战争雷霆（War Thunder）中关于反坦克导弹（ATGM）的云云
Hello，这里是SDC的海角。近期将战雷中的反坦克导弹的一些基本概念原理做了翻译整合。
Here we go!
按制导模式划分：
第一代：人工指令瞄准线（Manual command to line of sight）（即MCLOS）
工作原理：在瞄准线指令制导体制下，发射瞄准手必须同时跟踪导弹与目标，通过类似于潜望镜的望远镜目视观察，用类似游戏手柄的装置操控导弹。导弹尾部装有发焰器，发射后自动点燃以示踪高速飞行的导弹，类似于曳光弹。（摘自搜狗百科）
游戏玩法：
First-Generation: Also known as MCLOS, this missile requires manual input from the controller to control it. Use the default movement keys WASD to move the missile. A to steer left, D to steer right, W to steer down and S to steer up. Note that while you are controlling the missile, you will not be able to move from your firing position so make sure you are in a safe place.
这种导弹需要控制器手动输入来控制它。使用默认的移动键WASD来控制导弹。A向左转，D向右转，W向下转，S向上转。请注意，当你控制导弹时，你将无法从你的射击位置移动，所以要确保你在一个安全的地方。（翻译自战雷维基）
代表型号：SS.11，9M14“婴儿”。
第二代：半自动指令瞄准线（Semi-automatic command to line of sight）（即SACLOS）
工作原理：操纵手在导弹飞行中必须把瞄准器（sighting device）对准目标；瞄准器的电子设备自动把导弹制导向目标。 瞄准具到飞行中的导弹通常采用线导、无线电制导、驾束制导。（摘自搜狗百科）
游戏玩法：
Also known as SACLOS, this is a lot simpler than MCLOS. The missile is automatically guided by your crosshair sights and will adjust accordingly if you move your aiming reticle, so your vehicle is no longer forced to stand in place after firing the missile. So hold your crosshair onto your target as the missile flies into the air to score a hit. Alternatively, you can override the automatic system by aiming at something the missile has already passed to control the missile manually with your crosshair movement. This allows the vehicle to aim the missile at targets it cannot see.
它比MCLOS简单多了。导弹由你的十字准星自动引导，如果你移动瞄准线，导弹也将相应地调整飞行姿态。你可以在行进中发射引导导弹。所以在发射导弹后，请将十字准星对准目标以确保命中。当然你也可以通过将准心对准导弹已经掠过的东西来“隔山打牛”。这样就可以打击导弹无法直击的目标。（翻译自战雷维基）
代表型号：9M113“竞赛”，“旋火”，9M127“涡流”，9M120“攻击”，“米兰”，BGM-71“陶”。
第三代：发射后不管（fire-and-forget）
工作原理：
Using a laser or an IR sight to find a target in any environment, the missile uses a "fire-and-forget" system that allows for the operator to move from his position right after the missile is fired.[1] This missile gives the operator a greater degree of safety than the others and can be found in most modern missile launchers, such as the FGM-148 Javelin in U.S. inventory.
在作战环境中使用一个激光或红外瞄准器发现一个目标，导弹所使用的一种“发射-遗忘”系统允许射手在导弹发射后立即从发射位撤离。这种导弹相比其他导弹可以给导弹射手以更大程度上的安全保障，并且其列装于大多数现代导弹发射装置，例如美国库存中的FGM-148“标枪”。（翻译自战雷维基）
游戏玩法：锁上拍完空格就跑。
代表型号：PARS 3 LR“长程”
根据发射方法的不同划分：
直接攻击发射器:
Direct attack launchers: These ATGM are standard and are fired straight out the launch tubes. These can be seen as supplementary weapons (such as on the Warrior) or as dedicated ATGM-launching vehicles (such as the RakJPz 2). Missile characteristics are quite diverse in this attack method, but usually possess very high launch speed, penetration values and/or post-penetration damage, though how much better would depend in the launcher vehicle's position in the matchmaking. However, the dedicated ATGM vehicles tend to have higher range and speed than the rest of its contemporaries. Some dedicated launchers even have design perks in term of optic and missile placement being higher than the hull body to make the most of a hull-down position.
这些标准的反坦克导弹使用方法是直接从导弹发射管发射。它们可以被视为辅助武器(如“武士”)或专门装备于反坦克导弹发射车辆(如RakJPz 2)。使用这种攻击方式的导弹的特性丰富多样，但它们通常具有很高发射速度、穿深和后效。不过好到什么程度取决于发射车辆在配套系统中的重要程度。比如，ATGM专用车型的导弹往往比其他同类车型具有更远的射程和更快速度。一些导弹运载车甚至在光学和导弹放置位置上有额外的设计优势，它们比车体更高，以此可以将车体藏在掩体里。
向上攻击发射器:
Upward attack launchers: Prior to the development of 3rd-generation missiles, one characteristic burdened on the ATGM users is that to guide the missile, the user must remain exposed to maintain visual target to guide the missile onto target. This leaves the user very vulnerable and open to fire. One solution to this problem was a change in firing method. Instead of firing in a straight trajectory, the missile would have an upward launch motion to clear any obstructions in front, like cover for the vehicle. This can be seen in vehicles like the Strv 81 (Rb.52) and Striker designs, with the missiles aligned upwards to clear any cover protecting the vehicle. These missiles over distance eventually level out back into a straight trajectory, however if the target is close enough before this happens, one may exploit the flight pattern to perform a top-down attack onto the enemy's weaker roof armour and hit the enemy while they're behind cover. Higher generation missiles of this kind are more manoeuvrable, can speed up to acceptable level over time, and use tandem-charge to negate ERA effects.
在第三代导弹问世前，反坦克导弹射手的一个特色便是引导导弹，射手必须暴露自己以持续照射目标直到导弹命中。这点让射手非常容易受到攻击。解决这个问题的一个方法是改变导弹发射方法。导弹不是沿着直线发射，而是向上发射，以越过前方的障碍物，比如车辆的掩体。Strv 81 (Rb.52)和“打击者”的设计便采用了这种方法，导弹向上发射以越过保护车辆的掩体。这些导弹在飞行一段距离后最终会变回一个直线轨道。然而，如果目标距离比较近，近到导弹来不及变回直线轨道，则可以利用这一飞行模式来越过敌人的掩体，“攻顶”以打击敌人较为薄弱的车顶装甲。这种类型的新一代导弹机动性更好，随着时间的推移可以加速到还行的水平，并且使用串联装药来抵消爆炸反应装甲的效应。
炮射导弹:
The problem with missiles on vehicles is the inherent specialization the vehicle is required to have to make use of the weapon. As time went, technology became more and more fledged out, and so attempts on merging ATGM and tanks to produce the best of the two types of vehicle as a hybrid. One of the earlier tank hybrids was M551. The idea was to launch ATGM right out of cannon barrel, and then guide it with gunner's optics. As a more modern pieces of technology, these ATGMs are generally the fastest out there and can be launched on move at any speed, and with that they are able to compete with dedicated ATGM launchers, but force longer reload time. In the game, this kind of technology is mostly used by BR 9.0 and higher US and USSR tanks, mainly against hostile close air support and far away targets, attacking which with APFSDS would take too much time. For example: tanks like XM-803 and T-80B can use them to fight against helicopters and lighter vehicles from afar.
车载导弹的问题是固有的专业化车辆只能使用这一种武器。随着时间的推移，技术变得越来越成熟，因此开始尝试将坦克和反坦克导弹结合起来，以生产这两项技术结合后的最优秀的混合体。早期的混合坦克之一是M551。这个方法是直接从炮管发射反坦克导弹，然后通过炮手的光学瞄准镜来引导它。作为一种更现代的技术，这些反坦克导弹的速度通常是最快的，可以在移动中以任何速度发射，因此它们能够与专用的反坦克导弹发射装置相媲美，但它们需要更长的装填时间。在游戏中，这种技术主要被应用在权重在9.0及以上的美苏坦克上，主要用于对抗敌方的近距离空中支援和远距离目标，用APFSDS攻击这些目标会花费太多的时间。例如:像XM-803和T-80B这样的坦克可以使用它们从远处对抗直升机和轻型车辆。
本期完，祝大家万事顺意！
