维多利亚3开发日志#45 | 5/5 选举
牧游社 牧有汉化翻译
Dev Diary #45 – Elections
neondt, Content Designer
Good evening and welcome once again to a Victoria 3 Development Diary! Today's topic is elections. We'll be covering the various laws that enable and affect voting, as well as the progression of Election Campaigns and how they affect political power in your country. We'll briefly be mentioning Political Parties in this dev diary, but they're not the focus of this week - more on that next time! For now, I'll just say that Political Parties in Victoria 3 exist in democracies and are made up of alliances of Interest Groups.
大家晚上好！欢迎来到最新一期的维多利亚3开发日志！本周日志的主题是选举。我们将涵盖支持和影响投票的各种法律、竞选活动的进展以及它们对政治权力的影响。我们将在本日志中简要介绍政党，但它们不是本周的重点——因为下周才轮到他们！现在，我先明确一下，维多利亚3中的政党存在于民主政体中，并由利益集团联盟组成。
A country has Elections if it has any of the Distribution of Power laws that enable voting:
如果一个国家有任何允许投票的权力分配法案，那么它就有选举：
Landed Voting: Aristocrats, Capitalists, Clergymen, and Officers hold essentially all voting power, gaining a huge bonus to the Political Strength they contribute to their Interest Groups.
地产投票权：贵族、资本家、神职人员和官员基本垄断所有选票，他们给自己的利益集团贡献政治力量会获得巨大增益。
Wealth Voting: There is a Wealth Threshold that determines a pop's eligibility to vote. Pops that can vote have more Political Strength.
财产投票权：投票的资格有财产门槛。可以投票的人口拥有更多的政治力量。
Census Suffrage: The Wealth Threshold is significantly lower than in Wealth Voting. Literate pops contribute much more Political Strength to their Interest Groups.
资格性选举权：财产门槛明显低于财产投票权。有文化的人口为他们的利益集团贡献更多的政治力量。
Universal Suffrage: There is no Wealth Threshold for voting. Pop type and literacy do not grant additional Political Strength. Though of course a pop's wealth will continue to contribute to their Political Strength, and Literacy will make pops more politically engaged.
普遍选举权：投票没有财富门槛。人口类型和文化不带来额外的政治力量。当然，人口的财富仍将为他们的政治力量做出贡献，而识字率将提升人口的政治参与度。
Under the Wealth Voting Law, political power is held by the pops (and their Interest Groups) who can accumulate the most wealth, and largely denied entirely to the destitute. This naturally favors Aristocrats and the Landowners in more agricultural economies, while favoring Capitalists and the Industrialists in more industrialized economies.在财产投票权下，政治权力由能够积累最多财富的人口（及其利益集团）掌握，而穷人的投票权则在很大程度上被完全剥夺。这自然有利于农业经济中的贵族和地主，而工业化程度更高的经济体中资本家和工业家则更为获利。
All of these laws are compatible with any of the Governance Principles laws. A country with the Monarchy law for instance could be an absolute monarchy with no voting system at all, or it could have Universal Suffrage - likewise a Republic might very well be a presidential dictatorship. If you are so inclined, you could even create a Council Republic or Theocracy that uses Wealth Voting (though it would be bound to create some political conflict, to put it lightly).
上述所有法律都与任一“政府原则”类别的法律都兼容。例如，一个拥有君主制的国家可能是一个完全没有投票制度的绝对君主制国家，或者它也可能是一个有普选权的君主国——同样，一个共和国很可能是一个总统独裁政权。如果愿意，您甚至可以创建一个使用财产加权投票的议会共和国或神权政治（当然，说得轻巧，这势必会造成一些政治冲突）。
There are three factors that, when applicable, will prevent pops from voting entirely:
在适用的情况下，有三个因素会阻止人口完全践行自己的选举权：
1.Discrimination. Discriminated pops cannot vote in Elections.
1、歧视。受歧视的人口不能在选举中投票。
2.Living in an Unincorporated State. Only pops living in Incorporated States can participate in Elections. Pops living in, for example, a growing colony cannot vote.
2、居住在未整合地区。只有居住在已整合地区的人口才能参加选举。例如，居住在发展中的殖民地的人口不能投票。
3.Politically Inactive pops do not vote, regardless of whether they are "legally" eligible. These pops are not part of any Interest Group, and tend to have low Literacy and/or Standard of Living. Peasants working in Subsistence Farms, for instance, are almost always Politically Inactive.
3、政治上不活跃的人口不能投票，无论他们是否能“合法”投票。 这些人口不属于任何利益集团，并且往往识字率和/或生活水平较低。例如，在自给农场工作的农民几乎总是在政治上不活跃。
In 1913, suffragette Emily Davison was killed by the king's horse during a race. A passionate believer in her cause, she had been arrested repeatedly by the British government and force-fed while on hunger strikes.1913年，妇女选举权主义者艾米丽戴维森在一场比赛中被国王的马杀死。她是自己事业的狂热信徒，曾多次被英国政府逮捕，并在绝食期间强行灌食。
女权主义者遇害
伦敦各郡的事件
今日一名争取妇女投票权的活动家在德比附近遇害，凶手为汉诺威的威廉的一匹马。
“有人天生即战士。但真正的女战士是那些愿为她们的性别争取自由珍珠而奋斗至死的勇士们。”
- 如果基础的人权都被落实，没人会死！
- 我们不能为如此蠢事扩展政治权利。
This is a good opportunity to talk about the women's suffrage movement. In Victoria 3, passing the Women's Suffrage Law will greatly increase both your Workforce Ratio and your Dependent Enfranchisement. This means that a greater proportion of pops will be eligible to work in Buildings, and a much greater proportion of Dependents will now count towards the voting power of their pop. There will be very little support among Interest Groups to pass this Law in 1836 however. After researching Feminism (or having the technology spread to your country), politicians will begin to appear with the Feminist ideology, which causes them to strongly approve of Women's Suffrage and disapprove of less egalitarian laws. Once you research Political Agitation, the suffrage movement will begin in full force. The 'Votes for Women' Journal Entry will appear, and events will trigger from it that will give you the opportunity to grow or suppress the Political Movement. You can complete the Journal Entry by passing the Law and having your first Election Campaign with women eligible to vote; alternatively you can ignore or suppress the movement until it loses its momentum and withers away.
这是一个谈论妇女选举权运动的好机会。在维多利亚3中，通过妇女选举权法案将大大提高劳动力占比和受抚养人口选举权。这意味着更大比例的人口能在建筑中工作，并且更大比例的受抚养人口能获得他们所在人口的投票权。然而，利益集团很少支持在1836年通过该法案。在研究女权主义科技（或者在该科技扩散过来）之后，政客中将出现女权主义意识形态的支持者，这导致他们强烈支持妇女选举权，并反对不那么平等的法律。一旦你研究了政治鼓动，选举权运动就会轰轰烈烈地进行。“女性投票权”任务日志将会出现，并且会触发事件，让您有机会发展或压制政治运动。您可以通过相关法律，并让有资格投票的女性进行首次竞选活动，以完成这个任务日志；或者，您可以忽略或压制运动，直到它失去动力并消失。
Why, you ask, would you want to suppress the suffrage movement? If you're striving for an egalitarian society you certainly wouldn't. But if instead you're trying to preserve the aristocracy and maintain a conservative nation then not only will your ruling Interest Groups strongly disapprove of Women's Suffrage but it will also be very harmful to their political power. Greater Dependent Enfranchisement inherently benefits larger pops more than smaller pops (especially under more egalitarian Laws like Universal Suffrage where wealth counts for less), and it is inevitable that there are vastly more Laborers, Machinists, and Farmers than there ever will be Aristocrats or Capitalists. Pops may begin to wonder why the Lower Strata, the largest class, does not simply eat the other two.
那么，为什么你想要打压选举权运动呢？如果你在争取一个平等的社会，那么自然你就不会这么做。但是，如果你在试图保留贵族统治且维护保守的国家，你执政的利益集团不但会极度反对妇女参政权，而且他们的政治力量也会受到极大的损害。受抚养人口的参政权越大，则对较大的Pops比较小的Pops更加有利（特别是像在普选这样更平等的法律之下，财富的权重更小），而且不可避免的是，劳工、机械师和农民比贵族或资本家要多得多。Pops可能会开始想，为什么底层阶级作为人数最多的阶级，不简单地解决掉其他两个阶级呢？
The Whigs took a catastrophic hit in the polls after I repeatedly fired a negative election event to test the system.在我反复发起负面选举事件以测试系统之后，辉格党在民调中收到了灾难性的打击。
Elections happen every 4 years in countries with voting laws. An Election Campaign begins 6 months prior to a country's Election date. Each Political Party is assigned a Momentum value at the beginning of the Campaign, which is a measure of the success of their campaign and is a major factor in determining how many Votes they will garner on election day. During this campaign, Momentum will fluctuate for each of the running Political Parties and impact the final result. Since Parties, Leaders, and many other aspects of the political scene in your country are likely to have changed in the years since the previous election, the Momentum from previous elections does not carry over and is reset. Momentum can be affected by chance, events, and the Popularity of Interest Group Leaders.
在有选举法律的国家，大选每四年举行一次。竞选活动在大选日前六个月开始。每个政党在活动开始前就会被分配给一个动量Momentum值，用来衡量它们竞选是否会成功，以及决定它们在大选日会获得多少选票。在大选活动中，每个活跃政党的动量值会不断波动，并影响最终大选结果。由于政党、领导人以及政治舞台的其它方面在过去几年中发生了许多变化，上一届大选的动量值不会延续而是会被重置。动量值会受到机会、事件和利益集团领导人受欢迎程度的影响。
The Tories' success in the last election empowered the Landed Gentry, though the sheer wealth of their aristocratic supporters is still the largest contributor to their Political Strength under Great Britain's Wealth Voting law.托利党在上次选举中的成功增强了地主阶级的权力，尽管根据英国的财产投票法，其贵族支持者的纯粹财富仍是其政治力量的最大贡献者。
When the Election Campaign ends, the votes are in and the results are set in place until the next election. Interest Groups receive additional Political Strength from their party's Votes, which will be a major factor determining your Legitimacy and therefore the effectiveness of your government. The actual makeup of your government is still up to you; just like the electoral systems of most modern countries, winning the popular vote does not automatically mean that a certain party or coalition of parties gets to form a government. But the post-election strength of your Interest Groups and their Party affiliations should be a major consideration, especially if you're forming a minority government.
当选举活动结束之后，本次的选票已经入箱、选情已经敲定。利益集团会从其政党的选票中获得额外的政治力量，这将作为决定执政合法性和政府效率的主要因素。实际上的政府组成仍然由你决定：正如大多数现代国家的选举制度一样，赢得选战并不代表某个政党或政治联盟会自动组建政府。但是，利益集团以及他们的党派在选举后得到的政治力量应该作为一个主要考量，特别是如果你组建的是一个少数派政府的话。
In Victoria 3, Elections can be a powerful force for political change but also a source of volatility. Dealing with (and if you're so inclined, manipulating) Election results will be a major consideration when you form your governments. In this dev diary I've mentioned Political Parties, and we know you're eager to hear more about them since the last time we communicated on the topic. You'll be pleased to discover that in next week's dev diary we'll be covering our design for Political Parties in more detail, so watch this space!
在维多利亚3中，选举既可以是政治变革的重大力量，也可以是动荡的来源。处理（或者更倾向于“操纵”）选举结果是组建政府时一个重要的考虑。在这个日志里咱们聊到了政党，同时我们也知道在上次讨论这个话题之后，你们就一直很想听到关于这些话题的更多内容。下周的日志我们会更详细介绍政党系统，所以瞧好了！
翻译：莱恩希德公爵 没有V3正式版玩我要死了
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