过去完成时/现过去完成进行时【英语时态系统教程】|低基础起步
老白 | 过去完成时 + 过去完成进行时
1️⃣过去完成时
过去完成时：表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已完成的动作或状态，常与already，yet，still等时间状语连用；也可用于虚拟语气，过去完成时由had加过去分词构成。
含义：过去的过去
构成：had done（如果有already，需要放在had后）
时间状语
与过去完成时连用的时间状语可以是already（已经），yet（仍然），still（还）， just（刚刚），hardly...when（刚.…...就），scarcely...before（刚......就），ever（曾经），never（从来没有）等，也可以是by（不迟于），before（在....之前），until（直到），as soon as（一.....就）等引导的词组或从句
- When Sarah arrived at the party，Paul had already gone home.
- Sarah到达是故事的开始，Paul回家发生在此之前
- After we had landed，the plane was searched thoroughly.
- 落地在前，搜查在后
- Helen said（that）she had moved to another flat.
- 说这话的时候已经搬家了
用于宾语从句
一般说来，主句中用了know（知道），realize（意识到），think（认为），suppose（猜想），guess（推测），find（找到），discover（发现），decide （决定），remember（想起），forget（忘记）等动词的一般过去时，如果宾语从句中的动作先于主句的动作，通常用过去完成时。
- We realized we had lost our way.
- 我们意识到我们迷路了。
- l didn't think to ask her if she had passed her examination.
- 我没有想问她是否考试及格了。
虚拟语气
过去完成时的这一用法，常见于以if only等引导的感叹句
- lf only we had listened to their advice!
- 我们要是听了他们的意见就好了!
- lf only you had worked with greater care!
- 你要是更仔细一些该多好!
还见于构成虚拟语气的条件从句和l wish...（我希望....….），I'd rather...（我宁愿.....）后的that-从句
- I'd rather you hadn't been present.
- 我宁愿你当时不在场。
- lf I had asked for directions，I wouldn't have gotten lost.
- 如果我问一下路，就不会迷失方向了。
虚拟条件句中如果出现had done结构可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装。
- lf l had asked for directions，I wouldn't have gotten lost.
- Had I asked for directions, I wouldn't have gotten lost.
过去完成时和现在完成时的区别
2️⃣过去完成进行时
had been doing
过去完成进行时：表示在过去较早的时间内进行的动作，并对过去某一刻的动作或状态产生结果。过去完成进行时由had been + doing构成。
- She was tired. She had been working all day.
- 她很累了。她整天都在工作。
- When I first met Jane，she had been working in that school for 10 years.
- 我第一次遇到简的时候，她已在那所学校干了10年了。
- How long had it been raining before you shut the window?
- 你关窗户之前雨下了多久了?
从我们所见，所闻中得出的结论，更多用过去完成进行时。
- His eyes were red. It was obvious that he had beenworking too hard.
过去完成进行时VS过去进行时
过去完成进行时：强调动作本身，不管是否已完成
过去完成时：强调一个完成的动作（has painted），用于说明结果
过去完成进行时相比于口语，更多用于书写中：A spokesman for the company said Tony hadn't been working for them long.
