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隐含的零点(2021全国甲,12)

2023-02-06 22:08 作者:数学老顽童  | 我要投稿

(2021全国甲,12)设函数f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20的定义域为%5Cmathbf%7BR%7Df%5Cleft(%20x%2B1%20%5Cright)%20为奇函数,f%5Cleft(%20x%2B2%20%5Cright)%20为偶函数,当x%5Cin%20%5Cleft%5B%201%2C2%20%5Cright%5D%20时,f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3Dax%5E2%2Bb.若f%5Cleft(%200%20%5Cright)%20%2Bf%5Cleft(%203%20%5Cright)%20%3D6,则f%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7B9%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%20%3D(    )

A.-%5Cfrac%7B9%7D%7B4%7D

B.-%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B2%7D

C.%5Cfrac%7B7%7D%7B4%7D

D.%5Cfrac%7B5%7D%7B2%7D

解:因f%5Cleft(%20x%2B1%20%5Cright)%20为奇函数,

f%5Cleft(%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D-x%2B1%20%5Cright)%20%3D%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D-f%5Cleft(%20x%2B1%20%5Cright)%20

x替换为1-x

可得%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bf%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3D-f%5Cleft(%202-x%20%5Cright)%20%7D……%5Coplus%20

所以f%5Cleft(%201%20%5Cright)%20%3D-f%5Cleft(%202-1%20%5Cright)%20%3D-f%5Cleft(%201%20%5Cright)%20

所以%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bf%5Cleft(%201%20%5Cright)%20%3D0%7D

%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Ba%2Bb%3D0%7D……①

同时可知

%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bf%5Cleft(%200%20%5Cright)%7D%20%3D-f%5Cleft(%202-0%20%5Cright)%20%3D-f%5Cleft(%202%20%5Cright)%20%3D%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B-4a-b%7D

f%5Cleft(%20x%2B2%20%5Cright)%20为偶函数,

所以f%5Cleft(%20%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D-x%2B2%20%5Cright)%20%3Df%5Cleft(%20x%2B2%20%5Cright)%20

x替换为2-x

可得%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bf%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3Df%5Cleft(%204-x%20%5Cright)%20%7D……%5Cotimes%20

所以%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bf%5Cleft(%203%20%5Cright)%7D%20%3Df%5Cleft(%204-3%20%5Cright)%20%3Df%5Cleft(%201%20%5Cright)%20%3D%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B0%7D

%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B-4a-b%3D6%7D……②

联立①②,解得a%3D-2b%3D2

故当x%5Cin%20%5Cleft%5B%201%2C2%20%5Cright%5D%20时,f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%3D%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B-2x%5E2%2B2%7D.

%5Coplus%5Cotimes%20可得f%5Cleft(%204-x%20%5Cright)%20%3D-f%5Cleft(%202-x%20%5Cright)%20

x替换为2-x

%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bf%5Cleft(%20x%2B2%20%5Cright)%20%3D-f%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%7D(半周期为2),

再将x替换为x%2B2

%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bf%5Cleft(%20x%2B4%20%5Cright)%20%3D-f%5Cleft(%20x%2B2%20%5Cright)%20%7D

所以%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7Bf%5Cleft(%20x%2B4%20%5Cright)%20%3Df%5Cleft(%20x%20%5Cright)%20%7D(周期为4

f%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7B9%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%20%3Df%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%20%3D-f%5Cleft(%20%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B2%7D%20%5Cright)%20%3D%5Ccolor%7Bred%7D%7B%5Cfrac%7B5%7D%7B2%7D%7D

D.

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