20年医学考博统考英语真题及答案,写作摘要部分

试卷二(Paper Two)
Part V Writing(20%)
Directions:In this part there is an essay in Chinese. Read it carefully and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that your summary covers the major points of the passage.
答题要求: 1. 紧扣主题,归纳总结; 2. 需涵盖所有重点内容; 3. 避免选择原句进行简单翻译 4. 无需推演或推论。
抗生素滥用
美国一女子因为尿路感染去医院就医,随后医生在其体内检查出了“超级细菌(super-Bacterium)”,这个细菌几乎对所有治疗尿路感染的药物都耐受,产生这种细菌的原因就是抗生素的滥用(antibiotic abuse)。那么滥用抗生素的危害有哪些呢?
过杀灭有害细菌而达到治疗作用,但是细菌也很聪明,它们会不断和抗生素斗争,在斗争中增强自己的适应性,提升自己的存活能力。随着抗生素的使用增多,我们体内的细菌就越强,抗生素的作用就越小。如果平时有个头疼脑热就用抗生素,那么当真遇到需要抗生素治疗的细菌时,抗生素的帮助可能就很有限了。
众所周知,我们的肠胃里其实有很多菌群(flora)。要知道,这些菌群也是我们身体免疫系统的一部分,可以使我们免受病菌侵害。长期服用抗生素会使胃肠菌群失衡,从而导致免疫力随之下降。这是因为我们服用的抗生素会杀死细菌,但是它却不会辨别这些细菌是有益的还是有害的,会好坏通吃,永久改变免疫功能和神经系统。滥用抗生素会导致儿童遭受真菌感染,诱发湿疹(eczema)、过敏、哮喘等疾病,尤其是三岁以下小孩处于生长发育期,一些器官组织尚未发展成熟,更容易受到抗生素的永久伤害。
中国有句老话,是药三分毒。大量使用抗生素会对肝脏和肾脏造成很严重的负担。甚至一些抗生素对牙齿、骨骼也有伤害。尤其是对一些身体发育还没有完全对儿童来说。抗生素的使用更是要慎重,不要平时有个头疼脑热就使用抗生素类药物,对身体没什么好处。对于中国老百姓来说,对待伤风感冒这些小病要做的是尽量减少用药,通过提升免疫力来消除病症,而不是考虑用什么药好得快。

试卷二(Paper Two)
Part V Writing(20%)
【审题分析】 给定的中文文章主要介绍了“抗生素滥用”的危害。文章先由一个事例引入“抗生素滥 用”的话题,然后分别从三个方面介绍了其危害性。
【参考范文】
Super bacteria, a kind of bacteria immune to almost all drugs, has appeared due to the abuse of antibiotics. While antibiotics have played an important role in protecting human health and life since they are invented, it can not be ignored that antibiotic abuse also contains serious hazards. Firstly, bacterial resistance could be established. When antibiotics work by killing off harmful bacteria, bacteria themselves also try to increase their adaptability and improve their survival possibility, so the more antibiotics we use, the stronger the bacteria in our bodies, and the less effective they will be on us. Secondly, the immune system could be destroyed. Some of the bacteria in our intestines and stomachs are part of our body's immune system, but antibiotics cannot differentiate those good bacteria from the bad ones. As a result, along with the unbalanced gastrointestinal flora caused by long-term use of antibiotics comes the decline of our immunity. Thirdly, liver and kidney could be damaged. Heavy use of antibiotics can place a heavy burden on our liver and kidneys and even damage our teeth and bones. Especially for the children in physical development, the harm caused by the abuse of antibiotics is even irreversible.
【结构点评】 摘要基本遵循所给中文文章的逻辑结构,先指出“超级细菌”和抗生素滥用问题的出现, 之后便从三个方面阐述了抗生素滥用导致的严重后果。
【高分闪光词句】
对……免疫 immune to..
发挥重要作用 play an important role in...
区分A和B differentiate A from B
随着 along with
给……造成严重负担 place a heavy burden on
随着我们使用抗生素的增多,我们体内的细菌就越强,抗生素对我们的作用就越小。
The more antibiotics we use, the stronger the bacteria in our bodies, and the less effective they will be on us

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