Lesson 6 Smash-and-grab

·单词

smash-and-grab n.    砸橱窗抢劫：a kind of robbery in which the robbers break the shop window and steal the goods on display

    ·smash v.    打碎，（使）粉碎

        ·smash the window    打破窗户

        ·The glass smashed into small bits.    玻璃碎成了小碎片

        ·We're determined to smash terrorism.    我们决心粉碎恐怖主义

        ·smash the Gang of Four    粉碎“四人帮”

        ·可替换：shatter v.    （使）破碎，碎裂; 破坏，摧毁（抽象物）

            ·shatter the window    打破窗户

            ·The glass shatter into small bits.    玻璃碎成了小碎片

            ·shatter one's dream/hope/confidence ...    粉碎某人的 梦想/希望/信心

            ·Peter's comments shattered the boy's confidence.    彼得的话粉碎了男孩的信心

    ·grab v. 攫取，抓住并一把夺过来

        ·A mugger grabbed her handbag as she was walking across the park.    当她穿过公园时，一个抢劫犯抢走了她的手提包

        ·同义词：seize v.    抓住，捉住

            ·As the men refused to stop working, the police attempted to seize the pneumatic drill.    由于工人拒绝停止工作，警察试图夺气动钻

arcade n.    有拱廊的街道(两旁常设商店)

Piccadilly n.    皮卡迪利大街

jewellery n.    珠宝(总称) (英) (不可数)

    ·jewelry n.    珠宝(总称) (美) (不可数)

    ·a piece of jewelry    一件珠宝

    ·two piece of jewelry    两件珠宝

    ·She has a lot of beautiful jewelries.    X    jewelries 不可数

    ·She has a lot of beautiful jewelry.    √

    ·She has a lot of beautiful jewels.    √    jewels 可数

    ·jewel (可数) -> jewelry/jewellery (不可数)

    ·scene 风景，风光 (可数) -> scenery 风景，景色 (不可数)

    ·machine 机器 (可数) -> machinery 机械 (不可数)

    ·weapon 武器 (可数) -> weaponry 兵器，武器(总称) (不可数)

    ·poem 诗 (可数) -> poetry 诗歌 (不可数)

    ·novel 小说 (可数) -> fiction 小说 (不可数)

    ·myth 神话故事 (可数) -> mythology 神话故事 (不可数)

    ·leaf 叶子 (可数) -> foliage 叶子 (不可数)

    ·table/chair 桌子/椅子 (可数) -> furniture 家具 (不可数)

    ·pen/pencil 钢笔/铅笔 (可数) -> stationery 文具 (不可数)

    ·trunk/suitcase 行李箱/手提箱 (可数) -> luggage/baggage 行李 (不可数)

necklace n.    项链

ring n.    戒指

background n.    背景

velvet n.    天鹅绒,丝绒

headlight n.    (汽车等)前灯

blare v.    发嘟嘟声，吼叫

staff n.    全体工作人员 (指一个机构全部的人用单数)

    ·The hospital's medical staff is/are excellent.    这家医院的医务人员非常优秀。当 staff 作主语时，谓语动词单复数都行，单数，强调整体，复数，强调每一个人

    ·teaching staff    教职员工

    ·engineering staff    工程师团队

    ·domestic staff    一个家庭的全体佣人

    ·Though my aunt pursued what was, in those days, an enlightened policy, in that she never allowed her domestic staff to work more than eight hours a day, she was extremely difficult to please.    虽然姨婆的政策在当时算是开明的，她从不让佣人每天工作超过8小时，但她却很难取悦

    ·Already, orientals and Asian Americans constitute the majority of the engineering staffs at many Valley firms.    在硅谷的许多公司里，东方人和亚裔美国人已经占据了工程人员的大多数

        ·类似用法单词：cast n.    （电影、戏剧等的）全体演员

        ·类似用法单词：crew n.    全体船员，全体机组人员

        ·类似用法单词：faculty n.    （高等院校的）系，院；<美> 全体教员

        ·类似用法单词：audience n.    （某一个剧场，礼堂）观众

raid n.    偷袭

scramble v.    爬行

fantastic adj.    非常大的

ashtray n.    烟灰缸

·课文讲解

    The expensive shops in a famous arcade near Piccadilly were just opening. At this time of the morning, the arcade was almost empty. Mr. Taylor, the owner of a jewellery shop was admiring a new window display. Two of his assistants had been working busily since eight o'clock and had only just finished. Diamond necklaces and rings had been beautifully arranged on a background of black velvet. After gazing at the display for several minutes, Mr. Taylor went back into his shop.

    The silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade. It came to a stop outside the jeweller’s. One man stayed at the wheel while two others with black stockings over their faces jumped out and smashed the window of the shop with iron bars. While this was going on, Mr. Taylor was upstairs. He and his staff began throwing furniture out of the window. Chairs and tables went flying into the arcade. One of the thieves was struck by a heavy statue, but he was too busy helping himself to diamonds to notice any pain. The raid was all over in three minutes, for the men scrambled back into the car and it moved off at a fantastic speed. Just as it was leaving, Mr. Taylor rushed out and ran after it throwing ashtrays and vases, but it was impossible to stop the thieves. They had got away with thousands of pounds worth of diamonds.

英语记叙文 (narrative) 的要点

1:五个W一个R(when, where, who, why, what and result)    时间地点人物起因经过结果

2:目的明确，线索清晰，描写生动，详略得当，句式多变。

The expensive shops in a famous arcade near Piccadilly were just opening. 

    ·expensive shops/hotels    高档 商店/酒店

        ·Mary is an expensive girl. She eats like a horse/lion.    玛 丽是个爱花钱的女孩，她食量很大 (不能像中文一样直译为像猪一样，外国人听不懂)

        ·a fancy/luxury car/hotel    一辆 高档/豪华 轿车/酒店

    ·arcade n.    (上有顶盖的）拱廊式街道

        ·arch n.    拱门；拱顶

            ·17-Arch Bridge    十七孔桥

            ·Arch of Triumph    凯旋门

        ·archway n.    拱门；拱道

            ·The student hid in an archway nearby where he could watch and hear everything that went on.    这个学生躲在附近的一个拱门里，在那里他可以看到和听到发生的一切

    ·near prep.    在 ... 附近

        ·类似的：

             ·around prep.    在……周围，在附近

            ·colse to prep.    在附近；接近；几乎

            ·in the neighborhood of ...    在 ... 附近

            ·in the vicinity of ...    在 ... 附近

            ·off prep.    靠近，离 … 不远；

                ·I rent an apartment off campus.    我在校外租了一套公寓

                ·Not if I can help it. I've been thinking of renting an apartment off campus with some friends of mine.    如果我能避免它。我一直在考虑和我的一些朋友在校外租一套公寓

                    ·help 在口语中：used to say that it is impossible to prevent or avoid sth 某人忍不住（或无法抑制）做某事；不可能避免某事

    ·模仿造句: 在朝阳区建国门外大街上高档的国贸商城(China World Shopping Mall) 刚刚开始营业。

        ·The expensive China World Shopping Mall on/at the JianGuoMenWai Avenue in Chaoyang District was just opening. 

At this time of the morning, the arcade was almost empty.

    ·empty adj.    空的；派生意：空荡荡的，没人的

        ·an empty truck   一辆空卡车

        ·empty street    空荡的街道

Mr. Taylor, the owner of a jewellery shop was admiring a new window display. 

    ·jewellery shop = the jeweller’s    珠宝店

        ·the grocer's    食品杂货店

        ·the tailor's    裁缝店

        ·the baker's    面包店

        ·the butcher's    肉店

        ·the barber's    理发店

        ·the stationer's    文具店

        ·the chemist's    药店

        ·如果不是具体的职业身份，则不能表示所属的店

            ·We spent the weekend at Mr. Green's (house).    我们在格林先生家度周末

            ·He graduated from St. John’s (University).    他毕业于圣约翰大学

            ·Joe lives near St. Paul’s (Cathedral) in London.    乔住在伦敦圣保罗大教堂附近

    ·admire v.    钦佩，仰慕；欣赏，观赏

        ·I admire her courage.    我钦佩她的勇气

        ·I am admiring her beauty.    我正在欣赏她的美貌

        ·盯住；凝视；出神的看：gaze at ...

            ·After gazing at the display for several minutes, Mr. Taylor went back into his shop.    泰勒先生盯着陈列品看了几分钟后，又回到了他的店里

Two of his assistants had been working busily since eight o'clock and had only just finished.

    ·(shop) assistant    店员 (英)

        ·(shop) clerk    售货员，店员 (美)

        ·an assistant manager    助理经理

    ·had been working    过去完成进行时

        ·表示持续性的动作一直做到过去的某时，而且还有可能继续下去。

        ·Bleriot had been making planes since 1905 and this was his latest model.    布莱里奥从1905年开始制造飞机，这是他的最新型号

        ·The small ship, Elkor, which had been searching the Barents Sea for weeks, was on its way home.    这艘名为“埃尔科号”的小船已经在巴伦支海搜寻了几个星期，正在回家的路上

        ·The Karen had been sailing in a convoy to Russia when she was torpedoed by an enemy submarine.    “克伦”号在前往俄罗斯的护航船队中遭到敌方潜艇的鱼雷袭击

        ·People woken during these periods of eye-movements generally reported that they had been dreaming.    在这些眼球运动期间醒来的人通常报告说他们在做梦

    ·only just adv.    ：not long ago/before 刚刚

        ·We've only just arrived.    我们刚刚才到

        ·I've only just moved to London.    我刚搬到伦敦

        ·People were leaving and I'd only just arrived.    人们都走了，我才到

Diamond necklaces and rings had been beautifully arranged on a background of black velvet.

    ·arrange v.    安排，筹备；整理，布置，排列

        ·We arranged the chairs in a semicircle.    我们把椅子排成半圆形

        ·His books are neatly arranged in alphabetical order.    他的书按字母顺序整齐地排列着

After gazing at the display for several minutes, Mr. Taylor went back into his shop.

    ·gaze at    盯住；凝视

        ·He gazed at the belle.    他注视着那个美女

        ·He stared at the belle.    他瞪着眼目不转睛地看那个美女

        ·He gaped at the belle.    他目瞪口呆地凝视那个美女

        ·The belle glared at him.    美女怒视着他

文似看山不喜平。

为人贵直, 而作诗文者贵曲。

                    —— 袁枚《随园诗话》

The silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade.

独立主格。本句中 with 引导伴随状语

    ·(with) + n. + 非谓语 (doing/done/to do, 其中 being 常省略)，在句中常作状语或定语。

    ·with its headlights (being) on and its horn blaring    with 引出独立主格，and 并列另一个独立主格

    ·One man stayed at the wheel while two others with black stockings (being) over their faces jumped out and smashed the window of the shop with iron bars.     with 引导后置定语

    ·..., and at this point, according to my father, I should be looking at farms and cottages in a valley, with the spire of the church of our village showing in the far distance.    在这一点上，根据我父亲的说法，我应该看到山谷中的农场和小屋，远处可以看到我们村里教堂的尖顶

    ·It is possible that upon such an occasion a battle ensued, with the sharks being driven away or killed.    在这种情况下，很可能会发生一场战斗，鲨鱼要么被赶走，要么被杀死

    ·Apart from an interesting-looking carved dagger, the box was full of crockery, (with) much of it broken.    除了一把看起来很有趣的雕刻匕首外，盒子里装满了陶器，大部分都碎了

    ·In the nineteenth century, a novelist would bring his story to a conclusion by presenting his readers with a series of coincidences — (with) most of them (being) wildly improbable.    在19世纪，小说家在结束他的故事时，会向读者呈现一系列的巧合——其中大多数是极不可能发生的

    ·The village seemed deserted, (with) the only sign of life being an ugly-looking black goat tied to a tree on a short length of rope in a field nearby.    村子里似乎空无一人，唯一的生命迹象是一只长相丑陋的黑山羊，用一根短绳拴在附近田野的一棵树上

    ·it is quite reasonable to regard the sea floor as the basic form of the crust of the earth, with, superimposed upon it, the continents, together with the islands and other features of the oceans.    把海底看作是地壳的基本形式是完全合理的，在它上面叠加着大陆、岛屿和海洋的其他特征 (本句语序发生了改变，因为逻辑主语太长了，所以放在了后面)

    ·独立主格和非谓语

        ·He came in and carried a book.    中文语序，没有突出 came in 是重要的，还是 carried a book 是重要的，中文用语气来表达重点

        ·He came in carrying a book.    使用非谓语，表示进来是重要的，带着一本书是次要的

        ·He came in and a book was in his hand.    他进来了，手里拿着一本书

        ·He came in (with) a book (being) in his hand.    这个时候无法用非谓语进行修饰了，就需要用独立主格，强调 came in

    ·roar v.    吼叫， 咆哮; n.吼叫声， 咆哮声；（风或海的）呼啸声，（机器的）隆隆声；（狮等的）吼叫声；爆笑声

        ·The roar of airplane engines announced a coming air raid.    飞机引擎的轰鸣声宣布空袭即将来临

        ·易混词

            ·exclamation n.    惊叫，感叹；感叹语，感叹词

            ·whistle n.    哨子；口哨声

            ·scream n.（因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等发出的）尖叫声

    ·模仿造句:宁静突然被打破，一个凶恶的家伙(a tough guy)，瞪着眼睛拿着枪，闯进了(break into) 银行。

        ·The silence was suddenly broken when a tough guy, with his eyes glaring and a gun in  his hand, broke into a bank.

It came to a stop outside the jeweller’s.

    ·came to a stop/halt = stop/halt

        ·Bruce charged at it, but in the middle, the car came to a grinding halt.    布鲁斯朝它冲过去，但车开到中间时嘎然停了下来

        ·come to an end = end

        ·come to a close = close

        ·come to a decision = decide

        ·come to a conclusion = conclude

One man stayed at the wheel while two others with black stockings over their faces jumped out and smashed the window of the shop with iron bars.

    ·be at the wheel    在驾驶室

    ·while 在此翻译为而

        ·He must be over 60, while/wherreas his wife looks about 30.    他一定有60多岁了，而他妻子看起来只有30岁左右

        ·While she is a likable girl, she can be extremely difficult to work with.    虽然她是一个可爱的女孩，但她可能非常难以合作 (此时的 while 表示“尽管”的意思)

        ·While they enjoy the comfort and banal luxury of their dwelling, they do not realize that they are deprived of the necessities of life.    当他们享受着舒适和平庸的豪华住所时，他们没有意识到他们被剥夺了生活必需品。

        ·While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers.    虽然法律新闻的质量参差不齐，但许多记者过分依赖律师提供给他们的解释

        ·While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.    虽然律师的评论和反应可能会增加报道的内容，但记者最好还是依靠自己对重要性的理解，做出自己的判断

        ·While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.    虽然华盛顿和杰斐逊私下表达了对奴隶制的厌恶，但他们也明白，奴隶制是他们帮助创建的这个国家的政治和经济基石的一部分

While this was going on, Mr. Taylor was upstairs.

    ·while 当 ... 发生时

        ·类似的

            ·at the same time

            ·meanwhile

            ·(in the) meantime

He and his staff began throwing furniture out of the window.

    ·begin doing/to do    开始做某事 (主动用 doing，客观用 to do)

        ·start doing/to do    开始做某事

        ·Many of the tourists on board had begun bargaining with the tradesmen, ...    船上的许多游客已经开始和商人讨价还价

        ·It began to rain.    天开始下雨了

        ·During the journey, the boat began to sink.    在旅途中，船开始下沉

    ·staff 和 furniture 不可数

Chairs and tables went flying into the arcade.

    ·chair 和 table 可数

    ·flying    非谓语动词作方式状语

        ·The boy went running to meet him.    男孩跑过去迎接他

        ·The girl came bouncing to tell me the news.    那女孩蹦蹦跳跳地来告诉我这个消息

One of the thieves was struck by a heavy statue, but he was too busy helping himself to diamonds to notice any pain.

    ·be busy doing sth.    忙于做某事

        ·be busy with sth.    忙于某事

        ·They are busy preparing for the wedding.    他们正忙着准备婚礼

        ·They are busy with preparations for the wedding.    他们正忙着准备婚礼

    ·be busy doing sth. to do sth.    太忙与做某事而没能 ...

        ·He was too busy working to notice us come in.    他工作太忙了，没有注意到我们进来

        ·类似句型

            ·be up to one's neck/ears/eyes in ...    忙得不可开交

                ·He is up to his ears in work.    他工作忙得不可开交

                ·I'm up to my ears in work, so l'll have to take a rain check.

                    ·take a rain check    改日

            ·be wrapped up in ...    忙于某事

            ·be absorbed in ...    全神贯注于

                ·In the new country he became absorbed in making a new life for the two of us, so that he gradually ceased to grieve.    在这个新的国家里，他全神贯注地为我们俩开创新的生活，所以他逐渐不再悲伤了

            ·be immersed in ...    沉浸于

                ·He is totally immersed in the novel.    他完全沉浸在小说中

    ·help oneself to sth.    自便。本文中意为抢，偷 (抽象含义：未经主人允许自己拿)

        ·They helped themselves to the farmer's apples.    他们偷吃了农夫的苹果

The raid was all over in three minutes, for the men scrambled back into the car and it moved off at a fantastic speed.

    ·all over    完全结束

    ·in three minutes    花费了三分钟，in + 时间，表示花费了 ... 时间

        ·within + 时间，表示：在 ... 时间内

        ·under + 时间，表示：不到 ... 时间

        ·The birds covered the distance in three minutes.    这些鸟在三分钟内飞完了这段距离

    ·scrambled v.    仓皇地跑

        ·As the burning plane landed, the terrified passengers scrambled for the door.    着火的飞机着陆时，惊慌失措的乘客争先恐后地向舱门跑去

    ·move off    离开

    ·at a fantastic speed    以惊人的速度

        ·used to show a rate, speed, etc. （用于速度、比率等）以，达

    ·1.speed 做不可数名词时，与 at，with 搭配均可

        ·e.g. at/with great speed    以极快的速度

    ·2.speed 做可数名词时，只能与 at 搭配

        ·e.g. at a speed of 60 mph    以每小时60英里的速度

Just as it was leaving, Mr. Taylor rushed out and ran after it throwing ashtrays and vases, but it was impossible to stop the thieves.

    ·Just as    引导时间状语从句

    ·throwing 引导伴随状语从句

    ·ran after    在后面追；追求

        ·chase v.    追逐，追赶；追求

            ·Instead of studying, he wastes his time chasing girls.

        ·pursue v.    追求；追逐

            ·The thief ran across the field, with an officer pursuing him.    小偷跑过田野，一名军官在后面追赶

    · impossible/possible 主语不能是人

They had got away with thousands of pounds worth of diamonds.

    ·金钱 + worth of + 物品    价值多少钱的东西

        ·one billion dollars worth of merchandise.     价值十亿美元的商品

         ·fifty pence worth of trouble    50便士的麻烦

        ·Well I'm alone and I just bought fifteen dollars worth of candy bars, what do you think?    好吧，我一个人，我刚买了15美元的糖果棒，你觉得呢?

        ·I just bought 50 yuan worth of groceries.    我刚买了价值50元的杂货