中译英图书试译汇总
图书试译：《山河之书》
我的文化山河
Life Through Cultural Paths
我在山河间找路，用短暂的生命贴一贴这颗星球的嶙峋一角。
I have been searching for the paths in mountains and rivers so that I will go through one of the rugged corners of the planet in my short life.
一
Chapter 1
一个人，迟早会经历一次极大的恐惧。
You will be stunned sooner or later in your life.
不是生老病死，不是瘟疫猖獗，不是盗匪来袭，而是在一个阳光明媚的下午，一位美丽的女教师在教室里讲“常识”课。她说：“宇宙没有边际，地球微不足道，即便是它围着转的太阳，也只是银河系中很多恒星中小小的一颗。”
It is not related to birth or death, pestilence or brigandage. It might come when a beautiful female teacher was imparting general knowledge to children on a sunny afternoon. “The earth looks tiny in the vast universe and even the sun around which the earth rotates is just one of the small fixed stars in the Galaxy,” she said.
“银河系里，大约有多少颗恒星？”一个同学怯生生地问。
“How many fixed stars are there in the Galaxy approximately?” one of the kids asked timidly.
“三千亿颗。“女教师平静地回答，却把“亿“读成重音。
“300 billion,” she replied calmly and stressed the word “billion”.
课堂里“哺”的一声。
“Wow!” the whole class exclaimed.
“银河系这么大，宇宙里还有别的星系吗？”同学又问。
“The Milky Way is huge but is there any other galaxy in the universe?” another kid asked.
“太多太多星系了。”说。
“Countless.”
“大概多少？”学生追问。
“How many?”
“也以千亿计，至少。”女教师回答。
“At least 100 billion.”
这么几句问答，使同学们再也不好意思问地球的事。
Those questions and answers made the children stop inquiring about the earth.
过了几天，大家从一位男教师那儿得知，微不足道的地球，倒也已经出现了四十多亿年，而人类的出现才三百多万年，不到千分之一，相当于一天二十四小时的最后一分钟。
After several days a male teacher told the children that the small earth had been existing for more than 4 billion years meanwhile the human beings for more than 3 million years, less than one in a thousand. The sharp contrast was just like the last minute in the 24 hours of a day.
“请记住”，男教师赶紧补充说，“这最后一分钟，是在比喻三百万年。如果要说人类开始创造文明，至多是近一万年里边的事儿，太短促了，匆匆一瞬之间，任何比喻都使不上。”
“Please remember the last minute is a metaphor for the 3 million years. Human civilization was created nearly 10,000 years ago, and there is no figure of speech for such fleetingness,” he added.
——这番师生问答，产生在孩子们正在形成世界观、人生观的时候，实在有一种震天动地的恐惧。
Those words indeed surprised the kids whose views of the world and life were budding.
但是，孩子毕竟是孩子，很容易转移情绪。身边的快乐、争吵、比赛，立即替代了三千亿、四十亿这些数字。在他们心中，大大的真相变成了故事，小小的游戏变成了真实。
But the children would soon have those figures replaced by their joy, quarrels, and sports, and they would take the truth about the universe and civilization as stories and games as the real life.
只有一个孩子没有完全转移，那就是我。我不断地研习这些令人恐惧的话题，而且越来越明白，当年老师所说范围还是太小、太浅。也许是老师怕伤害了幼小的心灵，他们没有进一步说明，在宇宙间无数星系的不息运动中，没有一种力量可以保证地球不消失，也没有一种智慧可以判断消失的时间是很远，还是很近。
But one of the kids was still thinking about the truth and that was me. Since then I had been probing into those stunning subjects and it dawned on me that the knowledge given by teachers was very limited. Perhaps they did not want to puzzle the kids so that they made no further explanation that the ceaseless motions of innumerable galaxies would neither provide a kind of power to make the earth exist forever nor wisdom to clearly judge when it would vanish.
即使地球暂时不消失，人类也可以轻易陨灭。非洲加蓬发现了二十亿年前的疑似核反应堆，估计运转了五十万年；土耳其的一幅古代地图，似乎只能绘制于宇航之后。越来越多的遗迹让人渐渐相信，在人类产生之前很久，已经出现过不少“史前超文明”，又都一批批陨灭了。那么，怎么证明，现在的人类能够破例长存？
Human beings may perish even though the earth is still running. A suspected nuclear reactor 2 billion years ago has been discovered in Gabon, and it is estimated that it had been working for 500,000 years. An ancient map in Turkey seems to be drawn in the current space age. More and more relics tend to make people believe that prehistoric super civilization had mushroomed but become extinct long before the human beings came into the world. So, how can it be proved that the mankind nowadays will exist forever as an exception?
这一切，构成了我世界观的基础：一种彻底看破了周遭功利的宏伟悲观。但是，这种悲观中的“悲”也被看破了，因为悲喜本是人类的作态。
These things are the basics of my world outlook which is the significant pessimism beyond all the material interests. But I have been more than a futilitarian because human life can’t live without happiness or sadness.
二
Chapter 2
当然，在看破一切之后也看破了自己：区区凡胎肉身，无法逃离脆弱生存，唯一能做的事情是打量同类，再打量自己。
I have seen through everything including myself that a mortal will die someday and all he can do is examine his peers and himself.
我的朋友周涛写过这样一个场面：两只蚂蚁在大地上相遇了，由于矜持互相没理。爬过很久都后悔了，毕竟是同类啊，怎么没有拥抱一下？
One of my friends Zhou Tao wrote a short story: two ants met on the ground but they were too reserved to greet each other. After they crawled over a long distance, they regretted that they should have had an embrace because they belonged to the same group.
我们就是这样的蚂蚁。
We are like the ants.
我们再渺小，也算拥有了生命。生命，有它的本性。
We are small beings but we have life which has its nature.
本性之一是聚集，本性之二是延续。对于智能高于蚂蚁的人类而言，就会因为聚集和延续，呼应前后左右，既自我安慰，又互相安慰。
The nature has gathering and continuation, both of which will enable human beings much smarter than ants to comfort themselves and bring solace to each other.
人类的自我安慰和互相安慰，主要办法是寻找“意义”。生存的意义，生命的意义，聚集的意义，延续的意义……这在早期比较容易，只要有聪明人站出来一说“意义”，大家就相信；一到现代就难了，既然大家从小已经知道了银河系和地球的一点点真相，那就很难再从根本上信任各种“意义”。所以，现代智者特别苦恼，他们必须把知道了的一切当做不知道。用我的话来说，叫做“通过切断思维来捕获意义”。这种情景，就像哈维尔（V.Havel）所说的那样，在汪洋大海中寻找一个“意义的岛屿”。
Through comfort and solace mankind can seek for the purpose of existence, life, gathering, continuation, etc. It was a piece of cake at the early stage that the mention of meaning by a clever man would make the others believe. But it will be very difficult in modern times because we have had some understanding of the truth about the earth and the Milky Way since childhood and we can hardly trust any kind of significance. As a result, the contemporary intellectuals are so distressed that they have to pretend to be ignorant of everything they have known. In my opinion, it is to have connotations through disconnecting of thoughts, which resembles V. Havel’s viewpoint: seek for an island of significance in the vast ocean.
图书试译：《中国文脉》
中国文脉
The Cultural Landscape of China
在目前必然寂寞的文化良知领域、应该重启文脉之思......
Cultural thinking should be reemphasized in the era devoid of thought and intellect.
中国文脉，是指中国文学几千年发展中最高等级的生命潜流和审美潜流。
The cultural landscape of China is the symbol of the deepest trend of thoughts on life and aesthetics concerning Chinese literature through thousands of years of development.
这种潜流，在近处很难发现，只有从远处看去，才能领略大概，就像那一条倔犟的山脊所连成的天际线。
The trend is indiscernible microscopically but can be roughly comprehensible macroscopically just like the skyline of rugged ridges.
正是这条天际线，使我们知道那个天地之大，以及那个天地之限，并领略了一种注定要长久包围我们生命的文化仪式。
The skyline will enable us to realize the size and boundary of the cultural world as well as the cultural rituals destined to perpetually encompass our life.
因为太重要，又处于隐潜状态，就特别容易产生误会。因此，我们必须开宗明义，指出那些最常见的理论岔道，不让它们来干扰文脉的潜流——
The importance and latency of the trend, however, may bring about misunderstandings. Therefore, we must make clear and point out the most common wrong ways theoretically to avoid disturbing the inconspicuously cultural trend. That is to say:
一、这股潜流，在绝大多数情况下，不是官方主流；
Firstly, the trend is often unofficial;
二、这股潜流，在绝大多数情况下，不是民间主流；
Secondly, it is often non-folk;
三、这股潜流，属于文学，并不从属于哲学学派；
Thirdly, it belongs to literature but is not subject to any school of philosophy;
四、这股潜流，虽然重要，但体量不大。
Fourthly, it is significant but not that large;
五、这股潜流，并不一以贯之，而是时断时续，断多续少；
Fifthly, it may not be consistent but is discontinuous with more disconnection and less connection;
六、这股潜流，对周围的其他文学现象有吸附力，更有排斥力。
Sixthly, it can attract other literary phenomena but is much more opposed to them.
寻得这股潜流，是做减法的结果。我一向主张，研究文化和文学，先做加法，后做减法。减法更为重要，也更为艰难。
To obtain the trend is to be less. I have always been of the opinion that more should come before less for the study of culture and literature. But less will have further significance and difficulty.
减而见筋，减而显神，减而得脉。
Less will bring the essence, the spirit and the trend.
减法难做，首先是因为人们千百年来一直处于文化匮乏状态，见字而敬，见文而信，见书而畏，不存在敢千大胆取舍的心理高度：其次，即使有了心理高度。也缺少品鉴高度，与多数轰传一时的文化现象相比。“得脉”者没有那么多知音。
It is hard to be less because human beings have always been in cultural deficiency through thousands of years that they have held letters and books in awe and veneration but lacked a brave trade-off. Moreover, good taste will be needed even though the trade-off may be available. The one who can truly understand the cultural landscape is scarcely echoed compared with sensationally cultural phenomena.
大胆取舍，需要锐利斧钺。但是，手握这种斧钺的人，总是在开山辟路。那此只会坐在凉棚下说一道四、指手画脚的人，大多不懂斧钺。开山辟路的人没有时间参与评论，由此造成了等级的倒错、文脉的失落。
The courageous choice needs the determination as sharp as a battle-axe. The relentless tend to blaze a trail meanwhile the ignorant either gossip or lecture. The pioneers are too preoccupied to argue, which may lead to the reversal of grade together with cultural fading.
等级，是文脉的生命。
The good grade should be the quintessence of cultural landscape.
图书试译：《扬州传》
第一章 家国行囊背影（或：走向世界的扬州人）
Chapter 1 The Long Trip Without Return (or The Female Envoy)
一 西汉江都公主刘细君
Part 1 Princess Jiangdu
中国古代的和亲故事，一直是戏剧舞台上常演不衰的题材。汉代的王昭君，唐代的文成公主，都曾用她们单薄的身体承担起国家社稷的重任，从而成为中国百姓十分熟悉的舞台形象。但早在文成公主远嫁吐蕃、王昭君远嫁匈奴之前，就有一个扬州女子远嫁到西域乌孙国。她就是汉武帝时江都王刘建的女儿刘细君，史称江都公主，或乌孙公主。
The peaceful coexistence between two countries through marriage in ancient China are often dramatized. Wang Zhaojun in Han Dynasty and Princess Wencheng in Tang Dynasty, both of which shouldered national responsibilities through their marriage with foreign leaders, are the household names in Chinese theatrical art. A young woman from Yangzhou city had become the queen of Usun Kingdom before the Princess Wencheng and Wang Zhaojun married the rulers of Tubo Kingdom and the Huns respectively. She was Liu Xijun, the daughter of Liu Jian, Lord Jiangdu during the reign of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, and she was historically named as Princess Jiangdu or Princess Usun.
汉朝建立后，北方的匈奴总是不断南侵，成为中原的心腹之患。汉朝对于匈奴的侵犯，采取了两种策略，一是武装打击，一是联姻和亲，一文一武，交替为用。和亲之法，在汉髙祖刘邦时就已运用，到元帝时以昭君嫁匈奴呼韩邪单于，其间汉家女子出塞和亲将近十次。大多数汉女都出嫁匈奴，惟有刘细君出嫁乌孙。
The Huns in the north had frequently invaded the Central Plains since the Han Dynasty was established. The Han leaders responded to the invasion by means of two strategies: counterattacks and marriage. The latter one had been adopted since the reign of Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty. Wang Zhaojun married Huhanye, the leader of the Huns, during the reign of Emperor Yuan of Han Dynasty. In that period of time nearly ten girls had facilitated national stability through marriage in the Han Dynasty, most of them became the wives of leaders of the Huns but only Liu Xijun the wife of the ruler of Usun Kingdom.
建元元年（前140），汉武帝刘彻登基，他反对和亲匈奴之策，决心用武力北征。当时西陲有几十个大小王国，大多受匈奴控制，只有乌孙敢与匈奴抗衡。武帝接受出使西域的大臣张骞的建议，决定联络乌孙，结为同盟，共同对付匈奴。
Liu Che, Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, opposed to the policy of harmonizing with the Huns through marriage and decided to fight back by force in the first year of his reign with the title Jianyuan in 140 BC. Most of the kingdoms large and small in the west frontiers were controlled by the Huns while Usun was the only one challenger. The Emperor Wu accepted the advice of Zhang Qian, a special envoy to the Western Regions, and would unite with the Usun forces against the Huns.
张骞奉命到乌孙国后，受到隆重的礼遇。他向乌孙国的昆莫（国王）表示，汉家天子准备同乌孙结盟和亲，共御匈奴。昆莫听说后，即与大臣商议，决定先派使者带几十匹良马作为礼物，随张骞同至长安，答谢汉皇，再议结盟之事。
Zhang Qian was received with solemn ceremonies after he reached the territory of Usun as ordered. He told Kunmo, the ruler of Usun Kingdom, that Emperor Wu would seek alliance with him through marriage against the Huns. Kunmo discussed this with his ministers and he would send envoys together with dozens of good horses as presents to go with Zhang Qian to the capital Chang’an, and would further negotiate the matter after the gratitude was expressed to Emperor Wu.
刘细君生于江都（今扬州），自幼聪明伶俐，知书识礼，能歌擅文。其父江都王刘建因故自杀，细君便作为罪臣亲属囚禁于长安。论辈份，刘细君系武帝刘彻的侄孙女。虽然她的父亲是罪人，但公主没有罪，由她去联姻，武帝觉得甚为放心。
Liu Xijun, born in Jiangdu (current Yangzhou), was a brilliant, knowledgeable, and artistic girl. Her father, Liu Jian, Lord Jiangdu, committed suicide for some reason and she had to be held in captivity as one of the relatives of the offender in Chang’an. Emperor Wu thought she, who was his grandniece and was innocent although her father was guilty, would be the suitable wife for the leader of Usun forces.
自然，无人能够理会刘细君本人在得知远嫁乌孙时那一瞬间的心情。她虽是公主，不过是失却怙恃的孤女，长安宫中的锦衣玉食怎能填实她那凄清空寂的情怀？此一去西天荒漠，不要说永远见不着江都城下的广陵大潮，连长安城内的汉人衣冠也从此诀别了！
Nobody could guess how she felt when she knew she would have to marry a foreign husband so far away. She was a princess in name only and she was a lonely daughter whose parents had died and whose forlornness could not be eased by the luxury life in the imperial palace, and she would have to say goodbye to everything in her motherland after she went to a totally strange place.
送嫁那一天，无数的汉朝使臣、乐工、杂役与侍女，带着大量的金银珠宝、绫罗绸缎等陪嫁妆奁，簇拥着刘细君出京西去。蔽日的旌旗，喧天的鼓乐，把送行的场面妆点得十分壮观。
Countless envoys, musicians, laborers, and maids carrying jewels, silks and other dowries would follow Liu Xijun throughout the long journey. The grand flags and loud drumbeats left an impressive scene on the day of departure.
不知走了多少路，过了多少河，翻了多少山，终于听见远方传来的胡乐。昆莫为了迎接汉家公主，在国都赤谷城内外布置了夹道欢迎的人群。胡歌、胡舞、胡乐和胡语，都在向汉家公主表示竭诚的欢迎。这一切是那么陌生，又那么善意；是那么奇异，又那么真诚。刘细君终于不能不接受眼前这一切，成了乌孙国王的右夫人。
The local music in the Western Regions finally came to the ears after months of trekking. Kunmo had citizens welcome the princess of Han Dynasty in and out of the capital Red Millet. She was warmly received with local songs, dances, music, and language. Everything she saw was alien but kind, bizarre but sincere, which made her determined to be the queen of Kunmo.
刚到乌孙的日子，刘细君很不适应。乌孙作为西域游牧民族建立的国家，风俗与匈奴一样，吃的、穿的、住的、用的都与汉人迥然不同。在江都和长安长大的刘细君，一下子怎么能适应吃羊肉、住帐篷的异域生活？生活上的不适应，还可以随着时日的推移逐渐消除，心理上的不适应却几乎与日俱增。梦里依稀见到的是江都绮丽的南方景色，是长安繁华的都市风光，那里生活着自己的亲戚和朋友，埋葬着自己富贵的身世和短暂的青春。如今命运把自己从人烟稠密的中原一下子抛到“天苍苍，野茫茫，风吹草低见牛羊”的边陲，满耳只闻异族言语，满眼都是异国风光。这一切怎能不教一个年轻的汉家女子顿生悲切之情？
It was very difficult for her to adapt herself to the new place at the beginning. Usun, a country of nomadic people, shared the same folk custom with that of the Huns but was totally different from that of the Han people. It would take a long time for her, who grew up in another world, to adjust to the local life such as eating mutton and living in yurts. She felt like a fish out of water although she could gradually have a local lifestyle as time went by. In her dreams she often saw the wonderful scenery in her hometown and Chang’an where her friends and relatives lived and where her noble birth and transient youth were buried. The call of destiny took her from the Central Plains to the distant west frontier where flocks and herds were wandering on pastures and where was abundant with exoticism. But sorrow grew in her heart.
惟一的精神安慰，是离开长安前武帝对她的叮嘱。武帝对她说，她的使命关系着大汉边疆的安宁，一定要同乌孙国人相亲相爱，才不负朝廷的厚望、中原的安宁和国家的和平。既然一个弱女子能够负起如此重大的使命，还有什么可说的呢？刘细君只能坚强起来，只能感到荣幸。
The only solace came from the words told to her by Emperor Wu before she left Chang’an. He said she would carry out a mission of great importance to bring security to border areas of her homeland, and she would love and cherish the Usun people so that she could live up to his expectations and create national peace. She was resolved and felt honored to accomplish the undertaking.
好在国王昆莫对刘细君很好。昆莫已经老了，年龄差不多可以做细君的祖父。他确实是一位勤于政事、明达世理的长者。他与汉朝联姻，是为了他的国家着想，而不是贪恋异族的女色。刘细君陪伴着令人尊敬的老国王，心稍稍安了下来。
Kunmo treated her quite well. The elderly king could be her grandfather but he was indeed a wise man dedicated to state affairs. He sought alliance with the Han Dynasty through marriage for the sake of his country rather than for a pretty young woman from another race. Meanwhile she could feel eased during her days of accompanying the venerable king.
不久，又有新的问题来了。原来，老国王日渐年迈，按照乌孙的风俗，年轻的王后必须嫁给王室子孙为妻。这种风俗在中原被视为乱伦，但在乌孙却是合情合理的。
A new problem, however, emerged. The young queen must marry one of the royal offspring when the king was in his declining years according to the local custom in Usun. Such a practice would be regarded as incest in the girl’s hometown but it was acceptable in Usun.
刘细君终于嫁给了军须靡。军须靡的年龄与刘细君相仿，从世俗的眼光看，他们成为夫妇也许比刘细君做老昆莫的夫人更为般配。老昆莫亲自主持了他们的婚礼，这是这位老国王在自己的政治生涯中所做的最重要的一件事，也是他在自己生命结束之前所做的最后一件事。
She married Junxumi who was about the same age as her and was regarded as a much more suitable husband for her. The elderly Kunmo officiated at their wedding, which was the most important thing that he had ever done in his political career and was also the last thing before his life ended.
不久，老国王病故，军须靡接位成了新的昆莫。刘细君和新昆莫的感情不错，他们生了一个女儿，取名少夫，刘细君在西域终于享受到了天伦之乐。
Junxumo became the new king soon after his predecessor passed away. The couple enjoyed their sweet love and had a daughter Shaofu. The Princess Jiangdu could have a happy family life in the remote world.
刘细君长眠在塞外的大草原上。每当朔风掠过荒原，发出潮水似的呼啸，她的芳魂会忆起遥远的广陵涛声。只有这时候，她的“愿为黄鹄兮归故乡”的梦想，才得以实现。
Her body was buried in the vast grassland and the northern gales howling like tidewater would make her soul recall the sea waves in her hometown and seem to take it there, just like a line of verse said, “I wish I could go home like a bird.”
图书试译：《中国经济学四十年》
第一章 贸易和开放
Chapter 1 Trade and Opening-up
余淼杰 张 睿
By Yu Miaojie and Zhang Rui
理解中国经济增长奇迹的一大关键，在于充分认识开放国际贸易在这一过程中起到的作用。本文梳理了我国学者在我国国际贸易相关问题上的重要研究成果，围绕比较优势、贸易自由化、汇率波动和融资约束作为主线，系统总结了我国学者在相关主题上的研究贡献。
The opening of international trade in the economic growth of China plays a key role in the good understanding of its miracle. The major research findings of the international trade issues made by the Chinese scholars are shown in this book which focuses on comparison of advantages, liberalization of trade, exchange fluctuations, and financing constraints meanwhile summarizes the Chinese researchers’ contributions on relevant subjects.
一、引言
I. Introduction
改革开放 40 年以来，我国的经济总量持续快速增长，人均收入持续快速提高。如此大的经济体量能实现如此长时间的持续发展，是举世所罕见的。而这一人类历史上经济增长奇迹的一大明显特点，便是我国深入而广泛地参与到全球国际贸易体系中来。由图 1 可见，自改革开放以来，我国的进出口增长十分迅速，目前已经是全世界第一大贸易经济体。与改革开放以来逐步通过国际贸易融入全球体系相伴随的，是我国以劳动力密集型为主的加工贸易的蓬勃发展，企业的生产经营效率和技术水平在全球化竞争中逐步提高，以及制造业产业在全球价值链和产品质量上的不断升级。可以说，理解中国经济增长奇迹的一大关键，在于认识开放国际贸易在这一过程中起到了什么样的作用。
The economic aggregate of China has been accelerating with an increasing per capita income since the reform and opening-up policy was implemented forty years ago. It is rarely seen in the world that China has been able to make continuous improvements in its economic volume. The remarkable economic gain in human history is featured by its all-round involvement into the global international trading system. Figure 1 shows that it has had a rapid growth in imports and exports during these forty years and it has become the No.1 trading economy in the world. In addition, it has been gradually integrated into the global system through international trading meanwhile its labor-intensive processing trade has been thriving. The Chinese enterprises have been enhancing their production and operation efficiency as well as technological standards, and the manufacturing industries have been upgrading their global value chain and product quality. It can be considered that the opening of international trade in the economic growth of China plays a key role in the good understanding of its miracle.
国际贸易对于我国整体经济的影响是广泛而深远的，而其中又可以根据我国加入世界贸易组织（World Trade Organization，WTO）这一里程碑式的事件大致划分为两条主线：第一条主线是自改革开放以来到加入WTO之前。在这一时段内，我国国际贸易的主要特点在于利用了巨大的人口和劳动力体量所带来的劳动力密集型产业和工序上的比较优势。伴随着国际贸易壁垒的下降，运输技术和通信技术的发展，以及生产环节工序的细分化，我国得以利用劳动力丰裕的比较优势深入地融入全球贸易体系和价值链分工体系。一个典型的例子是我国通过进口中间品零关税的优惠政策鼓励以“两头在外，大进大出”为特点的加工贸易生产。加工贸易企业专业化在生产产品流程中劳动力密集的工序和链条上，从而充分发挥了我国的比较优势。与此同时，通过参与加工贸易，进口中间品和资本品，我国企业逐渐熟悉和学习国外企业的生产技术和经验，逐步提升自身的生产经营效率。
The international trade has had a profound influence on the Chinese economy. Its accession to the World Trade Organization, a milestone in its history, divided its economic development into two major paths. The country employed the comparative advantages in labor-intensive industries and processes brought by its huge population and labor force when it adopted the first path prior to its membership in the WTO after its practice of reform and opening-up. The decreasing international trade barriers, the advancing technology in transportation and communications, and the segmentation in production processes enabled its economy to be well integrated into the global trading system and the value chain division system through its rich labor resources. One of the good examples was that China encouraged the processing, trade and production through its preferential policy of zero tariff on the imported intermediate goods – specifically, it imported raw materials, manufactured products at home, and sold them globally. The local trade processing enterprises specialized in the labor-intensive processes and chains during the production to give full play to the comparative advantages. Meanwhile the enterprises could learn the technology from foreign counterparts and enhance their own production and operation efficiency through their participation in the processing trade and imports of intermediate goods and capital goods.
第二条主线是自加入WTO以来的贸易自由化进程。这一时段的主要特点在于全方位的贸易自由化所带来的多重效应对企业、产品市场和要素市场的影响。一方面，开放贸易促进了进口竞争，使得国内企业面对外来的竞争压力；促进了优胜劣汰，使得高效率的企业可以做大做强，而低效率企业则被淘汰出局；另一方面，开放贸易使得国内企业可以用更低的成本购买到质量更好的国外投入品，包括中间品和资本品等，这有利于我国企业的成本节约和技术升级。图 2 显示，自20世纪90年代以来，我国最终品和中间品平均关税均有大幅下降。与此同时，国外市场针对我国的贸易自由化大大拓宽了我国企业所面临的全球市场，这一市场规模效应会刺激企业进行出口、投资、研发、创新等具有明显规模经济效应的活动。与此同时，依赖劳动力成本优势，附加值占比较低的加工贸易所占比重逐渐下降，一般贸易开始占据主导地位。由图 3 可见，自加入 WTO 以来，加工贸易在我国进出口中所占的比重逐年下降，到 2017 年分别占总出口和总进口的约40%和30%。
The second path, which was the trade liberalization process after China joined the WTO, referred to the multiple effects of all-round trade liberalization upon enterprises, product marketing, and factor markets. On the one hand the opening-up in trade facilitated import competitions and brought domestic enterprises under pressure so that the highly efficient ones would become larger and stronger and the low ones would be eliminated. The best would survive. On the other hand it enabled the businesses at home to spend less and purchase much better foreign inputs including intermediate goods and capital goods, which would be good for cost saving and technological upgrade. Figure 2 shows China had sharply reduced average tariffs on final products and intermediate goods since the 1990s. Therefore the Chinese companies could have more access to global markets benefited from trade liberalization, and the market size effect would boost much more profitable imports, investments, researches, and innovations. The processing trade, which relied on labor cost advantage but had low additional value, started to decline, meanwhile the general trade had an increasing leading role. Figure 3 shows the processing trade has had a yearly lessening proportion in China’s imports and exports since its entry into the WTO, and it accounted for 40% and 30% approximately in total exports and imports respectively in 2017.
图书试译：《黑夜公主与黎明王子》
《黑夜公主与黎明王子》
Princess Night and Prince Dawn
引言
Preface
遥远的中国南部，有一座神山叫做居纳若罗神山，很久很久以前，古老的纳西人就生活在这座神山上。然而，不知道什么原因，一条流淌着黑水与白水的河把神山一分为二，纳西人也变成两个部落：黑暗部落和白昼部落。黑暗部落只有永恒的黑夜，而白昼部落拥有全部的光明。如同中了邪恶的魔咒，两个部落彼此仇恨，长年征战，直到有一天，黑夜公主和黎明王子悄然到来……
In the far south of China, there was the divine Mount Junarou where the ancient Naxi people lived long ago. However, a river running black water and white water cut the mountain into two halves for no reason why. As a result, the local Naxi people were divided into the Darknight Tribe with everlasting darkness and the Daylight Tribe with endless brightness. Since then the two cursed clans had been engaged in long-time hatred and wars until Princess Night and Prince Dawn came to the world.
1. 我是黑夜公主，名字叫做庚饶娜姆，我出生在黑暗部落，我的父亲米利术主是这个部落的王。在我们部落里，没有一丝的光亮，只有永恒的黑暗。
1. I, Geronarmu, Princess Night, was born in the Darknight Tribe which had been ruled by my father Lord Milichu and had had everlasting darkness without any trace of light ever since its existence.
2. 我渐渐地长大，头顶上出现一轮黑色的月亮，把我笼罩在温柔的黑影里。妹妹月影公主为此非常嫉妒我，她不明白为什么她是月影公主却没有黑色的光环。只有母亲知道答 案，她偷偷告诉我：只有世间最美丽的女子头顶才会出现月光。
2. As I grew up, a dark moon appeared above my head and covered me all over with tender shadows. My younger sister, Princess Moonshadow, however, was jealous of me because she could not understand why she had no such dark halo. But my mother knew the reason and told me in private: only the most charming lady in the world could be endowed with the distinctive moonlight above her head.
图书试译：工匠故事系列
沿着山路盘旋而行，身旁不时清泉潺潺，间或鸟语啾啾，亦有亭台重重。走得累了，歇上一脚，汲一捧水，喊上一嗓子，回声远远传来，让有些孤寂的旅程热闹些许。
You may hear the flowing spring and the chirping and see pavilions when you walk on a mountain road in a zigzag manner. When you are tired, you may rest and shout after having some water scooped with your hands, and then you will hear echoes, which may enliven your solitary journey.
山中有一种泥，名唤：紫金土。该泥在山里颇为常见，只要掀开薄薄的一层砂石，便可大筐大筐地挖掘。当地人世世代代懂得自然的馈赠，他们用这种包含矿物质的暗红色的泥烧制一种举世闻名的瓷器——青瓷。
The purple-golden soil is a kind of mud frequently seen in the mountain. It can be loaded into big baskets after a thin layer of sandstone is dug. The locals cherish the gift given by Nature and they use the dark red mud containing mineral substances to make porcelain in the fire – the worldly well-known celadon ware.
新采的泥并不能马上使用，它需要经历沉淀、淘洗、过筛，甚至发酵等一系列的工序。这个过程，费时费力，幸好聪明的山民利用地势的高差及丰富的水资源，架起一台台巨大的水车，帮着完成部分练泥的工作。而在孩子们的眼里，这些庞然大物却是有趣的玩具，到了枯水季，用来躲猫猫再好不过。
The new mud should not be used at once; instead, it will be set, elutriated, sieved, and even fermented. The process is hard and time-consuming. But the smart locals will install large waterwheels by means of altitude difference of terrain and rich water resources to make the work much more efficient. The kids will take the giant tools as funny toys and use them for hide-and-seek in the dry season.
练泥的最后一步是要排出泥内的空气，这个活计，孩子们最喜欢。除去鞋袜，跳进泥堆，使劲儿踩，任是将自己踩成“泥猴”。母亲也不会生气，还会早早地预备了吃食——今天踩泥有功，可要好好犒赏！
The last step is to empty the air out of the mud, which is an enjoyable thing to the kids. They will take off their shoes and socks, jump into it, and tread on it at full blast. Their mother won’t get angry with her children covered by mud; instead, she has prepared a delicious dinner for the best performer.
一张张带有轱辘车的转盘一字排开，盘中的泥开始了真正的幻化之路。在无数双巧手之下，泥被屈伸、收放，制作成匠人们设计好的模样。这样的拉坯场景，山里的孩子早已熟悉不过，长得略大，就会自觉或不自觉地在转盘前小试身手。一旁忙碌着的长辈们总会时不时瞄上两眼，心里暗暗记下谁最有灵气。
The rotary plates installed with wheels are placed at certain intervals, and the mud in them will be on the way to creation, that is to say, it will be skillfully made into perfect forms designed by craftsmen. The children in the mountains are so familiar with the jiggering that they will have a try in the plate when they grow up, meanwhile the busy elders may look at them and find the most promising one.
图书试译：《飞越太平洋》
A Benz was going at a gallop on the Freeway 15 to Nevada from Los Angeles, and the worldly known gambling town Las Vegas would be close at hand after driving 600 miles more. What could be seen outside was barren land with an endless expressway, saline-alkali soil, and barely-met trees and houses.
Gold hunters rushing to the castle in the deepest sands threw their available dollars into the illusory city which was said to be a desert ostrich capable of laying golden eggs. The increasingly sumptuous city kept attracting universal comers in a miraculous manner.
Hughchuan Ning was sitting in the car and attentively listening to the glib talk of the driver, her husband. The word gambling came to her mind when she was excited and curious. The tourists of the city were professional gamblers, local scholars, celebrities, government officials, artists, and businessmen and those of from the other parts of the world. Was life a gamble? Yes, it was. That was the answer of her ex Kun Hsia who was so busy with his work that he was hospitalized because of gastric ulcer. She blamed him for his devotion to his career at the expense of his health. With a pale, smiling face he said it would be worthwhile to sacrifice his life for success, and she retorted that life was a gamble and he was a desperate gambler. The memories of her ex made her full of guilt.
She was materially abundant but had unredeemable remorse. Kun told her that life would always have gains and losses. He was right.
A gas station at the roadside could be seen at last. A raven was standing on a timber pile in front of the station and would still stay there even when a car was passing by, and its loneliness could be sensed by her. Her husband drove into the station and slotted coins into the automatic refueling machine. She got off the car and stretched. She was seven years younger than her ex and she had a pretty face, a neat figure, perfect hair, and a refined heart.
When she and Kun were having a relationship, she asked him about her beauty in details. “You are an ordinary Chinese girl who can amaze the world rather than that of in the exquisite wall calendar and on TV.” “That is your sweet talk.” “I mean it. Since I met you, the world has …”
