2020年医学考博统考英语阅读理解真题及解析

2023-04-07 16:27 作者:考博英语学习屋 0人读过 | 我要投稿

Passage One

Gianluca Valli， manager of Chelsea Football Club， expressed it explicitly enough：“The foot is the tool of the trade of the footballer. “You might therefore expect footballers to take particularly good care of their feet. But results presented at a recent conference of dermatologists in Amsterdam suggest otherwise. Professional footballers seem as likely to suffer from fungal infections of the foot as other people.

One study， called Achilles Project， looked at 76， 475pairsoffeet belonging to people from 18 European countries. It found that 26%of the sample had Tinea pedis， better known as athlete's foot， while 30%had Onychomycosis， an infection that causes toenails to become thickened， discolored and distorted. The results showed that East European countries have consistently higher rates of infection. On average， 30%of Britons， Germans and Belgians had some form of fungal infection， compared with 85%of Russians， and less than 10%of Spaniards

Furthermore， adults under the ageof40whotook regular exercise had a 40%greater risk of fungal infection than those who did not. Leisure centers and swimming pools were identified as potential health hazards to the very people who visit them to stay fit. Communal showers and changing rooms are perfect breeding一grounds for the highly infectious fungi that spread foot and nail infection：up to 1， 500fungally-infected skin fragments per square meters have been found in some leisure facilities. Sweaty socks and warm， damp sports shoes provide equally hospitable environments.

All of which goes some way to explaining the footballers. No doubt all that time spent in showers and changing-rooms is partly responsible. But Dr. Caputo， a dermatologist， also found another factor：footballers are often reluctant， for superstitious reasons， to discard their old boots. He found that players get attached to particular boots； if they score a goal with one， they will wear it again and again. The risk of athlete's foot maybe a small price to pay for a goal

61. What can we learn from the first paragraph?

A.Footballers do not care for their feet as expected

B.Footballers'feet are more sensitive to fungal infections

C.Footballers usually care for their feet more than other people

D.Footballers'feet are more vulnerable than those of other people

62. According to the passage， “Achilles Project “was designed to

A.serve as a global screening for foot infections

B.collect a sample of infected athletes for research

C.look into the conditions of feet in European countries

D.find measures for reducing high rates of foot infections

63. From the description of Tinea pedis and Onychomycosis， we are sure that

A.Tinea pedis affects athletes more than Onychomycosis

B.Tinea pedis and Onychomycosis are both fungal infections

C.Tinea pedis is a more serious infection than Onychomycosis

D.Tinea pedis is more sensitive to antifungal drugs than Onychomycosis

64. Which of the following can be safely inferred concerning the leisure centers and swimming pools?

A.They could help people in one way and harm them in another.

B.They do not spread infections as much as other public places

C.They do not perform adequate check-ups for their visitors

D.They are unlikely to spread fungal infection.

65. What did Dr.Caputo find about footballers?

A.They play too much to keep their feet clean.

B.They usually do not throwaway comfortable boots.

C.They believe some shoes may bring them good luck

D.They often stick to high-priced shoes for scoring goals.

PartⅣ Reading Comprehension(30%) Passage 1

【文章大意】最近在阿姆斯特丹举行的一次皮肤科医生会议上公布的研究结果显示：职业足球运动员似乎和其他人一样容易受到脚部真菌感染的困扰。一项名为阿喀琉斯项目(Achilles Project) 的研究观察了18个欧洲国家76475双脚。研究发现，26%的受试者患有足癣，也就是众所周知的香港脚，而30%的受试者患有甲真菌病，这种感染会导致脚趾甲变厚、变色和变形。经常光顾休闲中心，公共泳池和澡堂的人更容易患上脚部真菌感染。而足球运动员不愿意更换自己的运动鞋也是原因之一。

【答案详解】

61.B 推理判断题。从文章第一段我们可以知道什么?分析文章第一段的内容结构可知，文章第一段第最后一句“Professional footballers seem as likely to suffer from fungal infections of the foot as other people.职业足球运动员似乎和其他人一样容易受到脚部真菌感染的困扰”提出了第一段的主题，也就是“足球运动员的脚容易感染真”；也就是答案B。其余选项分别为A项“足球运动员并不像预期的那样在意自己的脚”；C 项“足球运动员通常比其他人更关心自己的脚”；Ｄ项“足球运动员的脚比其他人的脚更容易受伤”。

62.C ! 细节事实题。根据文章，阿喀琉斯项目(A chl les Project) 是为了了。文章第二段第一句话指出“One study， called Achilles Project， looked at 76， 475pairsoffeet belonging to people from 18 European countries.一项名为阿喀琉斯项目(Achilles Project) 的研究调查了来自18个欧洲国家的76， 475双脚。”接着第二句提到“It found that 26% of the sample had Tinea pedis， better known as athlete's foot， while 30%had Onychomycosis， ......研究发现， 26%的受试者患有足癣，也就是众所周知的香港脚，而 30%的受试者患有甲真菌病，……”，由此可知答案选C“调查欧洲国家人的脚部情况”。其余选项分别为A“作为全球性的足部感染筛查”；B项“收集受感染运动员的样本进行研究”；D项“找到降低高感染率的方法”。

63.B 推理判断题。从文章中关于足癣和甲真菌病，我们可以确定的是。由第二段第二句中“It found that 26%of the sample had Tinea pedis， better known as athlete's foot， while 30%had Onychomycosis， an infection that causes to en ials to become thickened， discolored and distorted.研究发现， 26%的样本患有足癣，也就是众所周知的香港脚，而30%的受试者患有甲真菌病，这种感染会导致脚趾甲变厚、变色和变形。” 可知这两种病都是属于真菌感染。故选Ｂ。其他选项Ａ“足癣对运动员的影响大于甲真菌病”；选项Ｃ项“足癣是一种比甲真菌病更严重的感染”；选项D“足癣比甲真菌病对抗真菌药物更敏感”。

64.A 推理判断题。下列关于休闲场所和游泳池可以从文章中推断出来哪一点?根据文章第三段的描述，其中“Leisure centers and swimming pools were identified as potential health hazards to the very people who visit them to stay fit.Communal showers and changing rooms are perfect breeding-grounds for the highly infectious fungi that spread foot and nail infection：休闲中心和游泳池被认为是对去这些地方健身的人的潜在健康危害。公共淋浴和更衣室是传播足部和指甲感染的温床”，可知选项A“他们既可以帮助人们，也在伤害他们”。其他选项B“它们不像其他公共场所那样容易传播感染病”；选项Ｃ“他们没有为来访者进行充分的检查”；选项D“他们不太可能传播真菌感染”。

65.C 细节事实题。卡普托博士对足球运动员有什么发现?根据文章最后一段第三句“But Dr. Caputo， a dermatologist， also found another factor：footballers are often reluctant， for superstitious reasons， to discard their old boots.但是卡普托博士一皮肤科医生同样发现另外一个因素：：出于迷信的原因，足球运动员往往不愿丢弃他们的旧球鞋。”推断可知选项Ｃ“他们相信一些鞋子会给他们带来好运”正确。其他选项Ａ意思是“足球运动员外他们踢球太多，以至于不能保持脚的干净”；选项B“他们通常不会扔掉舒适的靴子”；选项D“他们经常坚持穿高价鞋进球”。

【长难句剖析】

1.It found that 26%of the sample had Tinea pedis， better known as athlete’s foot， while 30% had Onychomycosis， an infection that ea uses to en ials to become thickened， discolored and distorted

【参考译文】研究发现，26%的受试者患有足癣，也就是众所周知的香港脚，而30%的受试者患有甲真菌病，这种感染会导致脚趾甲变厚、变色和变形。

【结构分析】句子的主千是It found that 26%of the sample had Tinea pedis。 known as athlete's foot过去分词短语做后置定语。While引导表示转折的状语从句； an infection是同位语； that causes to en ials to become thickened， discolored and distorted.是定语从句修饰an infection。

2.Furthermore， adults under the ageof40whotook regular exercise had a 40%greater risk of fungal infection than those who did not.

【参考译文】此外，40岁以下的成年人经常锻炼比不锻炼的人患真菌感染的风险高40%。

【结构分析】句子的主干是adults had a 40%greater risk of fungal infection； under the age of 40介词短语做后置定语修饰adults； who took regular exercise和who did not定语从句。

Passage Two

A decade ago， most patients were informed over the phone or in person by the doctors. But in the past few years， hospitals and medical practices have urged patients to sign up for port as， which allow them rapid， round-the-clock access to their records. Lab tests are now released directly to patients.

The push for portals has been fueled by several factors：the widespread embrace of technology， incentive payments to medical practices and hospitals that were part of 2009 federal legislation to encourage “meaningful use “of electronic records， and a2014federalrulegivig patients direct access to their results. Policymakers have long regarded electronic medical records as away to foster patient engagement and improve patient safety.

Are portals delivering on their promise to engage patients? Or are these results too often a source of confusion and alarm for patients and the cause of more work for doctors because information is provided without adequate-or sometimes any-guidance

Although what patients see online and how quickly they see it differs-sometimes even within the same hospital system一most portals contain lab tests， imaging studies， pathology reports and less frequently， doctors' notes. It is not uncommon for a test result to be posted before the doctor has seen it.

Katharine Treadway， an internist， knows what it’s like to obtain shocking news from an electronic medical record. The experience， she said， has influenced the way she practices

More than a decade ago—long before most patients had portals-Treadway， with her husband's permission， pulled up the results of his MR Is canon a hospital computer while waiting to see the specialist treating his sudden， unbearable arm pain

“It showed a massive tumor and widespread metastatic disease， ”Treadway recalled. She never suspected that her 59-year-old husband had cancer， let alone a highly aggressive and usually fatal form of advanced lymphoma.

Treadway， whose husband has been cancer-free for more than a decade， said she remembered intently checking the name and date of birth， certain she had the wrong patient， then rebooting the computer several times “like I was going to get a different answer.”

66. What is the trend mentioned at the beginning of the passage?

A.More lab tests are ordered through portals.

B.More hospitals provide rapid， round-the-clock services.

C.More medical consultations are conducted over the phone.

D.More patients are encouraged to use portals for their medical information.

67. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a contributing factor for the increasing use of portals?

A.Popular acceptance of technology.

B.Lower payments for the patients to obtain their results

C.Financial benefits for hospital use of electronic records

D.Legal requirement to provide patients with direct access to their results

68. What concerns the author in respect to the increasing use of portals?

A.Unsafe access to patients ‘personal information.

B.Inadequate guidance for the patients to use portals

C.Improper delivery of the medical results to the patients.

D.Different contents provided to the patients by different systems.

69. . Which of the following statements is true about Dr.Treadway's husband?

A.He was depressed by the diagnosis of his disease.

B.He was screened for a highly aggressive and fatal cancer.

C.He was mismatched with the electronic records of his MR Is can.

D.He was informed of the results of his MR Is can via hospital portals.

70. The author cites Katharine Treadway's experience to

A.explain the hidden risk of portals being illegally accessed

B.exemplify the potential risk of mis informing patients through portals

C.illustrate the progress in the way information is delivered to the patients

D.show the advantages of portals over phone in releasing patients ‘information

Passage 2

【文章大意】十年前，大多数病人都是通过电话或医生亲自告知的检查结果。但在过去几年里，医院和医疗机构敦促患者注册门户网站，这样他们就可以24小时快速查看自己的病历。实验室检测现在也直接向病人公布。科技的广泛应用推动了门户网站的发展，2009年鼓励“有意义地使用”电子记录的联邦立法，针对医疗实践和医院进行奖励，政策制定者长期以来一直将电子病历视为使患者参与诊断和改善患者就医安全的一种方式。门户网站是否兑现了他们吸引患者的承诺?或者，由于信息提供得不够充分，有时甚至没有任何指导意义，其结果常常会使病人感到困惑和不安，也会增加医生的工作负担。

【答案详解】

66.A 细节事实题。题干文章开始提到的一种趋势是什么?根据第一段第二句话“But in the past few years， hospitals and medical practices have urged patients to signup for portals， which allow them rapid， round-the-clock access to their records.但在过去几年里，医院和医疗机构敦促患者注册门户网站，这样他们就可以24小时快速查看自己的病历。”中提到电子诊疗的趋势。跟答案Ｄ项“鼓励更多的病人使用门户网站获取他们的医疗信息”相吻合；其他选项Ｂ的意思是“更多的医院提供快速、全天候的服务”；C项“更多的医疗咨询是通过电话进行的”；A项“更多的实验室测试将通过门户网站进行”。

67.B 推理判断题。以下哪一项不是门户网站使用增加的促成因素?由文章第二段的第一句话“The push for portals has been fueled by several factors：the widespread embrace of technology， incentive payments to medical practices and hospitals that were part of 2009 federal legislation to encourage‘meaningful use'of electronic records， and a 2014 federal rule giving patients direct access to their results.某些因素推动了门户网站的发展：科技的广泛应用，2009年鼓励‘有意义地使用’电子记录的联邦立法中对医疗实践和医院的奖励，，以及2014年的联邦法规允许患者直接访问查询他们检查的结果。”可知选项Ａ “对科技的广泛接受”，选项C“医院使用电子记录的经济利益”和选项D“法律要求为病人提供直接的检查结果”都提到了，没有提到Ｂ项内容。

68.C 推理判断题。作者对门户网站使用的增加所关注的是什么?文章中第三段谈到作者对在医疗系统使用门户网站通知病人诊断结果的反思，其中第二句话“Or are these results too often a source of confusion and alarm for patients and the cause of more work for doctors because information is provided without adequate-or sometimes any-guidance?或者，由于信息提供得不够充分，有时甚至没有任何指导，这些结果常常会使病人感到困惑和不安，也会使医生承担更多工作?”推断作者在这里提到使用门户网站会面临的一些问题，和Ｃ项“不恰当地向患者传递诊断结果”的描述吻合；其他选项的意思： A项“不安全地获取病人的个人信息”；B项“对患者使用门户的指导不足”；D项“不同系统提供给患者的内容不同”。

69.C 推理判断题。题干问：关于特雷德韦医生的丈夫，下面哪一种说法是正确的?文章中从第六段开始讲到特雷德韦医生的丈夫通过门户网站查询诊断结果的例子，根据第七段中特雷德韦医生所说“It showed a massive tumor and widespread metastatic disease，上面显示一个巨大的肿瘤和扩散转移的疾病”和后面“She never suspected that her 59-year-old husband had cancer， ......她从未怀疑过她59岁的丈大得了癌症……”，以及最后一段中“......certain she had the wrong patient.....确定她是选错了人”，可以推知选 C项“他与核磁共振扫描的电子记录不匹配”；其他Ａ项意思“对他的疾病的诊断使他很沮丧”；Ｂ项“他接受了恶性致命癌症的检查”；Ｄ项“他通过医院的门户网站被告知他的核磁共振扫描结果”。

70.B 推理判断题。作者引用了特雷德韦医生的经历是为了。由文章第四段最后一句中“It is not uncommon for a testresult to be posted before the doctor has seen it.还常常会碰到在医生看到检测之前，结果就公布出来的情况”推断电子门户诊疗的存在一定的混乱。以及第五段中特雷德韦医生说“the experience， she said， has influenced the way she practices.这段经历影响了她的实际操作方式”，由此推断选项B“举例说明通过门户网站误导病人的潜在风险”与题意项吻合。其它选项Ａ项“解释门户被非法访问的潜在风险”；选项C“说明信息传递给病人的过程”；选项D“展示通过电话表达门户网站在发布患者信息方面的优势”。

【长难句剖析】

1.Or are these results too often a source of confusion and alarm for patients and the cause of more work for doctors because information is provided without adequate-or sometimes any一guidance?

【参考译文】或者，由于信息提供得不够充分，有时甚至没有任何对病人的引导，这些结果是否常常会使病人感到困惑和不安，也会增加医生的的工作负担呢? 【结构分析】句子的主干are these results too often a source of confusion and alarm for patients and the cause of more work for doctors，其中and并列两个短语作表语； because引导原因状语从句。

2.More than a decade ago-long before most patients had portals-Treadway， with her husband's permission， pulled up the results of his MR Is canon a hospital computer while waiting to see the specialist treating his sudden， unbearable arm pain.

【参考译文】十多年前一那是在大多数病人还没有使用电子门诊之前一特雷德韦医生得到她丈夫的允许，在医院的电脑上查看了他的核磁共振扫描结果，当时她们等待着看专科医生，治疗她丈夫突如其来、难以忍受的手臂疼痛。【结构分析】句子的主干Treadway pulled up the results of his MR Is canon a hospital computer； More than a decade ago时间状语； before引导时间状语从句； while waiting to see the specialist treating his sudden， unbearable arm pain.现在分词短语作后置状语。