英语兔语法合集系列（八）使役动词

八、使役动词 使役动词是英语动词的一种，通常表达的含义是使、让、令等。其后除了要接宾语，还要接宾语补语包括：动词原形、裸不定式、形容词、副词，过去分词等。 1.As you may know,I usually eat quite a lot of carrots when I teach grammar. 你可能知道，我教语法时经常吃很多胡萝卜。 know,eat,teach后跟一个宾语就能使意义完整。如：know the fact,eat carrots,teach grammar. 但在句子如I make the wolf eat carrots from time to time.中，make这个动词接上宾语之后表达的意思并不完整，比如这里make the wolf表达的意思是我使狼，意思并不完整。这类词（有使、让、令等意思的词，即使役动词）后面除了接宾语，还要补充宾语补语来使句意的表达趋于完整。 2.make（隐含意义强迫或需要某人做某事） I make the wolf eat（动词原形） carrots from time to time. 我使狼也偶尔吃些胡萝卜 eat和make两个都是动词原形，则make是谓语动词，而eat是不定式，只不过不加to而已，一般这种将to省略的不定式称其为祼不定式。很多所谓的动词原形就是裸不定式。 I can eat carrots. 这种make后跟的祼不定式的eat和助动词后跟的真正动词原形eat是不一样的。 The carrot made the wolf full（形容词宾补）. 3.let（隐含意义为允许某人做某事，但不绝对） I'll let wolf eat some chocolate. Let me out！（out为副词而非介词，作宾语补语） 4.have ①表有：I Have a pen.I have an apple. ②做助动词：I have eaten the apple. ③做使役动词（隐含意义为给某人一个责任、任务做某事）： I'll have the wolf（宾语） wash the dishes. I had someone wash my car. I had someone do my nails. 我让某人修了指甲 someone这种不明确的宾语可省略 I had my car washed. I had my nails done. 以上两句中宾语从someone变成了更具体的my car,my nails.宾语补语变成了过去分词，相当于被动： My car was washed （by someone）as I wanted. My nails were done（by someone）as I wanted. I'll have the dishes washed. ④have＋宾语＋过去分词也可能没有任务的含义 也可能是遭遇不幸。如 I have my carrot stolen yesterday. 我的胡萝卜昨天被偷了 5.get（通常隐含意义为说服、鼓励某人做某事） I got a letter from a friend. Do you get what I mean? I'll get the wolf to clean the kitchen after she washes the dishes. get的宾语后要接完整动词不定式，即带to的不定式，而不能是裸不定式。 I'll have someone wash my car for 100 yuan. 我会让人100块就把我车洗了。 I'll get the wolf to wash my car for free. 我会（想办法）让狼免费给我洗车。 I'll get someone to wash my car for 100 Yuan.我会说服某人100块就把我的车洗了。 这里别人洗车隐含的意义是自己占了大便宜，要去说服别人帮你洗才行。 I got my nails done.和I had my nails done都表示我让人修了指甲，大意基本没区别。