元素化合物方程式书写（一）铝及其化合物

2021-10-29 20:47 作者:冷雨淅 0人读过 | 我要投稿

一、请写出 $%5Cce%7BAl(OH)_3%7D$ 的电离方程式（其中酸式电离产生正四面体微粒）

$%5Cmathrm%7BAl(OH)_3%20%2B%20H_2O%20%5Crightleftharpoons%20%20%5BAl(OH)_4%5D%5E-%20%2B%20H%5E%2B%20%5C%5C%0AAl(OH)_3%20%5Crightleftharpoons%20Al%5E%7B3%2B%7D%20%2B%203OH%5E-%7D$

二、 $%5Cmathrm%7BAl_%7B3%2B%7D%E3%80%81Al(OH)_3%E3%80%81AlO_2%5E%2B%7D$ 之间的转化关系

写出实现上述各步转化的离子方程式。

(1) ① $%5Cmathrm%7BAl%5E%7B3%2B%7D%20%2B%203NH_3%20%5Ccdot%20H_2O%20%3D%20Al(OH)_3%20%5Cdownarrow%20%2B%203NH_4%5E%2B%7D$

② $%5Cmathrm%7BAl%5E%7B3%2B%7D%20%2B%203AlO_2%5E-%20%2B%206H_2O%3D%204Al(OH)_3%5Cdownarrow%20%7D$

③ $%5Cmathrm%7BAl%5E%7B3%2B%7D%20%2B%203OH%5E-%20%3D%20Al(OH)_3%5Cdownarrow%20%7D$

(2) $%5Cmathrm%7BAl(OH)_3%20%2B%203H%5E%2B%20%3D%20Al%5E%7B3%2B%7D%20%2B%203H_2O%7D$

(3) $%5Cmathrm%7BAl%5E%7B3%2B%7D%20%2B%204OH%5E-%20%3D%20AlO_2%5E-%20%2B%202H_2O%7D$

(4) $%5Cmathrm%7BAlO_2%5E-%20%2B%204H%5E%2B%20%3D%20Al%5E%7B3%2B%7D%20%2B%202H_2O%7D$

(5) ① $%5Cmathrm%7BAlO_2%5E-%20%2B%20CO_2%20%2B%202H_2O%3D%20Al(OH)_3%20%5Cdownarrow%20%2B%20HCO_3%5E-%7D$

② $%5Cmathrm%7BAlO_2%5E-%20%2B%20H%5E%2B%20%2B%20H_2O%20%3D%20Al(OH)_3%20%5Cdownarrow%7D$

三、按要求书写离子方程式

1. $%5Cmathrm%7BAl%7D$ 与 $%5Cmathrm%7BNaOH%7D$ 溶液反应

$%5Cmathrm%7B2Al%20%2B%202OH%5E-%20%2B%202H_2O%20%3D%202AlO_2%5E-%20%2B%203H_2%20%5Cuparrow%7D$

2. $%5Cmathrm%7BAl_2O_3%7D$ 与 $%5Cmathrm%7BNaOH%7D$ 溶液反应

$%5Cmathrm%7BAl_2O_3%20%2B%202OH%5E-%20%3D%202AlO_2%5E-%20%2B%20H_2O%7D$

3.向 $%5Cmathrm%7BNH_4Al(SO_4)_2%7D$ 溶液中滴加 $%5Cmathrm%7BNaOH%7D$ 溶液。

①少量 $%5Cmathrm%7BNaOH%7D$ 溶液

$%5Cmathrm%7BAl%5E%7B3%2B%7D%20%2B%203OH%5E-%20%3D%20Al(OH)_3%20%5Cdownarrow%7D$

② $%5Cmathrm%7BNH_4Al(SO_4)_2%7D$ 和\\ $%5Cmathrm%7BNaOH%7D$ 以物质的量之比1∶4混合

$%5Cmathrm%7BNH_4%5E%2B%20%2B%20Al%5E%7B3%2B%7D%20%2B%204OH%5E-%20%3D%20NH_3%20%5Cuparrow%20%2B%20Al(OH)_3%20%5Cdownarrow%20%2B%20H_2O%7D$

③过量 $%5Cmathrm%7BNaOH%7D$ 溶液

$%5Cmathrm%7BNH_4%5E%2B%20%2B%20Al%5E%7B3%2B%7D%20%2B%205OH%5E-%20%3D%20NH_3%20%5Cuparrow%20%2B%20AlO_2%5E-%20%2B%203H_2O%7D$

4.明矾溶液与 $%5Cmathrm%7BBa(OH)_2%7D$ 溶液反应的离子方程式

① $%5Cmathrm%7BAl%5E%7B3%2B%7D%7D$ 恰好完全沉淀

$%5Cmathrm%7B2Al%5E%7B3%2B%7D%20%2B%206OH%5E-%20%2B%203Ba%5E%7B2%2B%7D%20%2B%203SO_4%5E%7B2-%7D%20%3D%202Al(OH)_3%20%5Cdownarrow%20%2B%203BaSO_4%5E%7B2-%7D%20%5Cdownarrow%7D$

② $%5Cmathrm%7BSO_4%5E%7B2-%7D%7D$ 恰好完全沉淀

$%5Cmathrm%7BAl%5E%7B3%2B%7D%20%2B%204OH%5E-%20%2B%20Ba%5E%7B2%2B%7D%20%2B%20SO_4%5E%7B2-%7D%20%3D%20AlO_2%5E-%20%2B%20BaSO_4%5E%7B2-%7D%20%5Cdownarrow%20%2B%202H_2O%7D$