《经济学人》双语：特斯拉股价为何暴跌？

原文标题：
Electric vehicles
The Tesla conundrum
Is Elon Musk’s company a tech firm or a carmaker?
电动车
特斯拉难题
埃隆·马斯克的公司是科技公司还是汽车公司？
 
Investors conclude that Tesla is a carmaker, not a tech firm
A share-price rout suggests they no longer think it will take over the world
投资商认为特斯拉是汽车公司，而非科技公司
股价崩盘表明投资者不再认为它会风靡全球

[1]
After  Tesla’s market capitalisation swept past that of Toyota, then the  world’s most valuable carmaker, in the summer of 2020, devoted fans and incredulous sceptics deployed a new unit of measurement.
2020年夏，特斯拉的市场总值超过了当时全球市值最高的汽车公司丰田，自此，忠实粉丝和怀疑者都对其刮目相看。
 
As the electric-vehicle (EV) champion’s share price rose, its worth was couched in terms of the combined value of the next two, then five, then ten biggest carmakers.
随着这位电车巨头股价的上升，其市值甚至可以用紧随其后的两家制车巨头的市场总和来描述，之后是五家，然后甚至是十家。
 
A year ago Tesla’s market value surpassed $1.2trn, more than most other car firms put together.
一年前，特斯拉的市值超过了1.2万亿美元，高于几乎所有汽车公司的总值。
 
Since then it has lost 72% of that—a sum likewise exceeding the value of most of the industry. The fortune of its mercurial boss, Elon Musk, has shrivelled by more than $200bn as a result.
然而，自那之后，特斯拉的市值损失了72%--同样也超过了大部分同行的市值。变化无常的老板埃隆·马斯克的财富最终也缩水了2000亿美元以上。 

[2]
The  latest blow came on January 3rd, after Tesla missed analysts’  expectations for deliveries for the third quarter in a row and reported  that the gap between production and deliveries had grown, suggesting  softening demand for its EVs.
屋漏偏逢连夜雨，1月3日，特斯拉已经连续三个季度并没有达到分析师预估的交付量，产量与交付量之间的差距逐渐拉大，可见其电动车市场需求下降。 
It  lost 12% of its value—roughly $50bn, or one Ford Motor Company—in a  day. Even bullish investors now doubt that Mr Musk will fulfil his  promise of making 20m cars a year by 2030, or that Tesla’s ”Autopilot”  is close to becoming a world-changing fully autonomous driving system.
一天内它就损失了市值的12%——约500亿美元，或者说跌去了一家福特汽车公司。现在即使是乐观的投资者都担心马斯克先生能否兑现2030年达到年产2000万辆车的承诺，特斯拉的自动驾驶系统是否还能成为改变世界的全自动驾驶系统。 
Yet the main reason for the market’s recalibration of Tesla’s prospects is a dawning realisation that the company is chiefly a carmaker—and that its boss is not superhuman.
但市场对特斯拉发展前景预期的改变主要源于，人们开始认识到特斯拉主要是个汽车公司，而且它的老板也不是超人。
 
[3]
Mr  Musk has always regarded his company as a tech firm, a peer of digital  giants like Alphabet, Apple or Meta, not of old-economy metal-bashers  such as Toyota or Volkswagen.
马斯克先生总是把自己的公司当成科技公司，媲美Alphabet、苹果和Meta这类数字化大公司，而非像丰田或大众汽车这种传统冶金工业。
 
For a time, so did the market—first as tech shares soared amid the pandemic-era boom in all things digital, then as they slumped  last year, after their growth began to slow and higher interest rates  made their promised future profits look less valuable today.
有一段时间，市场确实如此--先是科技股在疫情时代飙升，然后是去年科技股暴跌，因为增长开始放缓，高利率使它们承诺的未来利润在如今看起来不那么有价值。 
[4]
In  the past few months, however, Tesla’s share price has suffered a  sharper correction than big tech. This has coincided with its more  mundane tribulations as a car business.

在过去几个月里，特斯拉股价的调整幅度比大型科技公司更大，同时还面临着普通汽车企业的困难。

 
And having set the course for the industry’s EV transition, it now faces plenty of competition from established rivals and a host of newcomers it inspired.
特斯拉已经为行业电动车转型构建好了蓝图，它现在面临着多方竞争，如老牌竞争对手和大量受它启发的新公司。 
Days after Tesla reported the disappointing figures Volkswagen unveiled its ID.7, a challenger to Tesla’s entry-level Model 3 saloon.
特斯拉公布了令人失望的数据，紧接着几天后，大众汽车推出了ID.7,与特斯拉的初级轿车Model 3不相上下。
 
[5]
EV-buyers,  for their part, are becoming less willing than early adopters to  overlook Tesla’s questionable build quality and the interior of a much  cheaper car.
就电动车购买者而言，他们越来越不愿意忽视特斯拉的质量问题和廉价的内饰问题。 
And  the natural Tesla-owners among the wealthy progressive set are less  prepared to overlook Mr Musk’s libertarian antics at Twitter, which he  bought in October and has mismanaged with gusto—especially now that they  have plenty of conscience-salving EV alternatives to choose from.

而且富有的进步阶层中的特斯拉车主，他们也不太愿意忽视马斯克在推特上的自由主义滑稽行为。马斯克在10月份买下了推特，并大张旗鼓地进行整治，特别是现在，他们发现有很多良心电动车可以选择。

 
[6]
Tesla is, in other words, no longer the only game in town—and certainly no tech behemoth. As EV-makers go, though, it still looks impressive.
换句话说，特斯拉不再是唯一的选择，当然它也不是科技巨头。不过，就电动汽车制造商而言，它仍然令人赞叹。 
In 2022 it delivered 1.3m cars, 40% more than the year before, and opened two new assembly plants.
在2022年，它交付了130万辆汽车(比前一年增长了40%)，并开设了两个新的装配厂。
 
It  is working on a smaller, cheaper car and this year will start to  deliver its long-awaited Cybertruck pick-up. And it is still worth  $340bn—nearly as much as the next three biggest carmakers combined.
该公司正在研发一款更小、更便宜的汽车，并且今年将开始推出人们期待已久的赛博皮卡(电动皮卡)。它的市值仍约为3600亿美元，大约相当于排在它后面的三大汽车制造商的市值总和。
 
（恭喜读完，本篇英语词汇量550左右）
原文出自：2023年1月7日《The Economist》Business版块。
精读笔记来源于：自由英语之路

本文翻译整理:Guo Zhenyan本文编辑校对: Irene
仅供个人英语学习交流使用。

【补充资料】（来自于网络）
在2023年的第一个交易日，该股盘中跌幅超过13%，为去年4月以来最大盘中跌幅，创去年8月以来新低。截至收盘，该股跌12.24%，报108.1美元。特斯拉的市值曾一度超过1万亿美元，在过去的2022年其市值缩水了65%以上。周二股价下滑前，特斯拉报告的去年第四季度的交付量创下了新高，但是仍未达到预期。
 
TOYOTA是日本丰田汽车公司的注册商标丰田汽车公司的名字；在日语中的罗马字母to yo ta，“to yo” 是“丰”的发音 ，“ta”是“田”的发音。日语中的罗马字母to yo ta，意为“东洋” ，“ta”是和朝鲜语里“思密达”相似的语气助词。
 
自动驾驶系统是一种通过飞行员按一些按钮和旋转一些旋钮，或者由导航设备接收地面导航信号，来自动控制飞行器完成三轴动作的装置。不同型号的飞机所装备的自动驾驶仪可能会有一些小的差别，但是大体相似。
 
大众汽车（德语：Volkswagen）是一家总部位于德国沃尔夫斯堡的汽车制造公司，也是世界四大汽车生产商之一的大众集团的核心企业。2019年位居《财富》世界500强第9位。Volks在德语中意思为“国民”，Wagen在德语中意思为“汽车”，全名的意思即“国民汽车”，故又常简称为“VW”。
 
福特汽车公司是美国最大的工业垄断组织和世界重要跨国企业之一。1988年，公司销售额为924.5亿美元，在美国最大的工业公司中居第2位，在世界最大工业公司中居第2位。资产额为1433.7亿美元。1986年，雇用职工38.2万人。总部设在密歇根州迪尔伯恩市。
 
【重点句子】（3 个）
Yet  the main reason for the market’s recalibration of Tesla’s prospects is a  dawning realisation that the company is chiefly a carmaker—and that its  boss is not superhuman.
但市场对特斯拉发展前景预期的改变主要源于，人们开始认识到特斯拉主要是个汽车公司，它的老板也不是超人。
 
In  the past few months, however, Tesla’s share price has suffered a  sharper correction than big tech. This has coincided with its more  mundane tribulations as a car business.
在过去几个月里，特斯拉股价的调整幅度比大型科技公司更剧烈，同时还面临着普通车企的困难。
 
EV-buyers,  for their part, are becoming less willing than early adopters to  overlook Tesla’s questionable build quality and the interior of a much  cheaper car.
就电动汽车购买者而言，他们越来越不愿意像早期购买者那样忽视特斯拉的制造质量和廉价的内饰问题。