From cutting curfews to grid penalties – 10 rule changes you need to know about for the 2023 F1 season

从改变规则到赛事处罚——2023年F1赛季你需要了解的10项规则变化

While F1’s rules are remaining largely the same in 2023 following last year’s major reset, there are still technical and sporting changes of note for the campaign ahead, as we explain in our pre-season rundown…

尽管在去年规则的重大改变之后，F1的规则在2023年基本保持不变，但正如我们在季前总结中所解释的那样，未来的比赛仍有技术和规则方面的变化…

1. Ride height and diffusers adjusted

With some teams encountering porpoising upon the arrival of F1’s new-spec cars last year, which feature ground-effect aerodynamics, a set of floor-based flexibility and monitoring measures arrived for the second half of the 2022 season, and more have been outlined for 2023.

In short, four additional changes will come into play this year: floor edges have been raised by 15mm; the diffuser throat height has been raised; the diffuser edge stiffness has been increased; and an additional sensor has been mandated to more effectively monitor the porpoising phenomenon.

These adjustments should, in theory, make significant porpoising a thing of the past and, as such, keep the focus on the thrilling action that F1’s rules reset has delivered.

1.调整底盘高度和扩散器

随着去年F1新规格赛车（具有地面效应空气动力学特性）的到来，一些车队遭遇了海豚跳现象，2022赛季下半年推出了一套基于底盘的灵活性和监测措施，2023年还将推出更多措施。

简言之，今年将有四项额外的变化：底盘边缘提高了15毫米；扩散器高度提高；扩散器边缘强度增加；并且已将额外的传感器来更有效地监测海豚跳现象。

理论上，这些调整将使严重的海豚跳现象成为过去，因此，将焦点放在F1规则变化带来的激动人心的行动上。

2. Stronger roll hoops after Zhou’s crash

Alongside the changes aimed at porpoising, there are tweaks to the safety standards for F1 car roll hoops after the frightening crash experienced by Zhou Guanyu at the start of the 2022 British Grand Prix, which involved his Alfa Romeo sliding along the track upside down.

The 2023 Technical Regulations now state that a rounded top is required on the roll hoop, which will reduce the chance of it digging into the ground during an accident, while they also ensure a minimum height for the point of application of the homologation test.

Additionally, there will be a new physical homologation test where the load pushes the roll hoop in a forward direction.

3. A reduction in the minimum car weight

F1 car weight was a major talking point ahead of the 2022 season, with teams up and down the grid battling to get as close as possible to the 798kg limit (without fuel) amid one of the biggest regulatory changes in the sport’s history.

As F1’s new era develops, a reduction of 2kg – to 796kg – is being implemented for 2023, meaning the designers will be trying to shave off even more weight from their latest challengers.

2.在周冠宇的撞车后，更坚硬的防滚架

除了在海豚跳规则的改变外，在2022年英国大奖赛开始时，周冠宇遭遇了可怕的撞车事故，导致他的阿尔法罗密欧赛车上下颠倒地在赛道上滑行后，F1赛车防滚架的安全标准也发生了调整。

2023年技术规则现在规定，防滚架上需要有一个圆形在顶部，这将减少在事故发生时，其损坏在地面的情形，同时也确保了认证测试应用点的最小高度。

此外，还将进行一项新的物理测试，在该测试中，载荷向前推动防滚架。

3.减少赛车重量

F1赛车重量是2022赛季前的一个主要话题，在这项运动历史上最大的规则变化之一中，车队上下都在努力尽可能接近798公斤的极限（无燃料）。

随着F1新时代的发展，2023年将减少2公斤至796公斤，这意味着设计师们将努力减轻最新赛车的重量。

4. Revised mirrors to improve driver visibility

In an attempt to increase driver visibility, there will be a change to rear-view mirrors on F1’s 2023-spec cars, with the width of the reflective surface increasing by 50mm from 150mm to 200mm.

Following tests by Red Bull and Mercedes in Hungary and Belgium respectively last season, the entire grid got involved at the Dutch Grand Prix, and the changes have now been written into the regulations.

5. Double the number of Sprint events

An exciting development for 2023 sees the number of Sprint events doubled from three to six. Azerbaijan (Baku), Austria (Red Bull Ring), Belgium (Spa-Francorchamps), Qatar (Lusail), the United States (Circuit of The Americas) and Sao Paulo (Interlagos) are the venues chosen, following on from extensive research into their suitability.

Meanwhile, Sprint accident damage allowance will now be a fixed amount per team, for each race weekend that includes a Sprint session. The forfeit allowance amount for each Sprint will double to $300k from 2023 onwards, while all other Sprint damage allowances will be removed.

Alongside this, parc ferme rules on Sprint weekends are under review for 2023, with the aim of simplifying the set-up-locking process, after the FIA cited a “significant increase in parc ferme requests" between Friday’s qualifying session and Saturday’s Sprint.

4.改进后视镜以提高赛车手视线度

为了提高赛车手的视线度，F1 2023款赛车的后视镜将有所改变，反光面宽度从150毫米增加到200毫米，增加了50毫米。

继上赛季红牛车队和梅赛德斯车队分别在匈牙利和比利时进行测试后，整个车队都参加了荷兰大奖赛，这些变化现在已经写入了新规。

5.将冲刺赛的数量增加一倍

2023年的一个令人兴奋的发展是，冲刺赛的数量从三场增加到六场。阿塞拜疆（巴库）、奥地利（红牛环）、比利时（Spa赛道）、卡塔尔（卢塞尔）、美国（美洲赛道）和圣保罗（因特拉格斯）是根据其适用性的广泛研究而选择的场地。

同时，冲刺赛事故损失津贴是每个车队的固定金额，每个比赛周末包括冲刺赛。从2023年起，每个冲刺赛的损失津贴金额将增加一倍，达到30万美元，而所有其他冲刺赛损失津贴将被取消。

除此之外，2023年有冲刺赛周末的parc-ferme规则正在审查中，目的是简化设置复杂过程，此前国际汽联称周五的排位赛和周六的冲刺赛之间“parc-ferme请求增加”。

6. Paddock working hours cut

The number of hours worked by F1 team members across race weekends will be reduced in upcoming seasons, with the third of three restricted periods (effective on Fridays) beginning an hour earlier this year, and another hour set to be knocked off in 2024.

To complement the move, the number of curfews permitted for the first (Wednesday) and second (Thursday) restricted periods will also be cut in half, from eight to four and six to three respectively, again with another cut planned for next year.

7. Qualifying format and DRS trials

A ‘Revised Qualifying Format’ (RQF) will take place at up to two events in 2023 “for the purpose of evaluating whether the revisions are suitable for subsequent championships” – as per the updated regulations.

This will see tyre compounds mandated for each stage of F1’s usual three-part qualifying session: hard tyres only in Q1; mediums tyres only in Q2; and, finally, soft tyres only in Q3. Intermediates and wets will be allowed if the RQF sessions are declared wet.

At RQF events, each driver may use no more than 11 sets of dry-weather tyres, four sets of intermediate tyres and three sets of wet-weather tyres. This compares to the normal weekend allowance of 13 sets of dry-weather tyres, four sets of intermediate tyres and three sets of wet-weather tyres.

6.减少围场工作时间

在即将到来的赛季中，F1车队成员在比赛周末的工作时间将减少，三个休息时段中的第三个（周五生效）将从今年早些时候的一个小时开始，另一个小时将在2024年取消。

为了补充这一举措，第一个（星期三）和第二个（星期四）限制期的宵禁次数也将减半，分别从八次减少到四次和六次减少到三次，计划明年再次减少。

7.排位赛安排和DRS测验

根据最新的规定，2023年将在最多两个比赛中进行“修订的排位赛模式”（RQF），“目的是评估修订是否适用于随后的正赛”。

这将导致F1常规三部分排位赛的每个阶段都必须使用不同的轮胎：第一阶段仅使用硬胎；仅在第二阶段使用中型胎；最后，仅在第三阶段使用软胎。如果RQF宣布赛道为潮湿，则允许使用半雨胎和全雨胎。

在RQF项目中，每位车手可使用不超过11套干燥天气轮胎、4套中性轮胎和3套潮湿天气轮胎。相比之下，正常周末为13套干胎、4套中间胎和3套湿胎。

As for DRS, its activation after the start, race restart or Safety Car restart will also be evaluated, with the F1 Commission exploring the possibility of bringing this forward by one lap at the start of a race or Sprint or Safety Car restart.

“This will be trialled during each Sprint session in 2023 with a view to introducing it for all races in 2024,” the FIA have stated.

至于DRS，它在比赛开始、比赛重启或安全车重启后的激活也将进行评估，F1委员会将探讨在比赛开始或冲刺或安全车重新启动时将其提前一圈的可能性。

国际汽联表示：“这将在2023年的每一场冲刺赛赛中进行试验，以期望在2024年的所有比赛中引入。”。

8. Tweaks around gearbox changes

While changes to teams’ homologated gearboxes were only previously permitted “to resolve reliability problems” or “for cost saving, at the start of each season”, modifications are now permitted “in the case of materials, processes or proprietary parts becoming unavailable”.

Nonetheless, clear documentation justifying the change must be provided in all cases, prior approval must be obtained from the FIA, and the modification must not give any performance advantage. A summary of the modification will then be circulated to all teams by the FIA.

8.变速箱变化

虽然之前只允许更改团队的变速箱“以解决可靠性问题”或“为了节省成本，在每个赛季开始时”，但现在允许“在材料、工艺或专有零件不可用的情况下”进行修改。

尽管如此，在任何情况下都必须提供明确的文件证明更改的合理性，必须事先获得FIA的批准，并且修改不得带来任何性能优势。国际汽联将向所有车队分发修改摘要。

9. A move to clear up penalty confusion

Grid penalties came under the spotlight at last year’s Italian Grand Prix, where a host of drivers took power unit and gearbox related drops and turned the order on its head. Following some confusion over how these were applied, the wording of the regulations has been updated.

The relevant section now reads: “Classified drivers who have accrued more than 15 cumulative grid position penalties, or who have been penalised to start at the back of the grid, will start behind any other classified driver. Their relative position will be determined in accordance with their qualifying classification.”

10. More flexibility to cool fuel

A small change on paper could have an impact on reliability in 2023, particularly at hotter races, with some extra freedom being given to teams regarding the cooling of fuel.

For 2023, fuel in a car must not be colder than the lowest of either 10 degrees centigrade below ambient temperature, or 10 degrees centigrade (this being cut from 20 degrees), at any time when the car is running after leaving the competitor’s designated garage area.

9.消除处罚混乱的措施

在去年的意大利大奖赛上，动力单元处罚成为了焦点，在那里，许多车手接受了与动力装置和变速箱相关的处罚，并改变了发车顺序。在对这些规定的适用方式产生了一些困惑之后，条例的措施已经更新。

相关章节现在写道：“累计出发超过15次的车手，或被处罚在后面的车手将落后于其他车手。他们的相对位置将根据他们的排位顺序确定。”

10.更灵活地冷却燃油

规则上的一个小改动可能会对2023年的可靠性产生影响，特别是在更热的比赛中，车队在燃料冷却方面有一些额外的自由。

对于2023年，当汽车在离开竞争对手指定的车库区域后行驶时，汽车内的燃油温度不得低于环境温度10摄氏度或10摄氏度（从20摄氏度降低）的最低温度。

What else could follow in 2024?

Beyond these 10 changes made ahead of the 2023 season, there are also plenty of initiatives in the works – or at least being considered – for 2024 onwards…

A “significant overhaul” of roll hoop safety tests is planned from next year, again following on from Zhou’s heavy crash, with the goal of future F1 cars being able to resist more significant loads.

Discussions around grid penalties will also continue, while the F1 Commission has delayed final talks – until July 2023 – on the potential removal of tyre blankets for 2024.

Regulatory changes are subject to approval by the World Motor Sport Council.

2024年还会发生什么？

除了2023赛季前做出的这10项改变之外，2024年以后还有很多计划正在实施中——或者至少正在考虑中…

继周冠宇的严重撞车事故之后，计划从明年开始对防滚架安全测试进行“重大修改”，目的是未来F1赛车能够承受更大的载荷。

关于发车顺序处罚的讨论也将继续，而F1委员会将最终谈判推迟到2023年7月，讨论2024年是否可能拆除轮毂罩。

规则变更须经世界汽车运动理事会批准。