Lesson 15 Fifty pence worth of trouble 五十便士的麻烦

·单词（单词出现次数的数据来源为【不背单词】App，引用的时间是2023年11月）

appreciate v.    欣赏,感激【20】【24】

    ·appreciate music    欣赏音乐

    ·appreciate wine    品尝红酒

    ·I appreciate your help.    感谢您的帮助

    ·I appreciate it.    我很感激

    ·adj.    be appreciative of ...    对 ... 表示感激   

        ·I'm most appreciative of your concern for my health.    我特别感谢你对我健康的关心

    ·n.    in appreciation of ...    为了表达感激之情，以示感谢

        ·I sent him a gift in appreciation of his help.

    ·I'm thankful/grateful to you for your help.    我很感激你的帮助(如果知道某人，可以把 to sb. 去掉。如果知道是某事可以把 for sth. 去掉)

    ·I'm much obliged to you for your advice.    我非常感谢你的建议

    ·I'm deeply indebted to you for your enccouragement.    我深深地感激你的信任

    ·I owe you (one).    我欠你一个人情

    ·I owe you a lot.    我欠你很多

    ·I owe you a big favor.    我欠你一个大人情

pocket money    零用钱【7】【0】

    ·beer money    给老公的零花钱，给男朋友的零花钱

    ·pick one's pocket    偷某人的钱(指从口袋里用两手指夹住往外一提，把钱拿走了)

    ·pickpocket n.    扒手

    ·money burns a hole in one's pocket    存不住钱，花钱如流水，中文：烧包(有点钱总想花出去)

        ·-W: Have you saved enough to buy that new printer for your computer yet?

        ·-M: You know money seems to be burning a hole in my pocket lately. Maybe next month.

            ·Answer：He doesn't have enough money to buy a printer now.

rattle v.    格格作响 & n.    嘎嘎声，咯吱声；拨浪鼓【2】【1】

    ·The coins rattled in the money box when he shook it.    当他摇晃钱箱时，硬币在里面发出格格的响声

    ·tinkle v.    发叮当（或清脆）声 & n.    叮当声；电话通话

        ·I rang the bell and heard it tinkle inside.    我按响了门铃，听到里面叮当作响

        ·the tinkle of glass and china    玻璃和瓷器的叮当声

    ·clatter n.    哗啦声；嘈杂的谈笑声；咔嗒声(硬物落地的响声，马蹄声，打字机的声音) & vi.    发出哗啦声；喧闹的谈笑 & vt.    使卡搭卡搭的响

        ·the clatter of hooves    马蹄声

    ·chime v.    （铃或钟）鸣响，敲响 & n.    排钟，编钟；（排钟发出的）钟声

        ·The church bells chimed in the square.    教堂的钟声在广场上敲响

    ·slam v.    （使）砰地关上 & n.    猛摔（或撞等）的声音/bang n.    突然的巨响；重击，猛撞 & v.    猛敲，砰然重击；猛摔；很响地使劲关上

        ·Don't slam/bang the door.    别摔门

        ·The door shut with a slam/bang.

thrifty adj.    节俭的【0】【5】

    ·a thrifty housewife    节俭的家庭主妇

    ·frugal adj.    节俭的，节约的        economical adj.    经济实惠的；节约的；简练的

    ·贬义词：miserly adj.    吝啬的；贪婪的        stingy adj.    吝啬的，小气的

    ·wasteful adj.    浪费的，挥霍的        extravagant adj.    奢侈的，挥霍的

        ·..., he was so extravagant that he was always in debt.    他挥霍无度，总是负债累累

    ·save on ...    节约

        ·save on water/electricty    节约用 水/电

    ·economize on ...    节省

        ·economize on water/electricity    节约用 水/电

nephew n.    侄子,外甥【1】【1】

    ·niece n.    外甥女，侄女

    ·cousin n.    堂（表）兄弟，堂（表）姐妹

    ·sibling n.    兄弟姐妹(手足)

        ·sibling rivalry    兄弟姐妹之前的竞争

        ·He has two siblings, a brother and a sister.    他有两个兄弟姐妹，一个哥哥和一个妹妹

    ·aunt n.    姑妈，伯母，舅妈，阿姨，婶婶

    ·uncle n.    叔叔；伯父；伯伯；舅父；姨丈；姑父

    ·parental adj.    父母的，双亲的

    ·maternal adj.    慈母般的

    ·paternal adj.    父亲的

        ·parental/maternal/paternal affection    父母的爱
    ·filial adj.    子女的，孝顺的

        ·filial duty    子女的责任，义务

        ·filial piety    孝顺

bounce v. & n.    弹起,跳起【2】【3】

    ·bounce = bound v. & n.

    ·The ball bounced when it hit the ground.    当球击向地面时它会跳起

    ·She came bouncing in and told me the good news.    她蹦蹦跳跳地进来告诉我这个好消息

    ·That's the way the ball bounces.    本来就是这样的(用来回答傻傻的问题)

    ·by leaps and bounds：very quickly

        ·Her health is improving by leaps and bounds.    她的健康正在突飞猛进地好转

pavement n.    人行道【1】【1】

stick v.    卡住,夹住,不能再动；伸出【59】【41】

    ·The drawer sticks badly.

    ·stick to ...    粘到 ... 上；坚持做某事

    ·cling to ...

    ·adhere to ...

        ·I'll stick to my job until I finnd a better one.    在我找到更好的工作之前，我会坚持做我的工作

        ·Stick your tongue.    伸出你的舌头

        ·Stick'em up!    举起手来

        ·Freeze! Stick'em up! Your money or your life?    不许动。举起手来。要钱还是要命？

            ·Definitely my life!    肯定是要我的命

brigade n.    旅，(消防)队【0】【1】

grease n.    润滑油【0】【0】

·课文原文

    Children always appreciate small gifts of money. Mum or dad, of course, provide a regular supply of pocket money, but uncles and aunts are always a source of extra income. With some children, small sums go a long way. If fifty pence pieces are not exchanged for sweets, they rattle for months inside money boxes. Only very thrifty children manage to fill up a money box. For most of them, fifty pence is a small price to pay for a nice big bar of chocolate.

    My nephew, George, has a money box but it is always empty. Very few of the fifty pence pieces and pound coins I have given him have found their way there. I gave him fifty pence yesterday and advised him to save it. Instead he bought himself fifty pence worth of trouble. On his way to the sweet shop, he dropped his fifty pence and it bounced along the pavement and then disappeared down a drain. George took off his jacket, rolled up his sleeves and pushed his right arm through the drain cover. He could not find his fifty pence piece anywhere, and what is more, he could not get his arm out. A crowd of people gathered round him and a lady rubbed his arm with soap and butter, but George was firmly stuck. The fire brigade was called and two fire fighters freed George using a special type of grease. George was not too upset by his experience because the lady who owns the sweet shop heard about his troubles and rewarded him with a large box of chocolates.

·参考译文

    孩子们总是喜欢得到一些零花钱。爸爸妈妈当然经常会给孩子零花钱，但是,叔舅婶姨也是孩子们额外收入的来源。对于有些孩子来说,少量的钱可以花很长一段时间。如果50便士不拿来换糖吃,则可以放在储蓄罐里叮当响上好几个月。但是能把储蓄罐装满的只有屈指可数的几个特别节俭的孩子。对大部分孩子来说,用50便士来买一大块好的巧克力,是算不了什么的。

    我的外甥乔治有一个储蓄罐,但总是空空的。我给了他不少50便士的硬币,但没有几个存到储蓄罐里。昨天,我给了他50便士让他存起来,他却拿这钱给自己买了50便士的麻烦。在他去糖果店的路上,50便士掉在地上,在人行道上跳了几下,掉进了阴沟里。乔治脱掉外套,卷起袖子,将右胳膊伸进了阴沟盖。但他摸了半天也没找到那50便士硬币,他的胳膊反倒退不出来了。这时在他周围围上了许多人,一位女士在乔治胳膊上抹了肥皂、黄油，但乔治的胳膊仍然卡得紧紧的。有人打电话叫来消防队,两位消防队员使用了一种特殊的润滑剂才使乔治得以解脱。不过,此事并没使乔治过于伤心,因为糖果店老板娘听说了他遇到的麻烦后,赏给了他一大盒巧克力。

·课文讲解

Fifty pence worth of trouble

    ·money + worth of + sth.    价值 ... 钱的东西

        ·They had got away with thousands of pounds worth of diamonds.    他们带着价值数千英镑的钻石逃走了

        ·-Ross: Well, how was the date?

        ·-Rachel: Well I'm alone and I just bought fifteen dollars worth of candy bars, what do you think?

Children always appreciate small gifts of money.

    ·gifts of money    零花钱

    ·pocket money    零花钱

    ·extra income    零花钱

Mum or dad, of course, provide a regular supply of pocket money, but uncles and aunts are always a source of extra income.

    ·supply n.    提供(中文：经常提供零花钱 副词修饰动词，英语中用名词形式的提供，前用形容词修饰名词)

        ·动词向名词的转化：

            ·greatly contribute to ...    为 ... 做出重大贡献

                ·-> make great contributions to ...    为 ... 做出巨大贡献

            ·specially emphasize/stress ...    某人特别强调了某个东西

                ·-> lay/put special emphasis/stress on ...

            ·fully understand ...    完全理解了

                ·-> have a full understanding of ...

            ·carefully consider ...    仔细地考虑某个事

                ·-> give careful consideration(不可数名词) to ...

            ·strongly object to ...    强烈反对

                ·-> have a strong objection to ...

        ·练习造句：这份报告特别强调了必须要吃足的新鲜蔬菜和水果。

            ·普通：The report specially stresses that it is necessary to eat plenty of fresh fruit and vegetables.

            ·高明：The report lays special stress on the necessity of consuming adequate fresh fruit and vegetables.

    ·source n.    河流源头，发源地；来源，出处

        ·the source of the Yangtze River    长江的源头

    ·resource n.    资源

        ·natural resources    自然资源

        ·mineral resources    矿产资源

    ·origin n.    事物的起源

        ·the origin of mankind    人类的起源

        ·the origin of the universe    宇宙的起源

    ·originate in ...    起源于

    ·stem from ...    源自于

    ·have its roots in ...    某个东西的根

         ·Printing originates in/stems from/has its roots in China.    印刷术起源于中国

        ·However, a new type of humour, which stems largely from America, has recently come into fashion.    然而，一种主要源于美国的新型幽默最近开始流行起来

    ·练习造句：学习英语对我来说总是一种乐趣。

        ·Learning English is always a source of pleasure for me.

With some children, small sums go a long way.

    ·with .../for .../to ...    对 ... 来说

        ·For most of them, 50 pence is a small price to pay for a nice big bar of chocolate.

    ·go a long way    可以延续很久

        ·The battery can go a long way.    这个电池可以用上很久

    ·go a long way towards ...    在某方面有很大的帮助

        ·The book will go a long way towards solving your problems.    这本书将对解决你的问题大有帮助

    ·come a long way    取得了很大的进步

        ·-M: I saw some of your paintings at the student art exhibit. They are great.

        ·-W: Thanks. I feel as though I've come a long way.

            ·Answer：She thinks her painting has improved.

If fifty pence pieces are not exchanged for sweets, they rattle for months inside money boxes.

    ·piece：coin    硬币

    ·exchange A for B    把 A 换成 B(A 和 B 本身没有变，主人变了 )

        ·Where can I exchange U.S. dollars for British pounds?    我在哪里可以把美元兑换成英镑

    ·change A into B    把 A 变成 B

        ·The witch changed the prince into a frog.    女巫把王子变成了青蛙

    ·piggy-bank n.    存钱罐(小猪形状的存钱罐)

Only very thrifty children manage to fill up a money box.

    ·fill up sth.    把 ... 装满：把容器或空间填满，使其达到最大容量

        ·Fill her up!    请给我的车加满油

            ·I need a full tank.    请给我的车加满油

        ·fill in/out the form    填表格

        ·up adv.    表示彻底性

            ·eat up    吃光

For most of them, fifty pence is a small price to pay for a nice big bar of chocolate.

    ·be a small price to pay for sth.    对于 ... 来说算不了什么

        ·练习造句：损失点钱对于提高地位来说算不了什么。

            ·The loss of money is a small price to pay for the rise in status.

    ·be a high price to pay for sth.    对与 ... 来说不值得

        ·练习造句：为了成功而牺牲健康是不值得的。

            ·The sacrifice of health is a high price to pay for success. 

    ·nice 和 big 都是形容词，但不能替换它们的顺序，因为英语中有规定

        ·大(大小)形(形状)年(年龄)新(新旧)颜(颜色)国(国籍)材(材料)用(用途) + 中心名词。而不在前面几类的如 nice 就放在了最前面

        ·例子：一张新的很沉的黑色的中国式的圆形的大木餐桌

            ·a heavy big round new black chinese wooden dining table

        ·英语中如果量词和形容词同时出现，那么把形容词放在量词钱，中文是形容词放在名词前

            ·例子：

                ·a nice cup of tea    一杯好茶

                ·a beautiful stretch of dield    一片美丽的田野

                ·a stagnant pool of water    一滩死水

My nephew, George, has a money box but it is always empty. Very few of the fifty pence pieces and pound coins I have given him have found their way there.

    ·I have given him    定语从句，修饰前面的 50 硬币和 1 英镑的硬币

    ·find one's way    某个东西到达某个地方(物作主语，如果主语是人，那是找到了去往某地的道路)

        ·The river finds its way to the sea.    河流流入了大海

        ·How did my money find its way in your pocket?    我的钱怎么跑到你的口袋里去了

        ·They had mysteriously found their way there from the wine cellar!    这些酒瓶神不知鬼不觉地从酒窖来到了这里

        ·Specially-made lanterns are hung outside each house to help the dead to find their way.    特制的灯笼挂在每户人家外面，帮助死者认路

        ·lose one's way    迷路

            ·I love travelling in the country, but I don't like losing my way.    我喜欢在乡村旅行，但我不喜欢迷路

        ·feel one's way    摸索着前进

            ·The room was dark, so I had to feel my way along the wall to the door.    房间里很黑，所以我不得不沿着墙摸索着走到门口

        ·make one's way    向某个方向走去

            ·The hospital had been bombed and Hans had made his way back into Western Germany no foot.    医院被炸毁了，汉斯只好徒步走回西德

            ·Turning back down the main street, we quickened our pace and made our way rapidly towards the stream where we hoped the boatman was waiting.    我们掉转身子，沿着主要街道加快了脚步，迅速朝小溪走去，希望船夫在那儿等着我们

                ·quicken one's pace    加快某人的步子

        ·force/elbow one's way    推开众人，从人群中挤过去

            ·He forced/elbowed his way through the crowd.    他从人群中挤过去

        ·trace one's way    蜿蜒前进

            ·We expected the path to end abruptly, but we found that it traced its way through the trees.    我们原以为小路会突然结束，但却发现它在树林中蜿蜒而行

        ·edge one's way    侧身前进

            ·They had to edge their way along this, sometimes wading across shallow streams, or swimming across deep pools.    他们不得不侧着身子往前走，有时涉水过浅溪，有时游过深潭

I gave him fifty pence yesterday and advised him to save it.

    ·advise sb. to do    建议某人做某事

        ·advise (that) ...    从句需要用虚拟语气

        ·“should do” 型的虚拟语气

            ·1.下列动词后的宾语从句中用 (should 加上是英联邦国家，在美国加 should 被认为是错误) do

                ·order, ask, decide, demand, require, advise, recommend, suggest, insist ...

            ·He suggested that we (should) help them with English.    他建议我们帮助他们学英语

            ·The teacher ordered that the homework (should) be finished within half an hour.    老师命令作业必须在半小时内完成

            ·Even though the noble was expected to read the letter at each performance, he always insisted that it should be written out in full.    尽管每次演出都要求这位贵族朗读这封信，但他总是坚持要把信的全文写出来

            ·2.下列名词后的同位语从句中用(should) do

                ·suggestion, order, request, demand, proposal ...

            ·He made a suggestion that we (should) have a fancy dress party.    他建议我们开一个化装舞会

            ·The proposal that John (should) be dismissed is unacceptable.    解雇约翰的建议是不能接受的

        ·3.下列形容词后的主语从句中用(should) do

            ·important, necessary, natural, essential, advisable, strange, surprising ...

        ·It's strange that you (should) say such a thing.    真奇怪，你竟会说出这样的话来

        ·It was important that you (should) tell me all the information.    你应该告诉我所有的情况，这很重要

Instead he bought himself fifty pence worth of trouble.

    ·Instead 是个缩略，写全是：Instead of saving it

    ·instead of doing ..., ...    本该 ..., 结果却 ...

        ·Instead of becoming a doctor, however, he became a successful writer of detective stories.    他本该成为一名医生，结果却成为了一名成功的侦探小说作家

        ·Instead of being five new family members, these children had immediately become a commodity.    本来这五个孩子该成为新的家庭成员，结果却是立即成为了一种商品

        ·练习造句：本该乘电梯的，我们却走楼梯下去的。

            ·Instead of taking the elevator, we walked down the staitrs.

        ·练习造句：本该学习的，他却浪费时间追女孩子。

            ·Instead of studying, he wastes his time chasing girls.

On his way to the sweet shop, he dropped his fifty pence and it bounced along the pavement and then disappeared down a drain.

    ·on 引导地点状语

    ·on one's way    在某人的路上

        ·in one's way    挡住了某人的路

George took off his jacket, rolled up his sleeves and pushed his right arm through the drain cover.

    ·took off    脱，摘

    ·rolled up        

        ·roll v.    卷动，滚动

        ·up adv. 向上    向上卷袖子

    ·push v.    用力往前推(阻力在前面)

        ·pull v.    用力往后拉(阻力在后面)

        ·drag v.    拽

        ·haul v.    薅

    ·本句中的动作一连串的发生，没有主次之分，表达了当事人迫切，急切的心情

        ·Acting on a sudden impulse, I collected several dozen, put them in a paper bag, and took them to Robert.    我一时心血来潮，收集了几十张，装进一个纸袋，拿给罗伯特看

He could not find his fifty pence piece anywhere, and what is more, he could not get his arm out. 

    ·what is more    而且，还，更有甚者，表示递进(不分好坏)。本文意为：更糟的是

        ·What is more, they will not have to rely solely on the written word.    更重要的是，他们将不必完全依赖书面文字

        ·表示更重要的是：

            ·moreover/furthermore

            ·besides

            ·in addition

            ·additionally

        ·表示更倒霉的是：

            ·to make things worse    注意：非谓语动词，如果是固定习语就不用考虑主语的统一

            ·to make matters worse

                ·The team has lost the last two games and, to make matters worse, two of its best players are injured.    这支球队最近输了两场比赛，更糟糕的是，他们最好的两名球员受伤了

A crowd of people gathered round him and a lady rubbed his arm with soap and butter, but George was firmly stuck.

    ·gather v.    聚集( 文中是人群聚集)

        ·与之类似的表达

            ·assemble        collect        mass        congregate    人群聚拢到一起

            ·While Alfred's little army slowly began to gather at Athelney, the king himself set out to penetrate the camp of Guthrum, the commander of the Danish invaders.

            ·A large crowd had assembled outside the American embassy.    一大群人聚集在美国大使馆外面

            ·A crowd soon collected at the scene of the accident.    一群人很快聚集在事故现场

            ·Demonstrators had massed outside the embassy.    示威者聚集在大使馆外面

            ·A crowd quickly congregated around the speaker.    一群人很快聚集在演讲者周围

    ·rub v.    摩擦，搓

    ·soap 和 butter 都不可数

        ·a bar/cake of soap    一块肥皂

        ·a slice of butter

The fire brigade was called and two fire fighters freed George using a special type of grease. 

    ·the fire brigade    消防队(英)

        ·firefighter n.    消防员

    ·the fire department    消防队(美)

        ·fireman n.    消防员

    ·using 引导方式状语

George was not too upset by his experience because the lady who owns the sweet shop heard about his troubles and rewarded him with a large box of chocolates.

    ·because 引导原因状语从句

    ·who 引导定语从句

    ·chocolates    纯巧克力是不可数名词，加 s 表示为巧克力糖

    ·heard of/about ...    听说，获悉

        ·know of/about ...    听说，获悉

        ·learn of/about ...    听说，获悉

    ·reward sb. with sth.    用某物奖励某人

        ·联系造句：观众们对这位表演者报以雷鸣般的掌声。

            ·The audience rewarded the performer with thunderous applause.

        ·a reward of $1,000    一笔1000美元的酬金，此时 reward 为名词词性

        ·award sb. sth.    授予某人某个 奖项/头衔

            ·She was awarded the Nobel Prize for her work in mdeical research.    她因在医学研究方面的贡献而被授予诺贝尔奖

            ·the Academy Award    奥斯卡奖，此时 award 为名词词性，意为奖

本文体裁：记叙文(narrative)

文章线索：

题目：新颖有趣，引入注意

第一段：做铺垫：孩子喜欢零花钱 -> 来源(父母，亲属) -> 少数节俭，多数立刻花掉

第二段：叙述事情经过：(when, where, who, why, what, and result)，照应题目