考研英语高效阅读—2019考研英语 (一)
考研英语高效阅读—2019考研英语 (一)
Text 1
P1 Financial regulations in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks. Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main purpose of this “clawback” rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institution. Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long term decision-making not only by banks but also bu all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations.
重点词汇：
impose a rule on 强制实行规定
guaranteed bonus 担保奖金
under investigation 处在调查中
executive [n.] 主管，经理
wrongdoing [n.] 违法行为
clawback [n.] 回收款
hold…accountable 追究责任
restore public trust 挽回公众信任
21. According to Paragraph 1, one motive in imposing the new rule is the_________.
A. enhance banker’s sense of responsibility
B. help corporations achieve larger profits
C. build a new system of financial regulation
D. guarantee the bonuses of top executives
题干关键词：
原文关键词
文章定位
考点标志
Motive
Purpose
P1L4
引号
答案：A
文章定位
原文关键词
选项关键词
解题方法
P1L3-4
accountable
responsibility
同义词
解析：考查积极词汇（表明作者观点的重要形容词、副词、动词、名词），文章P1L4中的accountable(负有责任的)与21题中的responsibility对应，属于同义表达，故答案A。
P2 “Short-termism” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies, says the Bank of England’s top economist. Andrew Haldane. He quotes a giant of classical economies, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like “Children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once” rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.
重点词汇：quick profit 暴利
publicly traded company 上市公司
worsen [v.] 恶化
quarterly [adj.] 每季的
giant [n.] 伟人
plum [n.] 李子
pudding [n.] 布丁
put aside 放到一边（备用）
22. Alfred Marshall is quoted to indicate_________.
A. the conditions for generating quick profits
B. governments’ impatience in decision-making
C. the solid structure of publicly traded companies
D. “short-termism” in economics activities
题干关键词：
原文关键词
文章定位
考点标志
Alfred Marshall
原词
P2L3
引号
答案：D
文章定位
原文关键词
选项关键词
解题方法
P2L3-4
at once
short-termism
同义词
解析：考查引号句、对比关系。P2L3-4引用了Alfred Marshall的话，其中at once 和last形成对比关系，at once与选项D中的short-termism对应，故答案为D。
词汇：short-termism [n.] 短期主义（只注重短期收益的思维方式）
P3 The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain, he notes, has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. Transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firm’s efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty. This has been dubbed “quarterly capitalism”.
重点词汇：hold a stock 持股
quarterly profits 季度利润
hinder [v.] 阻碍
customer loyalty 客户忠诚度
dub [v.] 把…称为
capitalism [n.] 资本主义
23. It is argued that the influence of transient investment on public companies can be__________.
A. indirect 间接的
B. adverse 不利的
C. minimal 微小的
D. Temporary 暂时的
题干关键词：
原文关键词
文章定位
考点标志
transient investment
transient investors
P3L2
否定词hinder
答案：B
文章定位
原文关键词
选项关键词
解题方法
P3L2-3
hinder
adverse
同义词
解析：考查积极词汇。由题干中的 transient investment可定位到文章P3L2-3，L3中的hinder （阻碍）与B选项的adverse（不利的）同义，故答案为B。
P4 In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities, quicker use of information, and thus shortens attention spans in financial markers. “There seems to be a predominance of short-term thinking at the expense of long-term investing,” said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in speech this week.
重点词汇：digital technology 数字科技
predominance [n.] 优势
equity [n.] (公司的)股本
at the expense of 以…为代价
commission [n.] 委员会
P5 In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has pushed most public companies to defer performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping reduce “short-termism.” In its latest survey of CEO pay, The Wall Street Journal finds that “ a substantial part” of executive pay is now tied to performance.
重点词汇：defer [v.] 推迟
bonus [n.] 津贴
substantial [adj.] 大量的
be tied to 与…挂钩
P6 Much more could be done to encourage “long-termism,” such as changes in the tax code and quicker disclosure of stock acquisitions. In France, shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes earn more voting rights in a company.
重点词汇：acquisition [n.] 收购
shareholder [n.] 股东
voting rights 表决权
24. The US and France examples are used to illustrate____________.
A. the obstacles to preventing “short-termism”.
B. the significance of long-term thinking.
C. the approaches to promoting “long-termism”.
D. the prevalence of short-term thinking.
题干关键词：
原文关键词
文章定位
考点标志
US
France
原词
P5L1
P6L2
强调此 at least
答案：C
文章定位
原文关键词
选项关键词
解题方法
P5L1-3
P6L2-3
defer performance bonus
reduce short-termism
at least two years
promoting “long-termism”
同义词
解析：考查时间、强调、比较级。文章P5说到美国采取行动来defer performance bonus、reduce short-termism,与C项中的promoting “long-termism”同义；P6段讲到法国的例子，其中L3中的at least表示强调，more voting是比较级值得注意，at least two years与promoting “long-termism”对应，故答案为C。
