维多利亚3开发日志#41 | 4/7 革命
牧游社 牧有汉化翻译
Dev Diary #41 – revolutions
lachek, Victoria 3 Lead Designer
A glorious Thursday to you! Today we will finally get into details of what fate befalls the state that fails to deliver what its people demand - revolution!
到了光荣的周四! 今天，我们终于可以详细介绍那些未能满足人民要求的国家的命运了——革命revolution！
revolutions in Victoria 3 can be seen as a result of failure in the game's economic and political core loops. When this happens it means you have failed to balance the material and ideological desires of the different segments of your population, resulting in one or several groups deciding to take matters in their own hands. The result is a tremendous upheaval which could go very wrong for you - but play your cards right, and there's a chance you might bounce back from this crisis even stronger than before.
维多利亚3中的革命可以被看作是游戏中经济和政治核心循环失败的结果。发生这种情况就意味着你没能平衡不同阶层的物质和意识形态欲望，导致一个或多个群体决定将事情掌握在自己手中。其结果是一场巨大的动荡，这对你来说可能是非常糟糕的——但如果你处理的方法得当，就有可能从这场危机中反弹，甚至比以前更强大。
A design goal we have kept front and center is that outright armed uprisings should be rare but still feel threatening. There is a lot of foreshadowing and opportunity to course-correct or compensate if you want to avoid a revolution. Not all movements will actually be powerful or angry enough to pose a real threat to you, and if they aren't, they won't drag you into a pointless war with an obvious outcome but bide their time until they become relevant.
我们一直保持着这样一个设计目标，那就是彻底的武装起义应该是罕见而又让人感到威胁的。如果你想避免革命，会有很多的预兆或者机会让你来纠正或弥补。并非所有的政治运动都会强大到足以对你构成真正的威胁。如果这些运动不够强大，也就不会把你拖入一场后果显著且无意义的战争中，而是等待时机，直到它们变得有意义。
A revolution always starts with a Political Movement demanding some kind of change to the country's Laws. The demand might be to enact something novel (perhaps Universal Suffrage or Workplace Safety), preserve something you're about to change (maybe the Monarchy you've been trying to abolish), or restore something you used to have (Free Markets? Outlawed Dissent?). Any of these could end in a violent uprising if the movement is radical enough and you fail to meet its demands.
革命总是从一场要求对国家法律（详见开发日志#7）进行某种改变的政治运动（详见开发日志#14）开始。这种要求可能是为了制定新的东西（也许是普选权或劳动场所安全法案），维护你所要做的改变（也许是你一直试图废除的君主制），或者恢复你曾经拥有的东西（自由市场？ 抗议非法？） 如果政治运动特别激进，而你又不能满足它的要求，前述任何一项都可能以暴力起义告终。
Political Movements have two major attributes to keep an eye on: their Support and their Radicalism. A movement's Support affects how much help they would lend to enacting their desired change if you choose to go along with them, or how much resistance they put up in case of a movement to preserve a law you're trying to change. It also determines how powerful a revolution they can muster, should it come down to that.
政治运动有两个需要注意的主要属性：支持度Support和激进度Radicalism。运动的支持度会影响到的是，如果你选择支持这一运动，他们会给你多少帮助来采纳他们想要的改变，或者在你试图改变法律时，他们会有多少阻力。支持度还决定了，如果要发生革命的话，他们能发动多强大的革命。
Meanwhile, Radicalism measures how likely they are to revolt if they don't get their way. A movement with strong Support and high Radicalism is of course very dangerous. A movement with strong Support but low Radicalism can be a nuisance but is relatively harmless: they'll work within the system, maybe raise a placard or two, but won't take up arms. Finally, a movement with low Support but high Radicalism might not stand much of a chance to overthrow the government on their own, but the instability caused by their ideological fervor could be damaging to your country in the short-term and might even create geopolitical opportunities for your neighbors.
激进度则衡量的是，如果不按他们的方式行事，他们有多大可能会造反。一个拥有强大支持度和高激进度的运动当然是非常危险的。一个高支持度但低激进度的运动可能是个麻烦，但相对无害：他们会在政治框架内工作，也许会举一两个标语牌，但不会拿起武器。最后，一个低支持度但高激进度的运动可能没有什么机会单独推翻政府，但他们对意识形态的狂热所造成的不稳定可能在短期内对你的国家造成损害，甚至可能为你的邻国创造地缘政治机遇。
The movement to restore the Republic is not the most powerful one, but those who do support it care a great deal - and may even be willing to lay down their lives for it. It is supported by both the Armed Forces and the Intelligentsia - not the most likely of bedfellows typically, but united in this case for this particular cause.恢复共和制这一运动可能不是最强大的运动，但那些支持它的人非常关心它——甚至可能愿意为它献出生命。它得到了武装部队和知识分子的支持——这二者通常不会成为同志，但在这种情况下却为这一特殊的事业团结起来。
A movement's Radicalism originates from two sources: the number of Radicals among the Pops that support the movement, and the Clout of supporting Interest Groups with approval low enough to be Angry. Since an Interest Group's approval originates both from the Laws of your country and also how Loyal vs Radical its supporters are, Radical Pops can potentially double their impact on a movement's Radicalism. The major difference between these two factors is that when Pops act through their Interest Groups their impact is through Clout (the national share of their Political Strength) while direct Pop support makes a difference through sheer numbers. This means populist uprisings are possible even though the affected Pops don't have any real representation in the halls of power, assuming they're angry enough about their living conditions.
一个运动的激进度来源于两个方面：支持该运动的Pop中的激进派数量，以及十分不满以至于愤怒地支持该运动的利益集团（详见开发日志#6）的影响力。由于一个利益集团的满意度既来自于国家的法律，也来自于其支持者的忠诚度和激进度，因此激进的Pop有可能对运动的激进度产生双倍的影响。这两个因素之间的主要区别是，当Pop通过他们的利益集团采取行动时，他们的影响是通过影响力Clout（他们的政治力量Political Strength在全国的份额）来实现的，而直接的Pop支持是通过纯粹的数字来产生影响的。这意味着即使受影响的Pop在庙堂之上没有任何真正的代表，只要他们对自己的生活条件足够愤怒，他们也会掀起一场民粹主义起义。
While a movement's demands remain unmet, any Pops that belong to them will gradually gain Radicals. Once the Radicalism of a movement has exceeded a certain threshold it will begin organizing an armed uprising. You can monitor this progression in your outliner to see both how rapidly you're moving along the road to revolution and how far you have already gone, both determined by Radicalism.
当一个运动的要求一直未得到满足时，任何参与这一运动的Pop都会逐渐变得激进。一旦一个运动的激进度超过了某个阈值，它就会开始组织武装起义。你可以在概览中查看这一进展，以了解革命的发展速度以及它的进展，两者都由激进度决定。
This means you can have a direct impact on revolutionary progression. Of course you can cave to the movement's demands, which will placate them and eventually cause them to disband. But you can also address the problem by identifying the troublemakers and deal with them directly: either deradicalize them by improving their living conditions, or suppressing their contrarian ways by other means.
这意味着你可以对革命的进程产生直接影响。当然，你可以向运动屈服以安抚他们，最终解散这场运动。但你也可以通过解决提出问题的人来解决问题：要么改善他们的生活条件来去激进化，要么通过其他手段来压制他们的反叛。
The ability to deal with insurgents by issuing Decrees to suppress Radicals can be a helpful tool in more authoritarian countries with concentrated populations, or where the insurgency is very localized. This is much more difficult in case of broadly supported populist movements in a large country.在人口集中的威权国家，或者在叛乱非常地方化的国家，通过发布法令镇压激进分子可以成为一种有用的方式。如果在一个大国发生得到广泛支持的民粹主义运动，这就困难得多了。
If you manage to get the movement's Radicalism under control, you can make the revolution fizzle out on its own without giving an inch.
如果你能设法控制住运动的激进度，你就能让革命自行消亡而无需让步。
Another way of keeping revolutions in check is by establishing a Home Affairs Institution. By sinking Bureaucracy into Home Affairs you can more easily keep your troublesome elements in check, giving you more room to maneuver politically. As usual such an Institution can take several forms depending on what Law establishes it. A National Guard can require you to take more overt, proactive steps to keep law and order, while a Secret Police is able to operate more effectively in the background.
另一个控制革命的方法是建立一个内务Home Affairs机构。通过将行政力投入到内务机构，你就可以更容易地控制住麻烦分子，从而给你留出更多的政治操作空间。像往常一样，这样的机构可以采取多种形式，这取决于通过什么法律来建立它。国民警卫队会要求你采取更公开、更主动的措施来维持法律和秩序，而秘密警察则能够在暗处更有效地运作。
A minimal Home Affairs Institution under the Secret Police Law.秘密警察法律下，最低限度的内务机构。
When radical movements are met with obstacles to their revolution for a long time, there's an increasing chance that its revolutionary fervor burns out and the movement disbands.
如果激进运动在革命之路上被阻碍了很久，那么革命热情烟消云散，运动解散的可能性就会越来越高。
But let's say you don't manage to placate or obstruct the political movement and the revolutionary progression boils over a required threshold. In this case an armed uprising will take a number of your states, proportional to the strength of the movement and localized roughly where its supporters are, to form a new revolutionary country. This country has the same technology as you but with some differences in laws, to reflect the ideological desires of the political movement's leadership. Furthermore, the Interest Groups in this new country will become marginalized if they do not support the revolution, while the opposite is true in the loyalist part of the country.
但是如果你没能安抚或阻碍这些政治运动，革命进度到了所需阈值以上，这种情况下，武装起义就会席卷数个你的地区（具体数目正比于运动的强度以及当地大致有多少支持者），建立一个新的革命国家。这个国家会和你有一样的科技水平，但是在法律上有所不同，用以反映政治运动领袖的意识形态要求。更进一步的，新国家内的利益集团如果不支持革命，就会被边缘化，而在国家的忠诚派部分则会发生相反的事情。
Obviously, characters supporting revolutionary Interest Groups will join the revolution. This includes not only Interest Group leaders, but also those Generals and Admirals you may have carefully nurtured over many military campaigns and who may by now be in charge of most of your forces. Even if you win against them, they won't be making it back to your country - alive, at least.
显然，支持革命利益集团的人物会加入革命。这不仅包括利益集团领袖，也包括了那些你可能尽心尽力在无数次军事行动中培养出来的、或许现在还掌管了你的大部分军队的将军和海军上将。就算你赢了他们，他们也不会再度回到你的国家了——至少不会活着回来。
All other properties of this new country are dependent on the states they won over. If the revolution takes all your Barracks and Arms Industries, you might be in big trouble; if the revolutionary states consist mostly of Paper Mills and Art Academies, maybe you're not so worried (until your Government Administrations start grinding to a halt and your aristocracy get mad about the lack of culture workers to patronize, that is). And of course, the loyalist part of the country retains all their hard-won diplomatic pacts and treaties, while the pretender has to start from scratch.
这个新国家的所有其他属性取决于他们赢得的地区。如果革命把你的军营和武器工业都拿过去了，那你恐怕就有得受了；如果革命发生的地区内主要是造纸厂和艺术学院，或许你就不需要很担心（直到你的政府行政机构逐渐停滞，你的贵族阶层因为没有文化工作者来赞助而变得愤怒之前，是这样的）。当然了，国家由忠诚派掌控的部分会保留所有他们努力获得的外交协定和协议，而觊觎者就得从头开始了。
What follows is a revolutionary [Diplomatic] Play where the stakes are very simple: the loyalist part of the country tries to crush the rebellion, while the revolutionary country tries to swarm the loyalists. Other countries with an Interest in the region can participate in this Play as usual. It is not uncommon for countries with good relations to the country before the revolution to support the loyalists in restoring order. It is also possible for a country whose government supports the ideals of the revolutionaries to back their side. As such, a revolution might not only result in you having to fight and kill your own people, but your nation might even become the ideological battleground of Great Powers.
接下来就是革命（外交）博弈（详见开发日志#21）了，赌注则非常简单：国家由忠诚派控制的部分试图粉碎叛乱，而革命国家则试图干掉忠诚派。其他在地区内有利益存在Interest的国家也可以像平常一样参与博弈。和该国在革命前就有良好关系的国家参与进来支持忠诚派恢复秩序并不罕见。如果一个国家的政府支持革命者的理念，也有可能参与进来支持革命者。这样的话，革命可能就不会只是让你干掉自己人了，你的国家甚至可能变成列强的意识形态战场。
A revolution in South Germany might prove a perfect opportunity for some old rivals to weaken each other and perhaps woo a potential Subject nation without having to take on any Infamy of their own.南德意志的革命或许会是一些老对手削弱对方的完美机会，甚至还可能在不增加自身恶名的情况下争取到一个潜在的附属国。
If the prospect of winning against the revolutionaries doesn't look good, like in all Diplomatic Plays you have the option of giving up. But rather than simply backing down and letting the revolutionaries have their way (which, to be frank, you could and should have done a long time ago if that was your intention), in revolutionary Plays you only have an option to switch sides and take over the revolutionary part of the country in its fight against the loyalists. A daring player might decide to manufacture a powerful revolution on purpose in order to push some highly contentious laws through, though this strategy definitely straddles the line between brilliance and madness.
如果打赢革命者看起来前景渺茫，那么如同所有外交博弈一样，你可以选择放弃。但是除了直接让步而让革命者达成自己的目标（其实吧，你要真的愿意这么干，那早该干了）以外，在革命博弈中你还可以选择换边来控制国家革命的那一部分来对抗忠诚派。一个大胆的玩家可能会决定去故意制造一场强大的革命，以此通过一些非常有争议的法案，不过这种策略就很难说是智慧还是疯狂了。
It's important to note that there is no potential for a "white peace" in a revolution. Either side can capitulate, of course, but a peace cannot be signed without one party pressing their war goal and annexing the other side. By the end of the revolution, only one country will be left standing.
还要重点说明一下，革命中没有“白和平”的可能性。双方当然都可能会停止抵抗，但除非有一方达成战争目标吞并另一方，否则就无法签订和平协议。在革命之后，只有一个国家还能继续存在。
Needless to say, while all wars are expensive, civil wars are doubly so. A quick and decisive victory with minimal casualties is the best you can hope for - a long, drawn-out war amassing casualties and devastation on both sides might result in a country so broken it will take decades to rebuild. But once the war is over, the Interest Groups that lost the power struggle are defeated, for a time. Perhaps during this "golden age" you will have the opportunity to effect some much-needed political change and rise from the ashes?
不用说，所有战争都很昂贵（详见开发日志#25），内战则双倍甚之。一场伤亡很少的快速而决定性的胜利是你所能期待的最好结果，而一场漫长乃至旷日持久还让双方不停产生伤亡和破坏的战争或许会让国家极度破败，以至于要花上数十年来重建。但一旦战场结束，输掉了权力斗争的利益集团就会被击败，至少暂时如此。而在这段“黄金时代”内你就有机会进行一些非常必要的政治变革，从而从废墟中崛起？
Losing a revolutionary war means your country loses all its territory and Pops, in other words Game Over. This is something we've gone back and forth on during development, because while we do want you to be able to drastically transform your country through revolution, we don't want to encourage you to just give up if things are looking bleak because resisting means a prolonged conflict leading to a more war-torn country in the end. So pick your side, but do it carefully! Should you end up losing after all, just like in any Game Over situation you can choose to continue playing as a different country, including the political faction that just took over yours. But to be clear, we still haven't fully made our mind up on this and might well change our mind again! What do you think? Feel free to let us know in the comments!
输掉一场革命战争意味着你的国家会失去所有领土和Pop，换句话说就是游戏结束。这是开发过程中我们来回改的一个地方，因为虽然我们想让你能够通过革命大幅改变你的国家，但是并不想鼓励你在形势一片黯淡的情况下直接摆烂（毕竟抵抗意味着旷日持久的冲突，最后只会产生一个更加被战争所撕裂的国家）。做出你的选择吧，但要慎重！如果最后你还是输了，就像任何游戏结束情景一样，你还可以继续扮演另一个国家游玩，包括那个刚刚把你拿下的政治派系。但要说清楚，我们还是没有完全决定好这个内容应该怎么处理，之后可能还要再改！你怎么看？尽情在评论中告诉我们吧！
Next week I'll return with part two of civil wars: cultural secessions. Until then!
下周我会再回来讲内战的第二部分：文化分离Cultural Secessions。下次见！
翻译：铿尔舍瑟 AntiAccess
校对：三等文官猹中堂
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