这是关于梅柳齐娜的最后一篇（实际上梅柳齐娜还有一个文献，但是有点长，也就整整五十面吧，反正我开摆了）

我的观点会用（括号红色写出）

以下内容翻译自梅柳齐娜英文wiki

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melusine

Mélusine (French: [melyzin]) or Melusina is a figure of European folklore, a female spirit of fresh water in a holy well or river. She is usually depicted as a woman who is a serpent or fish from the waist down (much like a lamia or a mermaid). She is also sometimes illustrated with wings, two tails, or both. Her legends are especially connected with the northern and western areas of France, Luxembourg, and the Low Countries.

梅柳齐娜Mélusine (法语读音: [melyzin]) 或 Melusina是欧洲民间传说中的一个角色，是圣井或圣河淡水里的女性妖精。她通常被描绘成一个腰部以下是蛇或鱼的女人（很像蛇女拉米亚或美人鱼）。她有时还画有翅膀，两条尾巴，或两者都有。她的传说尤其与法国北部和西部，卢森堡以及低地国家有关。

The Limburg-Luxemburg dynasty (which ruled the Holy Roman Empire from 1308 to 1437 as well as Bohemia and Hungary), the House of Anjou and their descendants the House of Plantagenet (kings of England), and the French House of Lusignan (kings of Cyprus from 1205–1472, and for shorter periods over Cilician Armenia and Jerusalem) are said in folk tales and medieval literature to be descended from Melusine. The story combines several major legendary themes, such as the water nymph or mermaid, the earth being (terroir), the genius or guardian spirit of a location, the succubus who comes from the diabolical world to unite carnally with a man, or the banshee or harbinger of death.

民间传说和中世纪文学中都说，林堡-卢森堡王朝（1308年至1437年统治神圣罗马帝国以及波希米亚和匈牙利），安茹王朝及其后裔金雀花王朝（英国国王），吕西尼昂的法国王朝（1205-1472年为塞浦路斯国王，短期为西里西亚-亚美尼亚和耶路撒冷国王）是梅柳齐娜的后裔。故事结合了几个主要的传说主题，如水精（nymph 即宁芙是希腊神话的水精灵）或美人鱼，地球生物（风土环境），某地的妖精或守护灵，来自魔界的魅魔与男人肉体上结合，女妖或者死亡预兆。

Etymology 词源

The French Dictionnaire de la langue française suggests the Latin melus, meaning "melodious, pleasant". Another theory is that Melusine was inspired by a Poitevin legend of "Mère Lusine," leader of a band of fairies who built Roman edifices throughout the countryside. Melusine's name varies depending on the areas, such as Merlusse in Vosges or Merluisaine in Champagne.

法语词典《de la langue française》认为拉丁文 melus ，意思是“悠扬，愉悦”。另一种说法是，梅柳齐娜的灵感来源于普瓦图传说中的“Mère Lusine”，即一群在农村各地建造了罗马建筑的精灵的首领。梅柳齐娜的名字因地区而异，例如孚日（法国地名）的 Merlusse 或香槟（法国地名）的 Merluisaine。

Literary versions 文学版本

The most famous literary version of Melusine tales, that of Jean d'Arras, compiled about 1382–1394, was worked into a collection of "spinning yarns" as told by ladies at their spinning coudrette (coulrette (in French)). He wrote The Romans of Partenay or of Lusignen: Otherwise known as the Tale of Melusine, giving source and historical notes, dates and background of the story. He goes into detail and depth about the relationship of Melusine and Raymondin, their initial meeting, and the complete story.

最著名的梅柳齐娜故事的版本由 Jean d'Arras 编写于大约1382-1394年，被编入一系列的“纺纱故事”内，正如女士们在她们的纺纱机（coulrette 法语）上所说的那样。他写了《The Romans of Partenay or of Lusignen: Otherwise known as the Tale of Melusine》，给出了故事的来源和历史注释，日期和故事背景。他详细深入地讲述了梅柳齐娜和 Raymondin 的关系，他们的初次见面以及整个故事。

The tale was translated into German in 1456 by Thüring von Ringoltingen, which version became popular as a chapbook. It was later translated into English, twice, around 1500, and often printed in both the 15th century and the 16th century. There is also a Castilian and a Dutch translation, both of which were printed at the end of the 15th century. A prose version is entitled the Chronique de la princesse (Chronicle of the Princess).

这个故事在1456年被 Thüring von Ringoltingen 翻译成德语，这个版本作为一本小册子流行起来。它后来大约在1500年被两次翻译成英语，并且在15世纪和16世纪里常常被印刷。也有卡斯蒂利亚西班牙语和荷兰语的译本，都是在15世纪末印刷的。散文版的标题是《Chronique de la princesse》（公主纪事）。

The story tells how in the time of the Crusades, Elynas, the King of Albany (an old name for Scotland or Alba), went hunting one day and came across a beautiful lady in the forest. She was Pressyne, mother of Melusine. He persuaded her to marry him but she agreed, only on the promise—for there is often a hard and fatal condition attached to any pairing of fay and mortal—that he must not enter her chamber when she birthed or bathed her children. She gave birth to triplets. When he violated this taboo, Pressyne left the kingdom, together with her three daughters, and traveled to the lost Isle of Avalon.

故事讲述了十字军东征期间，奥尔巴尼（苏格兰或阿尔巴的旧名字）国王 Elynas 一天去打猎，在森林里遇到一位美丽女子。她是 Pressyne，梅柳齐娜的母亲。他说服她嫁给他，但她在一个承诺的条件下同意了——因为任何一对妖精和凡人配偶通常都附带一个苛刻而致命的条件——即他不能在她分娩或给孩子洗澡时进入她的房间。她生了三胞胎。当他违反这一禁忌时，Pressyne 和她的三个女儿离开了王国，前往了失落的岛屿阿瓦隆。

The three girls—Melusine, Melior, and Palatyne—grew up in Avalon. On their fifteenth birthday, Melusine, the eldest, asked why they had been taken to Avalon. Upon hearing of their father's broken promise, Melusine sought revenge. She and her sisters captured Elynas and locked him, with his riches, in a mountain. Pressyne became enraged when she learned what the girls had done, and punished them for their disrespect to their father. Melusine was condemned to take the form of a serpent from the waist down every Saturday.

三个女孩梅柳齐娜，Melior 和 Palatyne 在阿瓦隆长大。在她们十五岁生日时，长女梅柳齐娜问她们为什么被带到阿瓦隆。一听到是父亲的失信，梅柳齐娜便寻求复仇。她和她的姐妹们抓捕了 Elynas，并将他和他的财产锁在山上。Pressyne 得知这些女孩的所作所为时非常愤怒，并惩罚了她们对父亲的不敬。每个星期六，梅柳齐娜都被判从腰部以下变成蛇。

Raymond or Raymondin of Poitou came across Melusine in a forest of Coulombiers in Poitou in France, and proposed marriage. Just as her mother had done, she laid a condition: that he must never enter her chamber on a Saturday. For many years Raymond kept his promise, and Melusine bore him ten sons and organized the construction of marvelous castles. However, Raymond was eventually goaded by a relative and grew suspicious of Melusine's activities on Saturday. He broke his promise and peeked into her chamber, where he saw Melusine bathing in half-serpent form. He kept his transgression a secret, until one of their now-adult sons murdered another. In front of his court, the grieving Raymond blamed Melusine and called her a "serpent." She then assumed the form of a dragon, provided him with two magic rings, and flew off, never to be seen again. She returned only at night to nurse her two youngest children, who were still infants.

普瓦图的 Raymond 或 Raymondin 在法国普瓦图 Coulombiers 森林中遇到了梅柳齐娜，并向她求婚。正如她母亲所做的那样，她提出了一个条件：他绝不能在星期六进入她的房间。多年来，Raymond 信守诺言，梅柳齐娜给他生了十个儿子，并组织了许多非凡的城堡的建造。然而，Raymond 最终受到了一位亲戚的怂恿，并对梅柳齐娜周六的活动产生了怀疑。他违背了诺言，偷看了她的房间，在那里他看到了梅柳齐娜以半蛇的形态洗澡。他对自己的违背诺言的行为保密，直到他们的一个成年儿子谋杀了另一个儿子。在庭院前，悲痛的雷蒙德指责梅柳齐娜，并称她为“蛇”。然后她化身为龙，给了他两个魔法戒指，然后飞走了，再也没有人看见她。她只在晚上回来照顾她的两个最小的仍然为婴儿的孩子。

Analysis 分析

In folkloristics, German folklorist Hans-Jörg Uther classifies the Melusine tale and related legends as its own tale type of the Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index. In the German Folktale Catalogue (German: Deutscher Märchenkatalog), they are grouped under type *425O, "Melusine", part of a section related to tales where a human maiden marries a supernatural husband in animal form (Animal as Bridegroom).

在民俗学中，德国民俗学家 Hans-Jörg Uther 将梅柳齐娜的故事和相关传说分类为自己的故事类型，即Aarne-Thompson-Uther 索引。在德国民间故事目录（德语：Deutscher Märchenkatalog）中，它们被归为*425O类，“Melusine”，这是与【人类少女与动物形的超自然丈夫结婚的故事】相关的一部分（动物作为新娘）。

As in tales of swan maidens, shapeshifting and flight on wings away from oath-breaking husbands figure in stories about Mélusine. According to Sabine Baring-Gould in Curious Tales of the Middle Ages, the pattern of the tale is similar to the Knight of the Swan legend which inspired the character "Lohengrin" in Wolfram von Eschenbach's Parzival.

就像天鹅少女的故事一样，梅柳齐娜的故事中也出现了变身和用翅膀从违背誓言的丈夫身边飞走。据 Sabine Baring-Gould 在《Curious Tales of the Middle Ages》所说的，故事的模式类似于天鹅传说里的骑士，该传说激发了 Wolfram von Eschenbach 的《Parzival》中的角色 Lohengrin 的灵感。

Jacques Le Goff considered that Melusina represented a fertility figure: "she brings prosperity in a rural area...Melusina is the fairy of medieval economic growth".

Jacques Le Goff 认为梅柳齐娜代表了一个富饶形象：“她给农村地区带来了繁荣……梅柳齐娜是中世纪经济增长的仙女”。

Other versions 其他版本

In France 法国

Melusine legends are especially connected with the northern areas of France, Poitou and the Low Countries, as well as Cyprus, where the French Lusignan royal house that ruled the island from 1192 to 1489 claimed to be descended from Melusine. Oblique reference to this was made by Sir Walter Scott who told a Melusine tale in Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border (1802–1803) stating that {{cquote|the reader will find the fairy of Normandy, or Bretagne, adorned with all the splendour of Eastern description. The fairy Melusina, also, who married Guy de Lusignan, Count of Poitou, under condition that he should never attempt to intrude upon her privacy, was of this latter class. She bore the count many children, and erected for him a magnificent castle by her magical art. Their harmony was uninterrupted until the prying husband broke the conditions of their union, by concealing himself to behold his wife make use of her enchanted bath. Hardly had Melusina discovered the indiscreet intruder, than, transforming herself into a dragon, she departed with a loud yell of lamentation, and was never again visible to mortal eyes; although, even in the days of Brantome, she was supposed to be the protectress of her descendants, and was heard wailing as she sailed upon the blast round the turrets of the castle of Lusignan the night before it was demolished.

梅柳齐娜的传说尤其与法国北部地区，普瓦图和低地国家以及塞浦路斯有关，1192年至1489年统治该岛的法国吕西尼昂王室声称是梅柳齐娜的后裔。Walter Scott 爵士间接提到了这一点，他在《Minstrelsy of Scottish Border》（1802-1803）中讲述了一个梅柳齐娜的故事，称“读者会发现，诺曼底或布列塔尼的仙女，装饰着所有东方描述的辉煌。以永不尝试侵犯她隐私为条件嫁给普瓦图伯爵 Guy de Lusignan 的仙女梅柳齐娜也属于后者。她为伯爵生了许多孩子，并用她的魔法为他建造了一座宏伟的城堡。他们的和睦从未中断，直到那个爱打听的丈夫破坏了他们的婚姻条件，他躲起来看到妻子利用她那迷人的浴缸。梅柳齐娜一发现这个冒失的入侵者，就变为一条龙，大声哀叹着离开了，世人再也看不见她了；即使在布朗通时代，她也被认为是她的后代们的守护者，在吕西尼昂城堡被摧毁的前一天晚上，当她在爆炸中围绕城堡的塔楼飞行时，人们听到她在哭泣。”

In Luxembourg 卢森堡

The Counts of Luxembourg also claimed descent from Melusine through their ancestor Siegfried. When in 963 A.D. Count Siegfried of the Ardennes (Sigefroi in French; Sigfrid in Luxembourgish) bought the feudal rights to the territory on which he founded his capital city of Luxembourg, his name became connected with the local version of Melusine. This Melusina had essentially the same magic gifts as the ancestress of the Lusignans. The morning after their wedding, she magically created the Castle of Luxembourg on the Bock rock (the historical center point of Luxembourg City). On her terms of marriage, she too required one day of absolute privacy each week. Eventually Sigfrid was tempted by curiosity and entered her apartment on Saturday, when he saw her in her bath and discovered her to be a mermaid. He cried out in surprise, and Melusina and her bath sank into the earth. Melusine remained trapped in the rock but returns every seven years either as a woman or a serpent, carrying a golden key in her mouth. Anyone brave enough to take the key will free her and win her as his bride. Also every seven years, Melusine adds a stitch to a linen chemise; if she finishes the chemise before she can be freed, all of Luxembourg will be swallowed by the rock. In 1997, Luxembourg issued a postage stamp commemorating her.

卢森堡伯爵也声称他们的祖先 Siegfried（常译为齐格弗里德，齐格飞）是梅柳齐娜的后裔。公元963年，阿登的 Siegfried 伯爵（法语 Sigefroi，卢森堡语 Sigfrid）购买了那个地区的封建权利建立卢森堡的首都，他的名字与当地版本的梅柳齐娜联系在了一起。梅柳齐娜作为吕西尼昂人的祖先有本质上相同的魔法天赋。婚礼后的第二天早上，她神奇地在博克岩（卢森堡城的历史中心点）上建造了卢森堡城堡。根据她的结婚条件，她也要求每周有一天绝对的隐私。最终，Sigfrid 被好奇心所驱使，于周六进入了她的房间，当他在她的浴缸里看到她时，发现她是一条美人鱼。他惊叫起来，梅卢西娜和她的浴缸沉入了地里。梅柳齐娜仍然被困在岩石中，但她每七年就会以女人或蛇的身份回来，嘴里叼着一把金钥匙。任何敢于拿钥匙的人都可以释放她，让她成为自己的新娘。同样每七年，梅柳齐娜会在亚麻衬衣上加一针；如果她在被释放之前完成了这件衬衣，卢森堡的所有地区都将被岩石吞没。1997年，卢森堡发行了一张邮票用于纪念她。

In Germany 德国

In his Table Talks, Martin Luther mentioned Melusina of Lucelberg (Luxembourg), whom he described as a succubus or the devil. Luther believed in stories like Melusine and attributed them to the devil appearing in female form to seduce men.

Martin Luther 在他的餐桌会谈中提到了卢森堡的梅柳齐娜，他将她描述为魅魔或恶魔。Luther 相信像梅柳齐娜这样的故事，并将其归因于恶魔以女性的形式出现来诱惑男人。

The story of Melusine strongly influenced Paracelsus's writings on elementals and especially his description of water spirits. This, in turn, inspired Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué's novella Undine (1811), which led to adaptations and references in works such as Jean Giraudoux's play Ondine (1939), Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale The Little Mermaid (1837), and Antonín Dvořák's opera Rusalka (1901).

梅柳齐娜的故事强烈影响了帕拉塞尔苏斯（著名炼金术师）关于元素的著作，尤其是他对水精灵的描述。这反过来又激发了 Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué 的中篇小说《Undine》（1811年）的灵感，该小说改编并引用了例如 Jean Giraudoux 的剧本《Ondine》，Hans Christian Andersen 的童话《The Little Mermaid》（1837年），以及 Antonín Dvořák 的歌剧《Rusalka》(1901年)。

In a legend set in the forest of Stollenwald, a young man meets a beautiful woman named Melusina who has the lower body of a snake. If he will kiss her three times on three consecutive days, she will be freed. However, on each day she becomes more and more monstrous, until the young man flees in terror without giving her the final kisses. He later marries another girl, but the food at their wedding feast is mysteriously poisoned with serpent venom and everyone who eats it dies.

在 Stollenwald 森林中的一个传说中，一个年轻人遇到了一位名叫梅柳齐娜的美丽女子，她有一条蛇的下半身。如果他连续三天亲她三次，她就会被释放。然而，她每天变得越来越可怕，直到那个年轻人没有给她最后一个吻就恐惧地逃走。他后来娶了另一个女孩，但他们婚宴上的食物被蛇的毒液神秘地下毒了，吃了它的人都死了。

Other Germanic water sprites include Lorelei and the nixie.

其他的德国水精还包含 Lorelei 和 nixie。

In Britain 不列颠

Melusine is one of the pre-Christian water-faeries who were sometimes responsible for changelings. The "Lady of the Lake", who spirited away the infant Lancelot and raised the child, was such a water nymph.

梅柳齐娜是基督教之前的水仙子之一，有时偷换儿童有她的责任。“湖中之女”就是这样一位水精，她偷偷带走了婴儿兰斯洛特并抚养了孩子。

A folktale tradition of a demon wife similar to Melusine appears in early English literature. According to the chronicler Gerald of Wales, Richard I of England was fond of telling a tale that he was a descendant of an unnamed countess of Anjou. In the legend, an early Count of Anjou encountered a beautiful woman from a foreign land. They were married and had four sons. However, the count became troubled because his wife only attended church infrequently, and always left in the middle of Mass. One day he had four of his men forcibly restrain his wife as she rose to leave the church. She evaded the men and, in full view of the congregation, flew out of the church through its highest window. She carried her two youngest sons away with her. One of the remaining sons was the ancestor of the later Counts of Anjou, their troublesome nature being the result of their demonic background.

在早期的英国文学中出现了一个类似梅柳齐娜的恶魔妻子的民间传说。根据威尔士的编年史作家 Gerald 的说法，英国的理查德一世喜欢讲一个故事，他是一个安茹（法国地名）的无名伯爵夫人的后裔。传说中，安茹的早期一个伯爵遇到了一位来自外地的美丽女子。他们结婚了，有四个儿子。然而，由于他的妻子很少参加教堂，而且总是在弥撒（宗教仪式）中途离开，所以让伯爵感到麻烦。有一天，他有四个手下在他的妻子试图离开教堂时强行限制她。在教堂人们的目视下，她躲开了这些人，从教堂的最高窗户飞出去。她带着两个最小的儿子离开了。剩下的儿子其中一个是后来安茹伯爵的祖先，他们的麻烦的本质是他们恶魔背景的结果。

A similar story became attached to Eleanor of Aquitaine, as seen in the 14th-century romance Richard Coer de Lyon. In this fantastical account, Henry II's wife is not named Eleanor but Cassodorien, and she always leaves Mass before the elevation of the Host. They have three children: Richard, John, and a daughter named Topyas. When Henry forces Cassodorien to stay in Mass, she flies through the roof of the church carrying her daughter, never to be seen again.

类似的故事也发生在阿基坦的 Eleanor 身上，如14世纪浪漫小说《Richard Coer de Lyon》中所见。在这个奇妙的故事中，亨利二世的妻子不是 Eleanor ，而是 Cassodorien，她总是在 elevation of the Host（直译为提升圣体，基督教的一种礼仪，指圣体和装有基督血的圣杯祝圣后举起，译者不太了解宗教，如有熟悉的欢迎修正补充）之前离开弥撒。他们有三个孩子： Richard, John, 和一个女儿名叫 Topyas。当 Henry 强迫 Cassodorien 待在弥撒中时，她带着女儿飞出教堂的屋顶，再也没能再见。

Related legends 相关传说

The Travels of Sir John Mandeville recounts a legend about Hippocrates' daughter. She was transformed into a hundred-foot long dragon by the goddess Diane, and is the "lady of the manor" of an old castle. She emerges three times a year, and will be turned back into a woman if a knight kisses her, making the knight into her consort and ruler of the islands. Various knights try, but flee when they see the hideous dragon; they die soon thereafter. This appears to be an early version of the legend of Melusine.

John Mandeville 爵士的旅行讲述了 Hippocrates 的女儿的传说。她被女神 Diane 变成了一条百英尺长的龙，是一座古老城堡的“庄园夫人”。她每年出现三次，如果一个骑士吻她就会变回一位女性，把骑士变成她的配偶和岛屿的统治者。各种骑士尝试了，但当他们看到可怕的龙时就逃跑了；他们之后很快就死了。这似乎是梅柳齐娜传说的早期版本。

The motif of the cursed serpent-maiden freed by a kiss also appears in the story of Le Bel Inconnu.

被诅咒的毒蛇少女被亲吻释放的主题也出现在 Le Bel Inconnu 的故事中。