No Other Choice—别无选择（乔治·布莱克）（第一章~end）
Meanwhile, encouraged by the successes which marked the entry of SIS into the technical age, an even bolder enterprise was being contemplated. If it succeeded it would turn 'Y' into a vast organisation, almost a small intelligence service on its own and an unrivalled source of information on the Soviet armed forces.
【与此同时，由于受到新技术成功的鼓舞，SIS正在设想一种更大胆的计划。如果它成功了，它将把“Y”变成一个庞大的组织，几乎是一个小型的情报机构，一个无与伦比的关于苏联军事力量信息的来源。】
In the middle of 1953, with the Vienna telephone taps producing a steady stream of valuable traffic, Peter lunn, his reputation enormously enhanced and now one of the most powerful figures in the Service, was appointed Head of the Berlin station. If the post of SIS representative in Washington is considered the plum of the Service from a prestige point of view that of Head of the Berlin station was, at that time, far and away the most important from an operational aspect.
【1953年中期，维也纳的窃听带来了源源不断的情报，彼得·伦恩被任命为柏林站的站长，他获得了很高的赞誉，现在他是情报处最有权势的人物之一。如果从声望的角度来看，情报系统驻华盛顿代表的职位被认为是情报处的美差，那么从技术的角度来看，柏林站站长的职位在当时无疑是最重要的。】
It is not surprising after his success in Vienna that Peter tackled the problem of getting intelligence on the Soviet armed forces stationed in East Germany in very much the same manner. With his usual energy, one of the first things he did was to set up a special technical section in the station at the head of which he put a British Post Office engineer on loan to SIS. This section was given the task of studying the intelligence obtained from sources in the East German telephone service with a view to working out plans for possible cable tapping operations.
【在维也纳取得成功后，彼得以同样的方式解决了获取驻扎在东德的苏联武装部队情报的难题，这并不令人惊讶。凭借他一贯的精力，他做的第一件事就是在车站建立了一个特殊的技术部门，他把一名英国邮局的工程师借调到SIS担任这个部门的负责人。该部门的任务是研究从东德窃听部门获得的情报的来源，以便为之后的窃听行动制订计划。】
It was not long before this section was able to put forward three concrete proposals. The most promising of these envisaged an operation against three Soviet cables, running close to the boundary of the American enclave at Alt Glienicke near Berlin which juts deeply into the Soviet zone. In order to carry out this operation it would be necessary to do two things: dig a tunnel advancing more than 600 yards into DDR territory, and obtain the co-operation of the Americans.
【不久之后，该部门就提出三项具体建议。其中最有希望的是针对三条苏联电缆的行动，这三条电缆靠近柏林附近的美国飞地阿尔特列尼克的边界，这条线深入到苏联地区。为了实施这一行动，需要做两件事:挖一条延伸600多码的隧道进入德意志民主共和国的领土，并获得美国人的合作。】
The number and size of the cables as well as the distance they were located from the sector boundary made this operation an infinitely more complex undertaking than anything that had been done in Vienna. Moreover, because of the permanent tension generated by the Berlin question, it was politically far more hazardous. When the preliminary discussions within SIS itself had been concluded and approval had been obtained in principle, the Foreign Office and the service ministries were consulted. The dividends expected from this operation were such that any hesitations on the part of the former were swept away by the enthusiasm of the latter. The general consensus was that the risks and expenses would be amply justified by the vast amount of hard intelligence that could be expected from this operation.
【由于电缆的数量和大小以及它们与区域边界之间的距离，这一行动比在维也纳所做的任何工作都要复杂得多。此外，由于柏林问题造成的长期紧张局势，它在政治上要危险得多。在SIS内部的初步讨论结束并原则上获得核准后，就同外交部和各服务部门进行了协商。预期从这次行动中得到的好处使得前者的任何犹豫都会被后者的热情所冲淡。普遍的共识是，这次行动所带来的大量可靠情报将充分证明风险和费用是合理的。】
The two principal experts, Mr Taylor who was to make the tap, and Mr Balmain, who would have to supervise the construction of the tunnel, had already studied the project and given their verdict that it was practicable. The next step was to approach the CIA in Washington. As they had been regularly receiving the Vienna bulletins and at once saw the infinitely greater possibilities offered by the Berlin plan, which had been given the codename 'Stop-watch Gold', they needed no persuading and were at once enthusiastic. In February 1954 the CIA sent a strong team of their experts to London to begin detailed discussions and lay down the framework for future co-operation. The team of five officers was headed by Rowlett, who at that time was Head of the Soviet section in the CIA. Also present was Bill Harvey the Head of the CIA station in Berlin. This Texan had rather a Wild West approach to intelligence and, as if wishing to deliberately draw attention to this, always carried a six-shooter in an arm holster with him. Its unseemly bulge under his too-tight jacket looked somewhat incongruous in the quiet elegance of Tom Gimson's office in Carlton Gardens where the meetings were held.
【两位主要专家，负责管道施工的泰勒先生和监督隧道施工的巴尔曼先生，已经研究过这个项目，并得出了结论，认为这个项目是可行的。下一步是联系华盛顿的中央情报局。由于他们经常收到维也纳公报，他们立即看到代号为“黄金秒表”的柏林计划提供了无限的可能性，因此他们不需要说服，便充满热情。1954年2月，中央情报局派出一支由专家组成的强大团队前往伦敦，展开详细讨论，并为未来的合作制定框架。这个由五名官员组成的小组由罗莱特领导，他当时是中央情报局苏联部门的负责人。柏林中央情报局局长比尔·哈维也出席了会议。这个德州人对情报工作有一种西部蛮荒的态度，似乎故意要引起人们的注意，他总是在胳膊上的枪套里装着一支六发手枪。在他那件过紧的夹克下，那件衣服显得不太得体地鼓了起来，与卡尔顿花园汤姆·吉姆森那间安静优雅的办公室里开会的地方显得有些不协调。】
The SIS side was led by George Young, then still Director of Requirements and soon to become Vice-Chief. Peter Lunn was there as the initiator of the project and Tom Gimson as the expert on the processing side. Other British authorities were called in as their aspect of the operation came up for discussion. I kept the minutes of the meeting.
【SIS方面由乔治·杨领导，当时还是需求部门的主任，很快就成为副主任。彼得·伦恩是项目的发起人，汤姆·吉姆森是处理方面的专家。其他英国当局也被叫来讨论行动。我做了会议记录。】
The morning sessions were always prolonged over lunch to which each side entertained the other in one of the smarter West End restaurants. The afternoons were taken up with detailed discussions between the experts of both sides. The atmosphere was cordial and businesslike. The Americans were clearly anxious to get down to brass tacks and work out as quickly as possible a detailed plan for submission to Washington.
【上午的会议总是延长到午餐时间，双方在伦敦西区一家比较高档的餐馆里招待对方。下午双方专家进行了详细的讨论。气氛亲切而严肃。显然，美国人急于进入正题，尽快制定出一份详细的计划提交给华盛顿。】
First the broad outlines of co-operation were laid down. The Americans would provide the money, the necessary cover facilities in Berlin and the manual labour required. The British would supply the technical equipment, the experts in the various fields and the monitoring staff. The processing and evaluation of the intelligence obtained would be carried out by joint CIA-SIS teams. The end product would be shared by the two services. As the processing centre would be located in London, it would be headed by an SIS officer with an American as his deputy.
【首先，双方确定了合作的大致框架。美国人将提供资金，在柏林提供必要的掩护设施和所需的体力劳动。英国将提供技术设备、各领域的专家和监测人员。对所获得的情报的处理和评估将由CIA和SIS的联合小组进行。最终获得的情报将由这两个机构共享。由于处理中心将设在伦敦，它将由一名SIS官员领导，一名美国人作为他的副手。】
In Berlin an American Army store would be built in the Alt Glienicke area to provide cover for the digging operation and to house the large monitoring station. The tunnel would run some twenty-four feet deep from the Army store along a cemetery to the Schoenefelder road under which ran the three Soviet cables. These contained direct trunk lines connecting the Soviet headquarters in Karlshorst with Moscow, as well as a large number of other military telephone lines. The taps themselves would be located in a shaft-like tapchamber only a few feet underground. The monitoring station, equipped with transformers, amplifiers, recording machines and the latest miscellaneous electronic equipment would be installed in vast chambers under the Army store. An elaborate alarm system would be installed which would give immediate warning if any unauthorised person penetrated the tunnel. Heavy sliding steel doors would secure the monitoring area from entry from the Eastern side. At the point where the tunnel crossed the zonal boundary it would be closed off by barrier of sandbags. Finally a special air service would be laid on to fly the take daily to London for processing.
【在柏林，美国军队将在阿尔特格列尼克地区建造一个仓库，为挖掘工作提供掩护，并为大型监测站提供住所。这条隧道大约有24英尺深，从军需仓库沿着墓地一直延伸到舍恩菲尔德路，在这条路下面有三条苏联电缆。这些线路包括直接连接位于卡尔肖斯特的苏联总部和莫斯科的干线，以及大量其他军用电话线。监测站配有变压器、放大器、录音机和最新的各种电子设备，将安装在陆军仓库下面的巨大房间里。该处会安装一套精密的警报系统，一旦有违例人士进入隧道，便会立即发出警告。沉重的滑动钢门将确保监控区域从东侧进入。在隧道穿过区域边界的地方，它将被沙袋阻隔。最后，将安排一种特殊的航空服务，每天将这些乘客送往伦敦办理手续。】
It might at this point be helpful to give a brief account of the general relationship between SIS and CIA at that time.
【在这一点上，简要叙述一下当时SIS和CIA之间的一般关系可能会有所帮助。】
On the whole, co-operation between SIS and CIA was extremely close, though for reasons inherent in the character of these organisations there was always bound to be a certain amount of reserve on both sides. It is true that SIS, with its historic reputation and long experience, had been called in to act as midwife at the birth of CIA in the years immediately after the war when the USA had felt the need for a permanent intelligence service. In the person of Kim Philby, it had then had a guiding hand in the organisation of the new service and in the light of subsequent events it may possibly not have been the only guiding hand. But soon the young stripling had outgrown its mentor and, with far greater resources in money and manpower, had become the senior partner. Though its methods of operating were on the whole not to the liking of most SIS officers who, both by tradition and necessity, practised a more subtle approach and favoured more discreet ways of getting hold of intelligence, CIA, by sheer force of numbers and money, was able to produce far more information than SIS, with all its experience and know-how, could ever hope to lay hands on.
【总体来说，SIS和CIA之间的合作是非常密切的，尽管由于这些组织固有的原因，双方总是有一定的保留。诚然，在二战结束后不久，美国觉得有必要建立一个永久性的情报机构时，SIS凭借其历史声誉和长期经验，在CIA诞生之初就被召来充当助产士。在金·菲尔比(Kim Philby)的领导下，它在新服务的组织中起到了指导作用，鉴于随后发生的事件，它可能不是唯一的指导作用。但很快，这个年轻的小伙子就长大了，超过了他的导师，在财力和人力上都有了更大的资源，成为了资深合伙人。总的来说，它的运作方式并不符合SIS局大多数官员的喜好，无论是传统的还是必要的，他们都采用了更微妙的方法和更谨慎的获取情报的方法，而CIA仅仅依靠数量和金钱就能提供比SIS多得多的情报，它所有的经验和技术，都能指望得到。】
Contacts between SIS and CIA covered a wide field of activity. Some large-scale intelligence operations were jointly run. For instance, the British and Americans together financed and controlled for intelligence purposes the anti-Soviet emigre organisation, NTS. This operation, run under the code name 'Shrapnel', cost a lot of money, but produced poor results. Having come to the conclusion that NTS operations in the Soviet Union had come almost completely under Soviet control, SIS decided in 1955 to pull out and leave the tiresome job of dealing with Russian emigres to its American partner.
【SIS和CIA之间的联系涉及广泛的活动领域。一些大规模的情报行动是联合进行的。例如，英国和美国为了情报目的共同资助和控制反苏移民组织NTS。这次代号为“弹片”的行动耗资巨大，但效果不佳。在得出NTS在苏联的运作几乎完全在苏联控制之下的结论后，SIS在1955年决定撤出，把处理俄罗斯移民的烦人工作交给它的美国伙伴。】
This liaison between the British and American intelligence services was chiefly conducted through the SIS Washington station and CIA's station in London. The latter office had a large staff dealing with a number of Government departments (MI5, the Joint Intelligence Committee, the Joint Intelligence Bureau, the Foreign Office and others) but their main link was with SIS, which was broadly speaking responsible for their activities in the United Kingdom.
【英美情报机构之间的联络主要是通过SIS华盛顿站和CIA伦敦站进行的。后一个办事处有大量工作人员与若干政府部门(军情五处、联合情报委员会、联合情报局、外交部和其他部门)打交道，但它们的主要联系是与情报系统联系，一般来说，情报系统负责它们在联合王国的活动。】
CIA often discussed plans and operations with SIS before informing the State Department of them. Care had to be taken therefore that no reference was made in Foreign Office telegrams to joint SIS-CIA operations or plans. Failure to observe this precaution had in the past resulted in the State Department becoming aware of CIA plans before they had been submitted to it for clearance, thus causing embarrassment to CIA and SIS relations.
【中央情报局经常在向国务院通报计划和行动之前与SIS进行讨论。因此，需要注意的是，外交部的电报中没有提到SIS-CIA的联合行动或计划。在过去，由于未能遵守这一预防措施，美国国务院在CIA的计划提交给它审批之前就知道了，从而给CIA和SIS的关系造成了损害。】
There was an understanding that CIA would not recruit British citizens without SIS approval and SIS would not recruit American citizens without CIA approval. Equally CIA would not carry out intelligence operations in the United Kingdom without submitting details to SIS and obtaining its approval.
【有一项共识是，CIA不会在没有得到SIS批准的情况下招募英国公民，SIS也不会在没有得到CIA批准的情况下招募美国公民。同样，如果没有向SIS提交细节并获得其批准，CIA也不会在英国开展情报活动。】
Not every one in SIS welcomed these close ties with the Americans. George Young, when he was Vice-Chief, said in one of his talks to senior SIS officers about Anglo-American relations in general, and SIS-CIA relations in particular: 'If we were in the position of England at the time of the first Elizabeth with the same unscrupulous adventurism of the first Elizabethans, the situation would not be difficult to play for our Government . . . But Britain would have to keep a free hand, as free as Elizabeth always left herself in her dealings with Spain, France, the Netherlands and the Muscovites. For better or for worse, we have thrown in our lot with the Americans. Interdependence has meant that we are embroiled more and more with CIA in any major project. It is the Prime Minister's policy "to carry the Americans with us", as the saying goes. The snag of course is that in a number of spheres of SIS-CIA co-operation the Americans might drag us back or even down with them and it is a delicate and difficult matter to handle.'
【并不是所有SIS成员都欢迎与美国的这种密切关系。乔治·杨在担任副局长时，曾在一次与SIS高级官员的谈话中谈到英美关系，特别是SIS与CIA的关系:“如果我们处在伊丽莎白一世时期的英国的地位，有着伊丽莎白一世时期的那种冒险主义，那么我们政府的处境就不难了……但英国必须自由行事，就像伊丽莎白在处理西班牙，法国，荷兰和莫斯科人时所做的那样不管是好是坏，我们都和美国人在一起。相互依赖意味着我们在任何重大项目中都越来越多地与中情局纠缠在一起。正如俗话所说，首相的政策是“让美国人与我们同在”。当然，问题是，在SIS-CIA的多个领域的合作中，美国人可能会把我们拖回去，甚至拖下去，这是一个微妙而困难的问题。”】
No doubt this was an expression of his personal views, but, I think, it is true to say that it reflected fairly accurately those tacitly held by the great majority of SIS officers.
【毫无疑问，这是他个人观点的表达，但我认为，可以说，这相当准确地反映了绝大多数SIS官员所默认的观点。】
I want to make it quite clear here that, apart from my involvement in the initial stages of operation 'Stop-watch Gold', the codename allotted by the SIS Registry Office to the Berlin tunnel operation, I have myself never at any stage in my career in SIS had any official contact with the CIA or been engaged in joint operations with that organisation.
【我想在这里明确说明，除了我参与了"黄金秒表"行动的初始阶段，这是SIS登记处分配给柏林隧道行动的代号，我本人在SIS的职业生涯中从未与CIA有过任何官方联系或参与过与该组织的联合行动。】
When the Americans left they took with them to Washington detailed plans of every aspect of the operation. It so happened that two days later I had my regular meeting with my Soviet contact. I handed to him film of the minutes taken at the meetings together with the accompanying sketches and plans which I had been able to photograph in my office during lunchtime the previous day. I told him in broad outline about the Berlin project and pointed out to him the great secrecy with which the operation was surrounded and the necessity for taking particular care that any counter-measures the Soviet authorities might take should look natural and not create the suspicion that they were aware of what was afoot. My Soviet opposite number was much impressed with the audacity of the scheme and its magnitude and asked me to meet him again soon so that we could discuss it in more detail and I could keep him informed of any fresh developments.
【当美国人离开时，他们带着行动各个方面的详细计划来到华盛顿。碰巧的是，两天后，我和我的苏联联络人进行了常规会面。我把会议记录的胶片，以及附带的草图和计划交给了他，这些都是我前一天午餐时间在办公室里拍摄的。我把柏林计划的大致内容告诉了他，并向他指出，这次行动的秘密程度非常高，而且必须特别小心，苏联当局采取的任何应对措施看上去都应该很自然，而不能让人怀疑他们知道正在进行的行动。我的苏联联络人对这一计划的大胆和规模印象深刻，他请我不久再与他见面，以便我们可以更详细地讨论这个问题，如果有任何新进展，我可以随时通知他。】
When we met again a week later he told me that in view of the importance of the information and its secrecy he had taken the photographed documents to Moscow himself. There they were now being studied in order to work out appropriate protective measures. As far as he could see at this stage these would probably be limited to diverting the most important and secret traffic to other routes. He had, however, been especially instructed to assure me that no steps would be taken which could be interpreted as evidence that the Soviets knew or even suspected that their cables were no longer secure. The safeguarding of my position was considered of paramount importance. The operation would therefore be allowed to take its normal course. Indeed, it might be possible to make use of it to Soviet advantage.
【一个星期后我们再次见面时，他告诉我，考虑到情报的重要性和机密性，他已亲自把那些照片文件带到莫斯科去了。目前正在那里对它们进行研究，以便制定适当的保护措施。就他目前所知，这可能仅限于将最重要和最秘密的情报转移到其他路线。然而，他被特别指示向我保证，不会采取任何可能被解读为证据的措施，表明苏联知道甚至怀疑他们的电报不再安全。保卫我的地位被认为是最重要的。因此，将允许这项行动按照其正常进程进行。事实上，苏联有可能利用它来为自己谋利。】
How had it come about that I, who had been so proud on that morning in August 1944 when Colonel Cordeaux RM, Chief of the Northern Area (CNA), had told me in his office on the eighth floor of 54 Broadway Buildings that I was now a member of the legendary British Secret Service, so proud that I could hardly believe my luck, was now freely and willingly divulging information on the most sensitive and secret operations of that service to a representative of the Soviet Union? To explain this, I will have to start with the story of my life and above all relate how it shaped and changed, in the course of time, my religious and ideological convictions and brought me to the situation in which I now found myself.
【1944年8月的那个早晨，北区的首长科多·雷上校，他在他的办公室里告诉我，我现在是传奇般的英国特勤局的一员。而为什么现在是在自由和自愿地向苏联代表泄露有关该机构最敏感和秘密行动的情报?为了解释这一点，我将不得不从我的生活故事开始，最重要的是讲述它是如何在时间的过程中塑造和改变我的宗教和意识形态信念，并将我带到我现在所处的境地。】
