英文科技论文写作样式指南-数字样式
英文科技论文写作样式指南-数字样式
本文英文内容摘自
"Anne M. Coghill, Lorrin R. Garson. The ACS Style Guide: Effective Communication of Scientific Information, American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2006"
第二部分(Part 2. Style Guidelines)
第11章(11. Numbers, Mathematics, and Units of Measure)
第207–210页
Style for Numbers
数字样式
Ø For very large numbers with units of measure, use scientific notation or choose an appropriate multiplying prefix for the unit to avoid numbers of more than four digits.
Ø 对于具有度量单位的非常大的数字,请使用科学记数法或为该单位选择适当的乘法前缀,以避免数字超过四位数。
例1:1.2 × 106 s
例2:3.0 × 104 kg
例3:5.8 × 10–5 M或58 μM
例4:42.3 L(而非42,300 mL或42 300 mL)
例外1:
In tables, use the same unit and multiplying prefix for all entries in a column, even if some entries therefore require four or more digits.
在表格中,对列中的所有条目使用相同的单位和乘法前缀,即使某些条目因此需要四位或四位以上的位数。
例外2:
Use the preferred unit of a discipline, even when the numbers require four or more digits:
即使数字需要四位或四位以上的位数,也要使用规程的首选单位:
g/L
for mass density of fluids
用于流体质量密度
kg/m3
for mass density of solids
用于固体质量密度
GPa
for modulus of elasticity
用于弹性模量
kPa
for fluid pressure
用于流体压力
MPa
for stress
用于压力
Ø In four-digit numbers, use no commas or spaces.
Ø 在四位数中,切勿使用逗号或空格。
例外:
Spaces or commas are inserted in four-digit numbers when alignment is needed in a column containing numbers of five or more digits.
在包含五位或五位以上位数的列中需要对齐时,会在四位数字中插入空格或逗号。
Ø When a long number cannot be written in scientific notation, the digits must be grouped. For grouping of digits in long numbers (five digits or greater), check the publication in which the manuscript will appear. Two styles are possible.
Ø 当一个长数字不能用科学记数法书写时,必须对位数进行分组。如果要将位数分组为长数字(五位或五位以上),请检查手稿将出现的出版物。可有两种样式。
样式1:
In some publications, for numbers with five or more digits, the digits are grouped with commas placed between groups of three counting to the left of the decimal point.
在一些出版物中,对于有五位或五位以上位数的数字,数字用逗号分组,逗号位于小数点左侧的三位数字之间。
例1:4837
例2:10,000
例3:930,582
例4:6,398,210
例5:85,798.62578
样式2:
In some publications (including ACS journals), for numbers with five or more digits, the digits are grouped with a thin space between groups of three, counting both to the left and to the right of the decimal point.
在一些出版物(包括ACS期刊)中,对于具有五位或五位以上位数的数字,数字以三位为一组用窄空格进行分组,从小数点的左侧和右侧计数。
例1:9319.4
例2:74 183.0629
例3:0.508 27
例4:501 736.293 810 4
例外:
U.S. monetary values are always written with commas: $5,000.
美国货币价值总是用逗号书写:$5,000。
U.S. patent numbers are always written with commas: U.S. Patent 6,555,655. The patent numbers of other countries should be presented as on the original patent document.
美国专利号总是用逗号书写:U.S. Patent 6,555,655。其它国家的专利号应与原始专利文件相同。
Page numbers in reference citations are always printed solid: p 11597.
引用文献中的页码总是用实体印刷:p 11597。
Ø Use the period as the decimal point, never a comma.
Ø 使用句点作为小数点,而非逗号。
Ø Use numerals before and after a decimal point.
Ø 小数点前后使用数字。
例1:0.25(而非 .25)
例2:78.0或78(而非 78.)
Ø Use a decimal and a zero following a numeral only when such usage truly represents the precision of the measurement: 27.0 °C and 27 °C are not interchangeable.
Ø 仅当这种用法真正代表测量精度时,才使用小数和数字后面的零:27.0 °C和27 °C不可互换。
Ø Use decimals rather than fractions with units of time or measure, except when doing so would imply an unwarranted accuracy.
Ø 对于时间或度量的单位,使用小数而非分数,除非这样做意味着不合理的准确性。
例1:3.5 h(而非3½ h)
例2:5.25 g(而非5¼ g)
Ø Standard deviation, standard error, or degree of accuracy can be given in two ways:
Ø 标准偏差、标准误差或准确度可通过两种方式给出:
with only the deviation in the least significant digit(s) placed in parentheses following the main number and closed up to it or
只有最低有效数字的偏差放在主数字后面并一直到主数字的括号中,或者
with all digits preceded by a ± and following the main number. Spaces are left on each side of the ±.
所有数字前面都加上±并后跟主数字。±的每一侧都有空格。
例1:2.0089(1)表示2.0089 ± 0.0001
例2:1.4793(23)表示1.4793 ± 0.0023
The shorter version is better in tables. Always specify which measure (e.g., standard deviation or standard error) of uncertainty is being used.
表格中的版本越短越好。始终指定使用的不确定度度量(例如,标准偏差或标准误差)。
When two numbered items are cited in narrative, use “and”.
当叙述中引用两个编号条目时,使用“and”。
例1:Figures 1 and 2
例2:refs 23 and 24
例3:compounds I and II
Use a comma between two reference callouts in parentheses or as superscripts.
在括号中的两个引用标注之间使用逗号或作为上标。
例1:Lewis (12, 13) found
例2:Lewis12,13 found
When the reference numbers are on the line, the comma is followed by a space; when the numbers are superscripts, the comma is not followed by a space.
当引文编号在行中时,逗号后跟空格;当引文编号为上标时,逗号后无空格。
Use an en dash in ranges or series of three or more numbered items, whether on the line or in a superscript.
在三个或三个以上编号条目的范围或系列中使用连接号,无论是在行中还是上标中。
43–49 aliquots of 50–100 mL
325–372 eqs 6–9
2005–2008 samples 5–10
Tables 1–4 past results (27–31)
temperatures of 100–125 °C past results27–31
refs 3–5 pp 165–172
例外1:
Do not use an en dash in expressions with the words “from … to” or “between … and”.
在使用单词“from … to”或“between … and”的表达中切勿使用连接号。
例1:from 20 to 80(而非from 20–80)
例2:between 50 and 100 mL(而非between 50–100 mL)
例外2:
When either one or both numbers are negative or include a symbol that modifies the number, use the word “to” or “through”, not the en dash.
当一个或两个数字都为负数或包含一个修饰数字的符号时,请使用单词“to”或“through”,而不是连接号。
例1:–20 to +120 K
例2:–145 to –30 °C
例3:≈50 to 60
例4:10 to >600 mL
例5:<5 to 15 mg
For ranges in scientific notation, retain all parts of all numbers or avoid ambiguity by use of parentheses or other enclosing marks.
对于科学记数法中的范围,保留所有数字的所有部分,或者使用括号或其它封闭标记来避免歧义。
例1:9.2 × 10–3 to 12.6 × 10–3或(9.2–12.6) × 10–3(而非9.2 to 12.6 × 10–3)
For very large numbers in ranges, retain all parts of all numbers.
对于范围中非常大的数字,保留所有数字的所有部分。
例1:26 million to 35 million
Do not use e or E to mean “multiplied by the power of 10”.
切勿用e或E来表示“乘以10的幂次方”。
例1:3.7 × 105(而非 3.7e5, 3.7E+5)