常见的考研经济金融词汇
financial turmoil/meltdown 金融危机 federal Reserve 美联储
real estate 房地产share 股票valuation 股价equity market 股市shareholder 股东
macroeconomic 宏观经济saving account 储蓄帐户go under 破产
take a nosedive （股市）大跌tumble 下跌
big macs,big/large-cap stock,mega-issue 大盘股offering list 上市
bourse 证交所
corporate champion 龙头企业Shanghai Exchange 上海证交所pension fund 养老基金
mutual fund 共同基金
hedge mutual fund 对冲式共同基金
underwriter 保险商government bond 政府债券budget 预算
deficit 赤字delist 摘牌
mongey-loser 亏损企业inventory 存货
traded company, trading enterprise 上市公司stakeholder 利益相关者
transparency 透明度
market fundamentalist 市场经济基本规则damage-contral machinery 安全顾问efficient market 有效市场
intellectual property 知识产权opportunistic practice 投机行为entrepreneur 企业家
cook the book 做假帐regulatory system 监管体系portfolio 投资组合
money-market 短期资本市场capital-market 长期资本市场
volatility 波动diversification 多元化option 期权
call option 看涨期权put option 看跌期权merger 并购arbitrage 套利
Securities and Exchange Commission 〈美〉证券交易委员会dollar standard 美元本位制
bad debt 坏帐
fiscal stimulus 财政刺激a store of value 保值
transaction currency 结算货币forward exchange 期货交易intervention currency 干预货币Treasury bond 财政部公债current-account 经常项目pickup in rice 物价上涨
Federal Reserve 美联储inflation 通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩
tighter credit 紧缩信贷monetary policy 货币政策foreign exchange 外汇spot transaction 即期交易
forward transaction 远期交易option forward transaction 择期交易swap transaction 调期交易
quote 报价
settlement and delivery 交割buying rate 买入价
selling rate 卖出价spread 差幅contract 合同
at par 平价premium 升水discount 贴水
direct quotation method 直接报价法indirect quotation method 间接报价法dividend 股息
domestic currency 本币floating rate 浮动利率
parent company 母公司credit swap 互惠贷款venture capital 风险资本book value 帐面价值physical capital 实际资本
IPO(initial public offering) 新股首发；首次公开发行job machine 就业市场
welfare capitalism 福利资本主义collective market cap 市场资本总值global corporation 跨国公司transnational status 跨国优势transfer price 转让价格consolidation 兼并
leverage 杠杆
file for bankruptcy 申请破产bailout 救助
take over 收购
buy out 购买(某人的)产权或全部货物falter 摇摇欲坠
on the hook 被套住
shore up confidence 提振市场信心
stave off 挡开, 避开, liquidate assets 资产清算at fire sale prices 超低价sell-off 证券的跌价
不景气 slump （衰退 recession）二板市场 the second board market China Growth Enterprise Market 中国创业板
market capitalization 市场资本总额institutional shares 法人股
private company shares 内部股（非上市招股） bull market 牛市
legal risk 法律风险
risk management 风险管理
maintain strong underwriting standards 坚持严格的贷款标准risks in 6 key areas (U.S. Federal Reserve criterion) 六大风险credit risk 信用风险
supply-side economist 供给学派
agriculture (primary industry) 第一产业（农业）
manufacturing industry (secondary industry) 第二产业（工业） service industry (tertiary industry) 第三产业（服务业）
major economic indicators 主要经济指标
GDP gross domestic product 国内生产总值 （商品和劳务币值总和，不包括海外收入支出）
GNP gross national product 国民生产总值 （商品和劳务币值总和，包括海外收入支出）
GDP per capital 人均国内生产总值macro economy 宏观经济mutual fund 互助基金
expand domestic demand 扩大内需
inspire the general public's confidence in the future needs 改善居民心理期encourage more immediate consumption 鼓励增加即期消费
long-term treasury bonds 长期国债
to service treasury bonds 支付国债利息deficits and the national debt 财政赤字和债务
calculate on the base line 按原口径计算calculate at constant price 按不变价格计算calculate at comparable price 按可比价格计算listed in the fiscal budget 列入财政预算支出
the system of exchange, settlement and sales 结售汇制度
favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account 经常项目顺差
engage in Renminbi (RMB) business 开办人民币业务
the system of refunding taxes on exported goods 出口退税制度Deposit account system for processing trade 保证金台帐制度pay by installment 分期付款
inflation-proof bank savings 保值储蓄collateralised loans 抵押贷款residential mortgage loan 住房抵押贷款Monetarist 货币主义者
planned economy 计划经济
mandatory plan 指令性计划technology intensive 技术密集型mass production 大规模生产cash tree 经济林
follow-up auditing 跟踪审计liquidity risk 流动性风险operational risk 操作风险internal audit 内部审计
bear sales 抛售
supporting policies 配套政策
The People’s Bank of China（central bank） 中国人民银行（中央银行） 4 major state-owned commercial banks 四大国有商业银行
Bank of china 中国银行
ndustrial and Commercial Bank of China 中国工商银行Construction Bank of China 中国建设银行
Agricultural Bank of China 中国农业银行
China Merchants Bank 招商银行soft stock 疲软股票
allotment of shares 配股
growth rate in real terms 实际增长率average growth rate per annual 年均增长率rate of return on investment 投资回报率total foreign trade value 外贸进出口总额
incoming overseas capital (investment) in place 实际利用外资consumer price index (CPI) 消费价格指数
retail price index （RPI） 零售价格指数
total price index of living cost 生活费用价格总指数income available for living expenses 生活费用
in real terms / on inflation-adjusted basis 扣除物价因素residents’ bank savings deposit 居民储蓄存款
Engel coefficient 恩格尔系数（食品开支占总支出的比例） Gini coefficient 基尼系数（衡量地区差别）
purchasing power parity (PPP) 购买力平价法 （衡量使用不同货币的两个国家或地区的经济水平、收入水平的一种计算法，用相等的汇率比较两种货币各自的国内购买力）
excessive pursuit of growth 片面追求发展速度bubble economy 泡沫经济
overheating of economy 经济过热Inflation 通货膨胀
the real economy 实体经济laws of economics 经济规律market regulation 市场调节
optimize allocation of resources 优化资源配置advantage of economies of scale 规模经营优势labor intensive 劳动密集型
market risk 市场风险
tighten up monetary policy 收紧银根
moderately tight fiscal policy 适度从紧的财政政策
credit crunch 信用紧缩
In state commercial banks, internal capital allocation should be improve 加强国有商业银行内部资金调度
Limits of authority for examining and approving loans should be rationally defined. 合理划分贷款审批权限
ensure floating capital loans for well-performing and trustworthy enterprises which turn out the right products for the right markets
保证有市场、有效益、守信用企业的流动资金贷款
attract investment from the private sector 启动民间投资
the right products / readily marketable products 适销对路的产品state-owned enterprises (SOEs) 国有企业
collectively-owned (partnership) enterprises 集体企业private businesses 私营企业
privately-run businesses 民营企业
small-and-medium-sized enterprises 中小企业
overseas-invested enterprises; foreign-invested enterprises
(Chinese-overseas equity joint ventures, Chinese-overseas contractual joint ventures, wholly foreign- owned enterprises)
三资企业（中外合资、中外合作、外商独资） guaranty money for deposits 存款保证金withdrawal of currency from circulation 货币回笼absorb idle fund 吸收游资
commercial lending 经常性贷款operating expenses 经常性支出re-lending; subloan 再贷款
support large state-owned enterprises and high and innovative technology companies in their efforts to seek financing by listing on the stock market 支持国有大型企业和高新技术企业上市融资
An enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market. 改制上市
further standardize and develop the securities market 进一步规范和发展证券市场
increase the proportion of direct financing 增加直接融资比重
improve the system for IPO and listing on stock markets 完善股票发行上市制度
China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) 中国证监会Shenzhen Stock Exchange 深圳证券交易所市
Shanghai Stock Exchange 上海证券交易所composite index 综合指数
NASDAQ （National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation 纳斯达克（高技术企业板）
the main board 主板市场Deflation 通货紧缩
the three-step development strategy of China’s modernization drive 中国现代化建设分三步走的战略
Step One: GDP of 1990 doubles that of 1980
第一步，到 1990 年国民生产总值比 1980 年翻一番
Step Two: GDP of 2000 quadruples that of 1980; people live a fairly comfortable life.
.第二步，到 2000 年人均国民生产总值比 1980 年翻两番，人民生活达到小康水平
Step Three: By the year 2049, the 100th anniversary of the P.R.C., China’ s level of development is expected to be on par with the mid-ranking developed countries
第三步，到 21 世纪中期建国 100 周年时，达到中等发达国家水平be more closely linked to the world economy
与世界经济的联系将更加紧密
The huge market potential that China enjoys will be turned into tangible purchasing power.
中国巨大的市场潜力将逐步转化为现实的购买力
The regulatory and legal system is not well established as to adapt to the demand of market economy.
适应市场经济需要的法律法规体系还不够健全
The economic management system may not be readily adapted to the changes. 经济管理体制可能会出现一些不适应
Some sectors of economy and some businesses may be adversely affected. 一些行业和企业可能会受到冲击
proceed from national conditions in China and bring our advantages into play. 立足中国国情，发挥自身优势
foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses and rise to the challenge of economic globalization 扬长避短，趋利避害，迎接经济全球化的挑战
bottleneck constraints 瓶颈制约
decentralization and interest concessions (in late 1980s and early 1990s) 放权让利
intensify reform; deepen one’s commitment to reform 深化改革supporting (concomitant) reforms 配套改革
counterpart funds; local funding of 配套资金
improve economic performance; increase economic returns 提高经济效益value contribution to society; pay attention to social effect 讲求社会效益
develop information-based economy accelerate IT application in economy 加速国民经济信息化
fuel economic growth 拉动经济增长
substitution of tax payment for profit delivery 利改税transform administrative fees into taxes 费改税
debt-to-equity swap 债转股
in an easy position (tight position) 头寸宽裕（头寸紧缺） sunrise industry 朝阳产业
the system of public bidding for project 招标投标制
give full play to the role of monetary policy 充分发挥货币政策的作用follow a pro-active fiscal policy 实施积极的财政政策
bonds to banks to increase investment. 向银行增发国债，扩大投资Recapitalization 再注资
to ease monetary policy 放松银根IT economy 信息经济
export-oriented economy 外向型经济information age 信息时代
Globalization 全球化 （全球性 globality） reputational risk 信誉风险
risk rating 风险评级
default on a loan 到期不还贷
Asian financial crisis (1997-98) 资不抵债亚洲金融危机investment (loan) portfolio 投资（贷款）组合sufficient foreign exchange reserves 外汇储备充足
problems with financial sector in China 中国金融业问题
the excessively large proportion of savings in the money supply 储蓄比例过高
high leverage ratio of the state-owned enterprises 国有企业产负债率过高
high ratio of non-performing loans of the state commercial banks 国有独资商业银行不良资产比例过高
insolvency of a handful of small and medium-sized financial institution 少数中小存款金融机构不能支付到期债务
non-performing loans 不良贷款
address financial risks 防范和化解金融风险
creditworthiness and ability to fulfil their civil liabilities 提高企业借贷和行使民事责任的能力
supervisory board 监事会
adopt prudential accounting standards 实行谨慎会计制度
the five-category asset classification approach 五级分类法划分贷款质量financial asset management companies 金融资产管理公司
substantially reduce the ratio of non-performing assets 分离和收回不良资产
business segregation, economy of scale 分业管理、规模经营
improve the market exit mechanism for financial institutions 规范金融机构市场退出制度
state policy-related bank 政策性银行State Development Bank 国家发展银行knowledge-based economy 知识经济
Internet-based networked economy 网络经济socialist market economy 社会主义市场经济（中国） social market economy 社会市场经济（德国）
new economy 新经济（美国） Everbright Bank of China 中国光大银行
China Minsheng Banking Corporation Ltd. 中国民生银行CITIC Industrial Bank 中信实业银行
China EXIM Bank 中国进出口银行
Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HKSBC) 汇丰银行financial supervision 金融监管
Law of the People’s Bank of China 中国人民银行法Law of Commercial Banks 商业银行法
Law of Insurance 保险法Law of Securities 证券法
Basel Core Principles 巴塞尔原则
problems of supervised entities’ behavior and the unsound internal governance mechanism 监管对象的行为有问题、管理机制不健全
consciousness of risk prevention 风险意识proactive regulation and supervision 事前监管
account number 帐目编号depositor 存户
pay-in slip 存款单
a deposit form 存款单
a banding machine 自动存取机to deposit 存款
deposit receipt 存款收据private deposits 私人存款certificate of deposit 存单deposit book, passbook 存折credit card 信用卡
principal 本金
overdraft, overdraw 透支to counter sign 双签
to endorse 背书endorser 背书人
to cash 兑现
to honor a check 兑付
to dishonor a check 拒付to suspend payment 止付check 支票
check book 支票本order check 记名支票bearer check 不记名支票crossed check 横线支票blank check 空白支票rubber check 空头支票
check stub, counterfoil 票根cash check 现金支票traveler's check 旅行支票check for transfer 转帐支票outstanding check 未付支票
canceled check 已付支票forged check 伪支票Bandar's note 庄票，银票banker 银行家
president 行长savings bank 储蓄银行Chase Bank 大通银行
National City Bank of New York 花旗银行
Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China 麦加利银行Banque de I'Indo Chine 东方汇理银行
central bank, national bank, banker's bank 中央银行bank of issue, bank of circulation 发行币银行commercial bank 商业银行
credit bank 储蓄信贷银行discount bank 贴现银行exchange bank 汇兑银行
requesting bank 委托开证银行issuing bank, opening bank 开证银行
advising bank, notifying bank 通知银行negotiation bank 议付银行
confirming bank 保兑银行paying bank 付款银行
associate banker of collection 代收银行consigned banker of collection 委托银行clearing bank 清算银行
local bank 本地银行domestic bank 国内银行overseas bank 国外银行unincorporated bank 钱庄branch bank 银行分行
trustee savings bank 信托储蓄银行trust company 信托公司
financial trust 金融信托公司unit trust 信托投资公司
trust institution 银行的信托部credit department 银行的信用部
commercial credit company(discount company) 商业信贷公司（贴现公司） neighborhood savings bank, bank of deposit 街道储蓄所
credit union 合作银行credit bureau 商业兴信所self-service bank 无人银行land bank 土地银行
mutual savings bank 互助储蓄银行post office savings bank 邮局储蓄银行
mortgage bank, building society 抵押银行industrial bank 实业银行
home loan bank 家宅贷款银行reserve bank 准备银行
chartered bank 特许银行corresponding bank 往来银行
merchant bank, accepting bank 承兑银行investment bank 投资银行
import and export bank (EXIMBANK) 进出口银行joint venture bank 合资银行
money shop, native bank 钱庄credit cooperatives 信用社clearing house 票据交换所public accounting 公共会计business accounting 商业会计cost accounting 成本会计
depreciation accounting 折旧会计computerized accounting 电脑化会计general ledger 总帐
subsidiary ledger 分户帐
cash book 现金出纳帐cash account 现金帐
journal, day-book 日记帐，流水帐investment 投资
surplus 结余
economic cycle 经济周期economic boom 经济繁荣economic recession 经济衰退economic depression 经济萧条economic recovery 经济复苏devaluation 货币贬值revaluation 货币增值
international balance of payment 国际收支favorable balance 顺差
adverse balance 逆差hard currency 硬通货
soft currency 软通货
international monetary system 国际货币制度the purchasing power of money 货币购买力money in circulation 货币流通量
note issue 纸币发行量national budget 国家预算
national gross product 国民生产总值public bond 公债
debenture 债券treasury bill 国库券debt chain 债务链
direct exchange 直接（对角）套汇indirect exchange 间接（三角）套汇cross rate, arbitrage rate 套汇汇率
foreign currency (exchange) reserve 外汇储备foreign exchange fluctuation 外汇波动
foreign exchange crisis 外汇危机discount 贴现
discount rate, bank rate 贴现率gold reserve 黄金储备
money (financial) market 金融市场stock exchange 股票交易所
broker 经纪人commission 佣金bookkeeping 簿记bookkeeper 簿记员
an application form 申请单bank statement 对帐单letter of credit 信用证strong room, vault 保险库
equitable tax system 等价税则specimen signature 签字式样
banking hours, business hours 营业时间share, equity, stock 股票、股权negotiable share 可流通股份
treasury /government bond 国库券/政府债券
closed-end securities investment fund 封闭式证券投资基金open-end securities investment fund 开放式证券投资基金market capitalization 市值
mark-to-market 逐日盯市clearing and settlement 清算/结算put / call option 看跌/看涨期权rights issue/offering 配股
ADR(American Depository Receipt)美国存托凭证/存股证GDR(Global Depository Receipt) 全球存托凭证/存股证institutional investor 机构投资者
proprietary trading 自营market manipulation 市场操纵
IPO(Initial Public Offering)新股初始公开发行premium 溢价
share capital 股本composite index 综合指数capital market 资本市场liquidity 流通性
highly-leveraged institutions(HLI) 高杠杆交易机构subscribe 申购
underwriter 承销商road show 路演
primary market 一级市场information disclosure 信息披露blue chips 蓝筹股
gilt-edged bond 金边债券rating agency 评级机构credit trading 信用交易
open/close a position 建/平仓bond, debenture, debts 债券convertible bond 可转换债券corporate bond 企业债券
fund manager 基金经理/管理公司fund custodian bank 基金托管银行p/e (price/earning) ratio 市盈率payment versus delivery 银券交付
commodity/financial derivatives 商品/金融衍生产品margins, collateral 保证金
bonus share 红股dividend 红利/股息
retail / private investor 个人投资者/散户broker/dealer 券商
insider trading/dealing 内幕交易prospectus 招股说明书
merger and acquisition 收购兼并warrant 认股权证
raised capital/proceeds 筹资component index 成份指数turnover rate 换手率monetary market 货币市场hedge fund 对冲基金
self-regulatory organization(SRO)自律组织issuer 发行人
intermediary 中介机构secondary listing 第二上市secondary market 二级市场controlling shareholder 控股股东red chips 红筹股
junk bond 立即债券securities loan 融券
financing 融资
volatility 波动diversification 多元化option 期权
call option 看涨期权put option 看跌期权merger 并购arbitrage 套利
Securities and Exchange Commission 〈美〉证券交易委员会dollar standard 美元本位制
bad debt 坏帐
fiscal stimulus 财政刺激a store of value 保值
transaction currency 结算货币forward exchange 期货交易intervention currency 干预货币Treasury bond 财政部公债current-account 经常项目pickup in rice 物价上涨
Federal Reserve 美联储inflation 通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩
tighter credit 紧缩信贷monetary policy 货币政策foreign exchange 外汇spot transaction 即期交易
forward transaction 远期交易option forward transaction 择期交易swap transaction 调期交易
quote 报价
settlement and delivery 交割buying rate 买入价
selling rate 卖出价spread 差幅contract 合同
at par 平价premium 升水discount 贴水
direct quotation method 直接报价法indirect quotation method 间接报价法dividend 股息
domestic currency 本币floating rate 浮动利率
parent company 母公司credit swap 互惠贷款venture capital 风险资本book value 帐面价值physical capital 实际资本
IPO(initial public offering) 新股首发；首次公开发行job machine 就业市场
welfare capitalism 福利资本主义collective market cap 市场资本总值global corporation 跨国公司transnational status 跨国优势transfer price 转让价格consolidation 兼并
leverage 杠杆
file for bankruptcy 申请破产bailout 救助
take over 收购
buy out 购买(某人的)产权或全部货物falter 摇摇欲坠
on the hook 被套住
shore up confidence 提振市场信心
stave off 挡开, 避开, liquidate assets 资产清算at fire sale prices 超低价sell-off 证券的跌价
不景气 slump （衰退 recession）二板市场 the second board market China Growth Enterprise Market 中国创业板
market capitalization 市场资本总额institutional shares 法人股
private company shares 内部股（非上市招股） bull market 牛市
legal risk 法律风险
risk management 风险管理
maintain strong underwriting standards 坚持严格的贷款标准risks in 6 key areas (U.S. Federal Reserve criterion) 六大风险credit risk 信用风险
supply-side economist 供给学派
agriculture (primary industry) 第一产业（农业）
manufacturing industry (secondary industry) 第二产业（工业） service industry (tertiary industry) 第三产业（服务业）
major economic indicators 主要经济指标
GDP gross domestic product 国内生产总值 （商品和劳务币值总和，不包括海外收入支出）
GNP gross national product 国民生产总值 （商品和劳务币值总和，包括海外收入支出）
GDP per capital 人均国内生产总值macro economy 宏观经济mutual fund 互助基金
expand domestic demand 扩大内需
inspire the general public's confidence in the future needs 改善居民心理期encourage more immediate consumption 鼓励增加即期消费
long-term treasury bonds 长期国债
to service treasury bonds 支付国债利息deficits and the national debt 财政赤字和债务
calculate on the base line 按原口径计算calculate at constant price 按不变价格计算calculate at comparable price 按可比价格计算listed in the fiscal budget 列入财政预算支出
the system of exchange, settlement and sales 结售汇制度
favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account 经常项目顺差
engage in Renminbi (RMB) business 开办人民币业务
the system of refunding taxes on exported goods 出口退税制度Deposit account system for processing trade 保证金台帐制度pay by installment 分期付款
inflation-proof bank savings 保值储蓄collateralised loans 抵押贷款residential mortgage loan 住房抵押贷款Monetarist 货币主义者
planned economy 计划经济
mandatory plan 指令性计划technology intensive 技术密集型mass production 大规模生产cash tree 经济林
follow-up auditing 跟踪审计liquidity risk 流动性风险operational risk 操作风险internal audit 内部审计
bear sales 抛售
supporting policies 配套政策
The People’s Bank of China（central bank） 中国人民银行（中央银行） 4 major state-owned commercial banks 四大国有商业银行
Bank of china 中国银行
ndustrial and Commercial Bank of China 中国工商银行Construction Bank of China 中国建设银行
Agricultural Bank of China 中国农业银行
China Merchants Bank 招商银行soft stock 疲软股票
allotment of shares 配股
growth rate in real terms 实际增长率average growth rate per annual 年均增长率rate of return on investment 投资回报率total foreign trade value 外贸进出口总额
incoming overseas capital (investment) in place 实际利用外资consumer price index (CPI) 消费价格指数
retail price index （RPI） 零售价格指数
total price index of living cost 生活费用价格总指数income available for living expenses 生活费用
in real terms / on inflation-adjusted basis 扣除物价因素residents’ bank savings deposit 居民储蓄存款
Engel coefficient 恩格尔系数（食品开支占总支出的比例） Gini coefficient 基尼系数（衡量地区差别）
purchasing power parity (PPP) 购买力平价法 （衡量使用不同货币的两个国家或地区的经济水平、收入水平的一种计算法，用相等的汇率比较两种货币各自的国内购买力）
excessive pursuit of growth 片面追求发展速度bubble economy 泡沫经济
overheating of economy 经济过热Inflation 通货膨胀
the real economy 实体经济laws of economics 经济规律market regulation 市场调节
optimize allocation of resources 优化资源配置advantage of economies of scale 规模经营优势labor intensive 劳动密集型
market risk 市场风险
tighten up monetary policy 收紧银根
moderately tight fiscal policy 适度从紧的财政政策
credit crunch 信用紧缩
In state commercial banks, internal capital allocation should be improve 加强国有商业银行内部资金调度
Limits of authority for examining and approving loans should be rationally defined. 合理划分贷款审批权限
ensure floating capital loans for well-performing and trustworthy enterprises which turn out the right products for the right markets
保证有市场、有效益、守信用企业的流动资金贷款
attract investment from the private sector 启动民间投资
the right products / readily marketable products 适销对路的产品state-owned enterprises (SOEs) 国有企业
collectively-owned (partnership) enterprises 集体企业private businesses 私营企业
privately-run businesses 民营企业
small-and-medium-sized enterprises 中小企业
overseas-invested enterprises; foreign-invested enterprises
(Chinese-overseas equity joint ventures, Chinese-overseas contractual joint ventures, wholly foreign- owned enterprises)
三资企业（中外合资、中外合作、外商独资） guaranty money for deposits 存款保证金withdrawal of currency from circulation 货币回笼absorb idle fund 吸收游资
commercial lending 经常性贷款operating expenses 经常性支出re-lending; subloan 再贷款
support large state-owned enterprises and high and innovative technology companies in their efforts to seek financing by listing on the stock market 支持国有大型企业和高新技术企业上市融资
An enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market. 改制上市
further standardize and develop the securities market 进一步规范和发展证券市场
increase the proportion of direct financing 增加直接融资比重
improve the system for IPO and listing on stock markets 完善股票发行上市制度
China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) 中国证监会Shenzhen Stock Exchange 深圳证券交易所市
Shanghai Stock Exchange 上海证券交易所composite index 综合指数
NASDAQ （National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation 纳斯达克（高技术企业板）
the main board 主板市场Deflation 通货紧缩
the three-step development strategy of China’s modernization drive 中国现代化建设分三步走的战略
Step One: GDP of 1990 doubles that of 1980
第一步，到 1990 年国民生产总值比 1980 年翻一番
Step Two: GDP of 2000 quadruples that of 1980; people live a fairly comfortable life.
.第二步，到 2000 年人均国民生产总值比 1980 年翻两番，人民生活达到小康水平
Step Three: By the year 2049, the 100th anniversary of the P.R.C., China’ s level of development is expected to be on par with the mid-ranking developed countries
第三步，到 21 世纪中期建国 100 周年时，达到中等发达国家水平be more closely linked to the world economy
与世界经济的联系将更加紧密
The huge market potential that China enjoys will be turned into tangible purchasing power.
中国巨大的市场潜力将逐步转化为现实的购买力
The regulatory and legal system is not well established as to adapt to the demand of market economy.
适应市场经济需要的法律法规体系还不够健全
The economic management system may not be readily adapted to the changes. 经济管理体制可能会出现一些不适应
Some sectors of economy and some businesses may be adversely affected. 一些行业和企业可能会受到冲击
proceed from national conditions in China and bring our advantages into play. 立足中国国情，发挥自身优势
foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses and rise to the challenge of economic globalization 扬长避短，趋利避害，迎接经济全球化的挑战
bottleneck constraints 瓶颈制约
decentralization and interest concessions (in late 1980s and early 1990s) 放权让利
intensify reform; deepen one’s commitment to reform 深化改革supporting (concomitant) reforms 配套改革
counterpart funds; local funding of 配套资金
improve economic performance; increase economic returns 提高经济效益value contribution to society; pay attention to social effect 讲求社会效益
develop information-based economy accelerate IT application in economy 加速国民经济信息化
fuel economic growth 拉动经济增长
substitution of tax payment for profit delivery 利改税transform administrative fees into taxes 费改税
debt-to-equity swap 债转股
in an easy position (tight position) 头寸宽裕（头寸紧缺） sunrise industry 朝阳产业
the system of public bidding for project 招标投标制
give full play to the role of monetary policy 充分发挥货币政策的作用follow a pro-active fiscal policy 实施积极的财政政策
bonds to banks to increase investment. 向银行增发国债，扩大投资Recapitalization 再注资
to ease monetary policy 放松银根IT economy 信息经济
export-oriented economy 外向型经济information age 信息时代
Globalization 全球化 （全球性 globality） reputational risk 信誉风险
risk rating 风险评级
default on a loan 到期不还贷
Asian financial crisis (1997-98) 资不抵债亚洲金融危机investment (loan) portfolio 投资（贷款）组合sufficient foreign exchange reserves 外汇储备充足
problems with financial sector in China 中国金融业问题
the excessively large proportion of savings in the money supply 储蓄比例过高
high leverage ratio of the state-owned enterprises 国有企业产负债率过高
high ratio of non-performing loans of the state commercial banks 国有独资商业银行不良资产比例过高
insolvency of a handful of small and medium-sized financial institution 少数中小存款金融机构不能支付到期债务
non-performing loans 不良贷款
address financial risks 防范和化解金融风险
creditworthiness and ability to fulfil their civil liabilities 提高企业借贷和行使民事责任的能力
supervisory board 监事会
adopt prudential accounting standards 实行谨慎会计制度
the five-category asset classification approach 五级分类法划分贷款质量financial asset management companies 金融资产管理公司
substantially reduce the ratio of non-performing assets 分离和收回不良资产
business segregation, economy of scale 分业管理、规模经营
improve the market exit mechanism for financial institutions 规范金融机构市场退出制度
state policy-related bank 政策性银行State Development Bank 国家发展银行knowledge-based economy 知识经济
Internet-based networked economy 网络经济socialist market economy 社会主义市场经济（中国） social market economy 社会市场经济（德国）
new economy 新经济（美国） Everbright Bank of China 中国光大银行
China Minsheng Banking Corporation Ltd. 中国民生银行CITIC Industrial Bank 中信实业银行
China EXIM Bank 中国进出口银行
Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HKSBC) 汇丰银行financial supervision 金融监管
Law of the People’s Bank of China 中国人民银行法Law of Commercial Banks 商业银行法
Law of Insurance 保险法Law of Securities 证券法
Basel Core Principles 巴塞尔原则
problems of supervised entities’ behavior and the unsound internal governance mechanism 监管对象的行为有问题、管理机制不健全
consciousness of risk prevention 风险意识proactive regulation and supervision 事前监管
account number 帐目编号depositor 存户
pay-in slip 存款单
a deposit form 存款单
a banding machine 自动存取机to deposit 存款
deposit receipt 存款收据private deposits 私人存款certificate of deposit 存单deposit book, passbook 存折credit card 信用卡
principal 本金
overdraft, overdraw 透支to counter sign 双签
to endorse 背书endorser 背书人
to cash 兑现
to honor a check 兑付
to dishonor a check 拒付to suspend payment 止付check 支票
check book 支票本order check 记名支票bearer check 不记名支票crossed check 横线支票blank check 空白支票rubber check 空头支票
check stub, counterfoil 票根cash check 现金支票traveler's check 旅行支票check for transfer 转帐支票outstanding check 未付支票
canceled check 已付支票forged check 伪支票Bandar's note 庄票，银票banker 银行家
president 行长savings bank 储蓄银行Chase Bank 大通银行
National City Bank of New York 花旗银行
Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China 麦加利银行Banque de I'Indo Chine 东方汇理银行
central bank, national bank, banker's bank 中央银行bank of issue, bank of circulation 发行币银行commercial bank 商业银行
credit bank 储蓄信贷银行discount bank 贴现银行exchange bank 汇兑银行
requesting bank 委托开证银行issuing bank, opening bank 开证银行
advising bank, notifying bank 通知银行negotiation bank 议付银行
confirming bank 保兑银行paying bank 付款银行
associate banker of collection 代收银行consigned banker of collection 委托银行clearing bank 清算银行
local bank 本地银行domestic bank 国内银行overseas bank 国外银行unincorporated bank 钱庄branch bank 银行分行
trustee savings bank 信托储蓄银行trust company 信托公司
financial trust 金融信托公司unit trust 信托投资公司
trust institution 银行的信托部credit department 银行的信用部
commercial credit company(discount company) 商业信贷公司（贴现公司） neighborhood savings bank, bank of deposit 街道储蓄所
credit union 合作银行credit bureau 商业兴信所self-service bank 无人银行land bank 土地银行
mutual savings bank 互助储蓄银行post office savings bank 邮局储蓄银行
mortgage bank, building society 抵押银行industrial bank 实业银行
home loan bank 家宅贷款银行reserve bank 准备银行
chartered bank 特许银行corresponding bank 往来银行
merchant bank, accepting bank 承兑银行investment bank 投资银行
import and export bank (EXIMBANK) 进出口银行joint venture bank 合资银行
money shop, native bank 钱庄credit cooperatives 信用社clearing house 票据交换所public accounting 公共会计business accounting 商业会计cost accounting 成本会计
depreciation accounting 折旧会计computerized accounting 电脑化会计general ledger 总帐
subsidiary ledger 分户帐
cash book 现金出纳帐cash account 现金帐
journal, day-book 日记帐，流水帐investment 投资
surplus 结余
economic cycle 经济周期economic boom 经济繁荣economic recession 经济衰退economic depression 经济萧条economic recovery 经济复苏devaluation 货币贬值revaluation 货币增值
international balance of payment 国际收支favorable balance 顺差
adverse balance 逆差hard currency 硬通货
soft currency 软通货
international monetary system 国际货币制度the purchasing power of money 货币购买力money in circulation 货币流通量
note issue 纸币发行量national budget 国家预算
national gross product 国民生产总值public bond 公债
debenture 债券treasury bill 国库券debt chain 债务链
direct exchange 直接（对角）套汇indirect exchange 间接（三角）套汇cross rate, arbitrage rate 套汇汇率
foreign currency (exchange) reserve 外汇储备foreign exchange fluctuation 外汇波动
foreign exchange crisis 外汇危机discount 贴现
discount rate, bank rate 贴现率gold reserve 黄金储备
money (financial) market 金融市场stock exchange 股票交易所
broker 经纪人commission 佣金bookkeeping 簿记bookkeeper 簿记员
an application form 申请单bank statement 对帐单letter of credit 信用证strong room, vault 保险库
equitable tax system 等价税则specimen signature 签字式样
banking hours, business hours 营业时间share, equity, stock 股票、股权negotiable share 可流通股份
treasury /government bond 国库券/政府债券
closed-end securities investment fund 封闭式证券投资基金open-end securities investment fund 开放式证券投资基金market capitalization 市值
mark-to-market 逐日盯市clearing and settlement 清算/结算put / call option 看跌/看涨期权rights issue/offering 配股
ADR(American Depository Receipt)美国存托凭证/存股证GDR(Global Depository Receipt) 全球存托凭证/存股证institutional investor 机构投资者
proprietary trading 自营market manipulation 市场操纵
IPO(Initial Public Offering)新股初始公开发行premium 溢价
share capital 股本composite index 综合指数capital market 资本市场liquidity 流通性
highly-leveraged institutions(HLI) 高杠杆交易机构subscribe 申购
underwriter 承销商road show 路演
primary market 一级市场information disclosure 信息披露blue chips 蓝筹股
gilt-edged bond 金边债券rating agency 评级机构credit trading 信用交易
open/close a position 建/平仓bond, debenture, debts 债券convertible bond 可转换债券corporate bond 企业债券
fund manager 基金经理/管理公司fund custodian bank 基金托管银行p/e (price/earning) ratio 市盈率payment versus delivery 银券交付
commodity/financial derivatives 商品/金融衍生产品margins, collateral 保证金
bonus share 红股dividend 红利/股息
retail / private investor 个人投资者/散户broker/dealer 券商
insider trading/dealing 内幕交易prospectus 招股说明书
merger and acquisition 收购兼并warrant 认股权证
raised capital/proceeds 筹资component index 成份指数turnover rate 换手率monetary market 货币市场hedge fund 对冲基金
self-regulatory organization(SRO)自律组织issuer 发行人
intermediary 中介机构secondary listing 第二上市secondary market 二级市场controlling shareholder 控股股东red chips 红筹股
junk bond 立即债券securities loan 融券
financing 融资
