20210210 阿瓜内格拉山口上的融凝冰柱 必应壁纸
融凝冰柱 阿瓜内格拉山口上的融凝冰柱 如果把这些冰冻形成的冰命名得更直白一些，我们可能会把它们简单地称为“融凝冰柱”。但安第斯山脉，包括这条从智利阿塔卡马沙漠(Atacama Desert)上升起的山口，都被富有诗意的西班牙探险者绘制在了地图上。他们把这样的石阵比作无数面朝太阳、跪在地上的雕像，就像虔诚的教区居民在做弥撒时跪在地上一样:因此这种堆积着积雪的尖顶石通常被称为“忏悔者”。也许最引人注目的“奔腾岩”出现在安第斯山脉干燥的地区，但它们可以在任何地方形成，只要阳光照射到雪，使雪蒸发的速度快于雪融化成水的速度。因为雪的表面并不是完美的均匀的，一些积雪比另一些更快地变成水蒸气，形成凹坑，进一步反射阳光到自己身上。这加速了坑内的汽化，坑内的积雪常常会一直加深到裸露的地面，中间未融化的积雪则立着(或跪着)作为忏悔者。
原文:
If these frozen formations were named by more literal minds, we might know them as simply 'reverse icicles.' But the Andes, including this mountain pass rising above Chile's Atacama Desert, were mapped by poetically inclined Spanish explorers. They likened formations like these to countless kneeling figures reverently facing the sun, as a congregation of penitent parishioners kneeling at mass: hence the common name 'penitentes' for such packed-snow pinnacles.Maybe the most dramatic pentitentes appear in dry sections of the Andes, but they can form anywhere the sun beats down on snow enough to vaporize it faster than it can melt into water. Since snow isn't a perfectly even surface, some patches of the snowpack turn to vapor faster than others, creating pits that further reflect sunlight upon themselves. This speeds vaporization within the pits, deepening them often all the way to bare earth, with unmelted portions of snow in between left standing (or kneeling) as penitentes.
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