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第一节 句子的拆分与重组
核心原则：拆主干，补修饰
一、句子的拆分与重组
1.青藏铁路是世界最高最长的高原铁路。（“的”字前面所有去掉，就是句子主干）
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway is the highest and longest plateau railway in the wold.
2.青藏铁路大大缩短了中国内地与西藏之间的旅行时间。
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway has greatly shortened the travel time between mainland China and Tibet.
3.这座跨度巨大的钢筋混凝土大桥充分证明中国有能力建造创世界纪录的巨型建筑。
The reinforced concrete bridge with a huge span proves that China has the ability to complete record-breaking and mega-construction projects.
两个v. （1）Prove sth.证明某事 （2）prove that China has ability
4.翻译不精准，酌情减分；错误则扣分
3.真题（2019.12）
牡丹（peony）花色艳丽，形象高雅，象征着和平与繁荣，因而在中国被称为“花中之王”。中国许多地方都培育和种植牡丹。
The peony,boasting bright colors and an elegant appearance,is a symbol of peace and prosperity and thus recognized as “king of the flowers”in China.Peonies are bred and grown in many parts of the country.
现在，成千上万的国内外游客蜂拥而至到洛阳参加一年一度的牡丹节，欣赏洛阳牡丹的独特之美，同时探索九朝古都的历史。
Nowadays, thousands of tourists from home and abroad flock to Luoyang for the annual Peony Festival to admire the unique beauty of the city's peonies and explore the history of the ancient capital of nine dynasties.
二、逗号的处理方式
1.北京大兴国际机场位于天安门广场以南46公里处，于2019年9月30日投入使用。该臣型工程于2014年开工建设，高峰时工地上有4万多工人。航站楼设计紧凑，可以允许最大数量的飞机直按停靠在最靠近航楼中心的位置，这给乘客提供了极大的方便。航站楼共有82个登机口，但乘客通过安检后，只需不到8分钟就能抵达任何一个登机口。
Beijing Daxing International Airport, which is located 46 .kilometers south of the Tianan men Square, was put into operation on 30, September, 2019.
PS:汉语中，一句话中的逗号可以并列多个动词，这在中文里称为“流水句”。而英文中，一句话里，只能存在一个真正的谓语动词，剩下的动词要么时在从句里，要么以非谓语的形式出现。
2.该巨型工程于2014年开工建设，高峰时工地上有4万多工人。
This huge project started construction in 2014, with .more than 40, 000 workers on the construction site atthe peak.
3.航站楼设计紧凑，可以允许最大数量的飞机直接停靠在最靠近航站楼中心的位置，这给乘客提供了极大的方便。
The terminals feature a compact design to allow the maximum number of planes to park closest to their centre, which offers passengers great convenience.
sth. feature sth. ...有着...的特点
第二节 修饰语的处理方式
三、修饰语的处理
（一）核心原理：如何处理“的”字
1.名词修饰名词/形容词修饰名词
1.1表示被修饰物的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别—paper money
1.2名词修饰名词（最常见）—famous flowers
2. A of B=B的A
牡丹的栽培中心—a center of peony cultivation/九朝古都的历史—the history of this ancient capital of nine dynasties.
3.名词所有格=n’s
*何时用’s形式
3.1有生命的事物或自然界独一无二的事物—the world’s , people’s life
3.2表示时间、距离、金额、国家或城市的所属—the city’s scenic spots , two hours’drive
4.介词修饰名词=n+任意介词
With、by
5.定语从句修饰
5.1当‘的’字前面有动作时）
有经验的教师能够设计出适合不同学习基础学生的课程。
Experienced teachers can design courses that are tailored for students at different levels.
5.2当表示在某个时间段发生了某事
南京市已经将梅花定为市花，每年举办梅花节，成千上万的人冒着严寒到梅花山踏雪赏梅。
The city of Nanjing has designated plum blossom as the city flower and holds the flower festival every year , when tens of thousands of people braved the bitter cold to walk in the snow and appreciate the flower.（英文中逗号是有关系的，表什么逻辑关系的）
5.3当表示在某个地点发生了某事
荷花历来是诗人画家创作的重要题材。荷花盛开的地方也是许多摄影爱好者经常光顾之地。
Lotus has long been an important theme for the creation of poetas and painters and the place where lotus blossoms becomes the resort of many photography enthusiasts.
5.4介词+which引导的定语从句
这部小说采用了大量中国民间故事和神话的素材，创造了各种栩栩如生的人物和动物形象，其中最著名的就是孙悟空。
The book adopts a multitude/number of materials of Chinese folk tales and myths , creating various vivid characters and animals , among which（上文的其中）the most famous is Monkey King.
青藏铁路是世界上最高最长的高原铁路，全长1956公里，其中有960公里在海拔4000多米之上，是连接西藏和中国其他地区的第一条铁路。
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway is the highest and longest plateau railway in the world , with a total length of 1956km , of which 960km is more than 4000 meters above sea level.
5.5which句中暗含因果逻辑
针对这一问题，中国政府正开始发起低碳行动，这将推动其未来的增长，发展和能源安全目标。
In order to tackle the problem , Chinese government starts a low-carbaon action which will foster its future growth , development and energy security objectives.
6.分词修饰（n.+Ving/Ved）
（二）状语的添加
1.时间状语
1.1在...时候
at 10o’clock=at+用于某天的某个具体时间
on Monday=on+具体某天
In 2021=in+某个时间段
1.2当...时候
when/whenever... 、afer/before...、as soon as...、as...、by the time、not...until...、since
2.地点状语
2.1 这部文学作品，以三国时期的历史为背景，描写了从公元二世纪下半叶到公元三世纪的魏、蜀、吴三国之间的战争。
Against the backdrop of the Three Kingdom periods, it describes the wars among three states of Wei, Shu and Wu from the second half of the second century AD to the third century AD.
3.原因/结果/目的状语
4.条件状语
5.让步状语
6.伴随状语（伴随着主句动作发生的状态。）
6.1分词结构
6.1.1
They stand there quietly, watching a game.
The bell rings, announcing the end of the class.
The teacher stood there, surrounded by his students.Moved by the movie, we all cried.
• 两个动作都由一个主语发生的时候
6.1.2
欧盟已经成为中国的重要经贸伙伴，是中国最大的技术供应方 、第三大贸易伙伴和第五大实际投资方。
The EU has now become an important economic and trade partner of China, working as the largest technology supplier, the third largest trading partner and the fifth largest actual investor in China.
6.2with的独立主格结构
