FRM一级考试知识介绍：How do firms manage financial risk？

How do firms manage financial risk是企业如何管理财务风险的意思，是FRM一级考试中的知识，考生一定要熟记！

1. The Role of the Board of Directors (risk management goal)

a. Management and the board need to set and communicate the firm' s risk appetite.

b. The board may wish to implement definitive and quantitative risk limits within which management is allowed to transact at its own discretion.

2. The Process of Mapping Risk (next step)

a. Mapping risks could be performed for market risk, credit risk, business risk, and operational risk

b. Hedging Operational (income statement activities) and Financial Risks (balance sheet)

3. Risk Management Instruments:

devised internally & Exchange-traded versus over-the-counter (OTC) instruments

1、董事会的作用（风险管理目标）

a、管理层和董事会需要设定和沟通公司的风险偏好

b、董事会可能希望实施明确的定量风险限额，允许管理层自行决定在该限额内进行交易

2、绘制风险图的过程（下一步）

a、 可以对市场风险、信用风险、业务风险和操作风险进行映射

b、 对冲操作（损益表活动）和财务风险（资产负债表）

3、风险管理工具：

设计内部交易与场外交易（OTC）工具