事共事，能够获得更多机会来提高这些人际交往的技能。
Teamwork
Depending on what kind of employment you found, you may have the opportunity to elevate your teamwork capabilities. For example, can you learn and practice new ways to resolve conflicts? Can you advance your ability to align stakeholders? Working with new people who have different personalities and perspectives will always provide opportunities to increase these interpersonal skills.
3、非权力影响
在非原行业工作，你可能会用到原来的工作经验。比如，我之前的一位客户丢掉了销售工作，之后在她父亲的一家小型营销机构边上班边继续找工作。她的销售经验使她很清楚哪些推销策略有效、哪些无效，但她父亲认为自己知道怎样对公司而言才是最好的。所以她要费好大的劲才能说服父亲换一种思考方式。在两次无果的尝试后，她学会了从父亲的角度看待事情，并且以他的节奏来推进改革。她成功了，父亲鼓励她尝试新的方法，后来业务量增长了20%。在成功推动父亲的生意时，她也学会了如何更加有效地施加影响，这也对她的下一步职业发展很有帮助。
Influencing without authority
If you take a job in an industry outside your current career path, you may be able to use your experience to influence how the business runs. For example, I once had a client who lost her sales job and worked for her father at his small marketing agency while she continued to job search. Her experience in sales gave her great exposure to which marketing tactics work and which don’t. But her father believed he knew what was best for his company. She had to work incredibly hard to influence him to think in a different way. After two unsuccessful attempts, she worked to see things from her father’s perspective and brought him along on the journey of change at his pace. It worked, and her father encouraged her to try her approach, which increased business by 20%. While she was successful in driving her father’s business, she was also successful in learning how to influence more effectively, and that helped her in her next career move.
4、问题解决能力
任何工作都有挑战。擅长解决问题——包括理解问题和根本原因，之后集思广益想出解决方案和替代方案——体现了一个人逻辑推理的结构性思维。所以，要寻找新工作中的挑战并通过创新性、建设性的方法解决问题。一旦实施了最佳方案，还要确定是否需要进行调整以确保长期成功。
Problem solving
Every job has challenges, some more complex than others. Being adept at problem solving — which includes understanding the problem and root cause, then brainstorming solutions and alternatives — shows structured thinking with logic-based reasoning. Look for challenges in the new job and actively work to solve problems in creative and constructive ways. Once you’ve implemented the best solution, determine if adjustments need to be made to ensure long-term success.
5、领导力
领导力指的是引导并影响他人最大化其能力以实现某个集体目标。或许你想要成为原工作领域的经理但一直没有机会，又或者你之前已经做过经理。无论哪种情况，都可以在任何工作中培养提高你的领导技能，在这些工作中你会提高倾听、指导和引导能力，带领团队朝同一个方向前进。你还可以借助自己的领导经验帮助下一代人培养领导技能，使他们完成职业目标。
Leadership
Leadership is about guiding and influencing others to maximize their capabilities to achieve a collective goal. Perhaps you want to be a manager in your chosen field and haven’t had the opportunity, or you’ve been a manager before. Either way, you can develop or improve your leadership skills in any job where you want to advance your listening, coaching, and guiding capabilities to align a group of people to move toward the same direction. You can also use any leadership experience you have to help the next generation develop their own leadership skills, which will help them achieve their career goals.
如何在简历中展现以上技能
How to translate these skills on your resume
在被解雇的头几个月，可以不将非原行业的新工作写在简历上。但六个月后如果你还在原行业找工作的话，就得展示出自己一直没扔掉的相关技能。
For the first few months after being laid off, you can leave a new job outside your industry off your resume. But if you’re still seeking employment in your chosen field after six months, you’ll want to show you’re keeping relevant skills fresh.
在简历上写工作经历时，要将经历与职业路径相结合。例如，如果你的职业一直是市场营销，而现在你在一家零售店工作，那简历上需要这样来介绍目前的这份工作：
When positioning your job on your resume, tie the experience to your career path. For example, if your career has always been in marketing and you’re working at a retail store, your resume could reflect your current job like this:
零售助理【零售店名】
● 通过亲身观察和交流建立起对顾客的深层次理解，为店铺陈列提供专业建议以突出假日营销活动。
● 与其他部门同事及外部供应商进行跨职能合作，以创新性的方法解决问题，推动业务发展。
● 适应不断调整的工作优先级，激励团队成员按时完成各项任务并为自己的工作感到自豪。
Retail Associate[Retail store name]
● Develop deep understanding of consumers through in-person observation and interaction, and provide expertise on store displays to highlight holiday marketing campaigns.
● Collaborate cross functionally with colleagues in other departments and external vendors to creatively solve problems in innovative ways that drive business.
● Adapt to changing priorities while inspiring team members to meet all deadlines and take pride in their work.
这些文字包含了营销工作职责的关键词以及营销行业的必备技能，但没有提到收银台工作或者给货架上货。虽然后者可能是你每天的主要工作，但这些技能与营销之间并无直接关联。
This language includes keywords from marketing job descriptions and includes the skills needed in the marketing field. It doesn’t include working the cash register or stocking shelves, which may be most of your daily work responsibilities, because those skills aren’t directly relevant to marketing.
为避免技能生疏，你也可以在这段时间参加一些专业课程。如果有的话一定要在简历上着重强调一下，比如：
To keep your skills fresh, you may also decide to take some professional courses during this time. If you do, be sure to highlight them on your resume as well. For example:
继续教育
● 由谷歌授予的数字营销证书——Coursera在线课程（2022年12月）
● 《如何写出爆款文案》——Skillshare在线课程（2023年01月）
● 内容营销认证——HubSpot学院（2023年02月）
Continuing Education:
● Digital Marketing Certificate developed by Google – Coursera.org (December 2022)
● How to Write Copy That Sells – Skillshare (January 2023)
● Content Marketing Certification – HubSpot Academy (February 2023)
从事你所在行业之外的工作，其实展现了你的职业道德、责任心以及做任何事情来养活自己和家人的意愿，同时也表明了你愿意灵活工作，足够坚定与机智以承担一项从未做过的工作。不要低估自我驱动和坚持不懈的价值，任何雇主都会很高兴招收一位已证明自己愿意参与各领域工作并能努力坚持下来的员工。
Taking a job outside your industry shows work ethic, accountability, and willingness to jump in and do anything to support yourself and your family. It also shows you’re willing to be flexible and can take on work you’ve never done before because you’re determined and resourceful. Don’t underestimate the value of self-motivation and perseverance. Any new employer would be thrilled to have someone who has demonstrated they’re willing to be involved in all areas of a job and do the hard work to persevere.
关键词：职场
马洛·莱昂斯（Marlo Lyons）| 文
马洛·莱昂斯是一名经认证的职业生涯指导师和战略家、人力资源主管，也是《想要一份新职业：转向新职业或寻找梦想工作的权威指导手册》一书的作者。
何婧 | 译 周强 | 编校
