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多邻国世界语宾格篇Accusative(中英对照)

2017-12-03 08:28 作者:汪哲咚汪  | 我要投稿

the accusative ending: -n
宾格以"-n"结尾


Take a look at this English sentence: "The woman kisses the little boy."                                        
来看看这个英语句子"The woman kisses the little boy."(那个妇女在亲吻那个小男孩)


How do you know who is kissing, and who is being kissed?                                                              
你怎么样来判断谁亲吻人还有谁被人亲吻的呢?


In English, you know by the word order. The woman comes before the verb, so she is doing the kissing (or to use the grammatical term,she is the subject of the sentence).                                                                
在英语中,你通过顺序来判断。妇女在动词的前面,所以她是亲吻的那个人(或者使用语法术语,她属于句子里的主语)    

The little boy comes after the verb, so he's the one being kissed (and he is the grammatical object of the sentence).                                                                                                              

小男孩跟在动词的后面,所以他是被亲吻的那个人(在语法中,小男孩属于句子里的宾格)

In Esperanto, you can tell who is the subject and who is the object of the sentence by the ending.                                                                  
在世界语中,你可以通过结尾来判断谁是主语谁是宾语。

The subject of the sentence, i.e. the one who is doing the kissing, ends in -o .                    

句子的主语,就像亲吻人的那个人,是以"-o"结尾的。

The object of the sentence, the one who is being kissed,has -n added after the -o .          

然而句子中的宾语,也就是被人亲吻的小男孩,是以"-on"结尾的(原文直译:在结尾-o后面加了个n)

This means that you can always tell who or what is the subject, and who or what is the object, even if the sentence is switched around:                                                                    

这样子,你就能够一眼看出哪个是主语哪个是宾语。即使句子的顺序如下文所示:

La virino kisas la malgrandan knabon.
The woman kisses the little boy.

La malgrandan knabon kisas la virino.
The woman kisses the little boy.

(Look for the -n ! This still means "The woman kisses the little boy", even though the word order has been changed.)         看看那个-n,不管单词的顺序怎么摆,这个句子的意思仍然是"The woman kisses the little boy(那个妇女亲吻那个小男孩)"

Note that the adjective (in this case malgranda) also takes the -n ending, the same as the noun it refers to: malgrandan knabon .                                        
要注意一下,形容词(例子里是malgranda)同样要在结尾处加上“-n”,和名词一样:malgrandan knabon

These sentences mean the same thing, and are all equally correct. They all mean: "The woman kisses the small boy."                                                      
下列的句子意思都是“The woman kisses the small boy. 

(那个妇女在亲吻那个小男孩)",而且都是正确的:

La virino kisas la malgrandan knabon. 
La malgrandan knabon kisas la virino. 
Kisas la virino la malgrandan knabon. 
Kisas la malgrandan knabon la virino. 
La virino la malgrandan knabon kisas. 
La malgrandan knabon la virino kisas.

The -n ending in Esperanto is called the accusative.                                      
以“-n”结尾的词,在世界语中叫做宾语

Be aware that the accusative ending -n is never used with the verb estas: Li estas knabo. (He is a boy.)                              不过,以“-n”结尾的宾语是不会和estas一起使用的,例如:Li estas knabo.(他是个男孩)


宾语和复数

If a word already ends in -j, the -n is added after it. 
如果单词已经以“-j”结尾,那“-n”要加在j后面

Mi manĝas bonajn kukojn.
I am eating good cakes. 
(我在吃好的蛋糕)
Mi vidas la belajn virinojn.
I see the beautiful women.
(我看美女)←论中文的博大精深

pronouns(代词) 

Pronouns also get the n ending. Note how regularly Esperanto pronouns change as compared to their English counterparts:

代词(当宾语时)同样要加“n”。世界语代词的变化规则以及它和英语之间的对比:



WHY MANY EXPRESSIONS END IN –N 

为啥有很多表达的语句都是以“-n”结尾?


When you use an expression like “Thanks” in English, you are actually shortening a full statement. 
当你用英语表达像“Thanks 感谢”一类的词语时,你就不知不觉将一个完整的表达给缩减

As you have just learned, -n indicates the object of the sentence as you can see in the examples below: 
你刚刚学过,所以你能够一眼看出“-n”是下列句子中的宾语

Dankon = Mi donas al vi dankon. 
我向你表达谢意

Thanks = I give you thanks. ("thanks" is the object of the sentence). 
Thanks=我给你谢意 (“thanks”是句子里的宾语)

Saluton! = Mi donas al vi saluton 
saluton!=我向你表示问候

Hi!/Hello!/Greetings! = I give you greetings.("greetings" is the object) Hi!/Hello!/Greetings! = 我向你打招呼(“greetings”是宾语).

Feliĉan novan jaron! = Mi deziras al vi feliĉan novanjaron! Happy new year! = I wish you a happy new year! ("happy newyear" is the object) 
Feliĉan novan jaron!=我祝福你新年快乐!/新年快乐!/我祝愿你新年快乐!

prepositions
介词

The noun following a preposition normally takes a simple-o ending (-oj in the plural). Other endings will be explained later. 
名词跟在介词后面用“-o”(“-oj”为复数)。其他的结尾会迟点解释


For example(例如):
La virino estas en la kafejo.
The woman is in the café. 
那个女人在咖啡馆

Ni iras al la parko.
We go to the park. 
我们去公园


原文来自:http://www.duolingo.cn/skill/eo/Accusative

翻译:vanilo

封面嘛.......是来自手机的杂志锁屏……具体出自哪我也不知道.....




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