欢迎光临散文网 会员登陆 & 注册

【标题速读】【Science】【2022年】【9月】

2023-05-14 23:17 作者:Rt_Cola  | 我要投稿

声明:本专栏主要对生命科学领域的一些期刊文章标题进行翻译,所有内容均由本人手工整理翻译。由于本人专业为生物分析相关,其他领域如果出现翻译错误请谅解。

Two samples of rock (top and bottom holes) were collected by the Perseverance rover from this outcrop of the Séítah geologic formation in Jezero crater, Mars. Also visible are a discarded sample attempt (middle hole), a rock abrasion patch (lower left depression), and the rover’s tracks and shadow. Analysis of the Séítah formation shows that it consists of igneous rocks modified by liquid water. See pages eabo2196 and 1513.

毅力号火星车从火星Jezero 陨石坑的Séítah 地质构造露头收集了两个岩石样本(顶部和底部孔)。 同样可见的是废弃的样本尝试(中间孔)、岩石磨损斑块(左下凹陷)以及漫游者的轨迹和阴影。 对 Séítah 地层的分析表明,它由液态水改性的火成岩组成。 请参见第eabo2196 和 1513 页。
Termites (Microcerotermes sp.) explore and consume wood, digesting it in their mound in Far North Queensland, Australia. A globally replicated experiment revealed that wood-feeding termites are far more sensitive to temperature and precipitation compared with wood-dwelling microbes. As temperatures warm, termites are likely to increase recycling rates of deadwood globally, especially in hot, dry places. See page 1440.

白蚁 (Microcerotermes sp.) 在澳大利亚远北昆士兰的土丘中探索和消耗木材,并消化木材。 一项全球重复的实验表明,与木栖微生物相比,以木材为食的白蚁对温度和降水更为敏感。随着气温变暖,白蚁可能会提高全球枯木的回收率,尤其是在炎热干燥的地方。 请参见第 1440 页。
The irrigation of rice fields by smallholder farmers in Bangladesh, like the one in Sylhet pictured here, has transformed this densely populated, once famine-prone land to a food-secure nation over the past three decades. This type of agriculture depends on groundwater withdrawals made possible by subsurface recharge by the highly seasonal rainfall. This cycle sustains irrigated food production under a changing climate. See pages 1258 and 1315.

孟加拉国小农对稻田的灌溉,如图中锡尔赫特的灌溉,在过去三十年将这片人口稠密、曾经饥荒频发的土地变成了一个粮食安全的国家。 这种类型的农业依赖于地下水的抽取,而地下水的抽取是由于季节性强的降雨对地下水进行补给而成为可能。 这个循环在不断变化的气候下维持灌溉粮食生产。 请参见第 1258 和 1315 页。
A donkey from Petra, Jordan, carries goods through the rugged landscape, as millions of others have done for millennia. Genetic analysis tracks their journey from a single domestic origin in Africa as early as 7000 years ago to rapid expansions through Eurasia 2500 years later. Ancient genomes also reveal trans-Mediterranean exchange, giant Roman beasts, and previously unknown diversity in the Levant. See page 1172.

几千年来,一头来自约旦佩特拉的驴子载着货物穿过崎岖的地形,数以百万计的驴子一直在这样做。 遗传分析追踪了它们从 7000 年前在非洲的单一国内起源到 2500 年后在欧亚大陆迅速扩张的旅程。 古代基因组还揭示了跨地中海交流、巨大的罗马野兽和黎凡特以前未知的多样性。 请参见第 1172 页。
The axolotl, represented here by the Mexican axolotl Ambystoma mexicanum, has the ability to regenerate its brain. In this issue, a group of four papers profiles amphibian and reptile brain neurons with single-cell transcriptomics. Analyses lend insight into why the axolotl brain retains regenerative capability that the mammalian brain has lost as well as how structural brain innovations arose during evolution. See pages 1043, eabp8202, eabp9262, eabp9444, and eabp9186.

以墨西哥蝾螈Ambystoma mexicanum 为代表的蝾螈具有大脑再生能力。 在本期中,一组四篇论文用单细胞转录组学描述了两栖动物和爬行动物的大脑神经元。 分析有助于深入了解为什么蝾螈的大脑保留了哺乳动物大脑已经失去的再生能力,以及大脑结构创新是如何在进化过程中产生的。 请参阅第 1043 页、eabp8202、eabp9262、eabp9444和 eabp9186。


1.Structure-based discovery of nonopioid analgesics acting through the α2A-adrenergic receptor.

基于结构发现通过α2A-肾上腺素受体作用的非阿片类镇痛剂。

2.Aqueously altered igneous rocks sampled on the floor of Jezero crater, Mars.

火星Jezero火山口地面上取样的水变火成岩。

3.Sex- and age-dependent genetics of longevity in a heterogeneous mouse population.

异质小鼠种群寿命的性别和年龄依赖性的遗传学。

4.Molecular and cellular evolution of the primate dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.

灵长类动物背外侧前额叶皮层的分子和细胞进化。

5.Cyclic ADP ribose isomers: Production, chemical structures, and immune signaling.

环状ADP核糖异构体: 生产、化学结构和免疫信号。

6.An olivine cumulate outcrop on the floor of Jezero crater, Mars.

火星Jezero火山口地面上的橄榄石积层出露。

7.Oncometabolite d-2HG alters T cell metabolism to impair CD8+ T cell function.

肿瘤代谢物d-2HG改变T细胞代谢,损害CD8+T细胞功能。

8.Understanding pathogen survival and transmission by arthropod vectors to prevent human disease.

了解病原体的生存和节肢动物载体的传播,以预防人类疾病。

9.Earth’s composition was modified by collisional erosion.

地球的组成被碰撞侵蚀所改变。

10.Actin maturation requires the ACTMAP/C19orf54 protease.

肌动蛋白的成熟需要ACTMAP/C19orf54蛋白酶。

11.Promotion of superconductivity in magic-angle graphene multilayers.

促进魔角石墨烯多层板的超导性。

12.Climate change drives rapid decadal acidification in the Arctic Ocean from 1994 to 2020.

气候变化促使北冰洋在1994年至2020年期间迅速出现十年期酸化。

13.A detection of the sea level fingerprint of Greenland Ice Sheet melt.

对格陵兰冰盖融化的海平面指纹的检测。

14.Hydrophobic polyamide nanofilms provide rapid transport for crude oil separation.

疏水性聚酰胺纳米薄膜为原油分离提供快速运输。

15.Catalytic deconstruction of waste polyethylene with ethylene to form propylene.

废旧聚乙烯与乙烯的催化解构形成丙烯。

16.Inefficient and unlit natural gas flares both emit large quantities of methane.

低效和不亮的天然气火炬都会排放大量的甲烷。

17.Provably efficient machine learning for quantum many-body problems.

量子多体问题的可证明的高效机器学习。

18.Pitx2 patterns an accelerator-brake mechanical feedback through latent TGFβ to rotate the gut.

Pitx2通过潜伏的TGFβ形成加速器-制动器机械反馈模式,使肠道旋转。

19.Treating early postnatal circuit defect delays Huntington’s disease onset and pathology in mice.

治疗产后早期电路缺陷可延缓小鼠亨廷顿氏病的发病和病理过程。

20.Liver-heart cross-talk mediated by coagulation factor XI protects against heart failure.

由凝血因子XI介导的肝心交叉对话可保护心力衰竭。

21.Controlling the nucleation and growth kinetics of lead halide perovskite quantum dots.

控制卤化铅过氧化物量子点的成核和生长动力学。

22.Quality assurance of hematopoietic stem cells by macrophages determines stem cell clonality.

巨噬细胞对造血干细胞的质量保证决定了干细胞的克隆性。

23.NIN-like protein 7 transcription factor is a plant nitrate sensor.

NIN-like protein 7转录因子是一种植物硝酸盐传感器。

24.Deterministic fabrication of 3D/2D perovskite bilayer stacks for durable and efficient solar cells.

用于持久高效太阳能电池的三维/二维过氧化物双层堆栈的确定性制造。

25.Genetic diversity loss in the Anthropocene.

人类世界中的遗传多样性损失。

26.Limited climate change mitigation potential through forestation of the vast dryland regions.

广大旱地地区通过造林缓解气候变化的潜力有限。

27.Termite sensitivity to temperature affects global wood decay rates.

白蚁对温度的敏感性影响了全球木材腐烂率。

28.Water vapor injection into the stratosphere by Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai.

Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai向平流层注入水蒸气。

29.Dendritic axon origin enables information gating by perisomatic inhibition in pyramidal neurons.

树突状轴突的起源使锥体神经元的周身抑制实现了信息门控。

30.Retia mirabilia: Protecting the cetacean brain from locomotion-generated blood pressure pulses.

Retia mirabilia: 保护鲸类的大脑不受运动产生的血压脉冲的影响。

31.DNA replication timing directly regulates the frequency of oncogenic chromosomal translocations.

DNA复制时间直接调节着致癌染色体易位的频率。

32.Craspase is a CRISPR RNA-guided, RNA-activated protease.

Craspase是一种CRISPR RNA引导的、RNA激活的蛋白酶。

33.Loss of a satellite could explain Saturn’s obliquity and young rings.

一个卫星的损失可以解释土星的倾斜和年轻的环。

34.Lysosomal GPCR-like protein LYCHOS signals cholesterol sufficiency to mTORC1.

溶酶体GPCR样蛋白LYCHOS向mTORC1发出胆固醇充足的信号。

35.Structural basis for strychnine activation of human bitter taste receptor TAS2R46.

马钱子激活人类苦味受体TAS2R46的结构基础。

36.A causal test of the strength of weak ties.

对弱关系强度的因果检验。

37.Exceptional preservation of organs in Devonian placoderms from the Gogo lagerstätte.

Gogo lagerstätte的泥盆纪灵长类动物器官的特殊保存。

38.The Bengal Water Machine: Quantified freshwater capture in Bangladesh.

The Bengal Water Machine: 孟加拉量化的淡水捕获量。

39.Direct geometric probe of singularities in band structure.

带状结构中奇异性的直接几何探测。

40.Halogen-atom and group transfer reactivity enabled by hydrogen tunneling.

氢气隧道促成的卤素原子和基团转移反应性。

41.Codiversification of gut microbiota with humans.

肠道微生物群与人类的共同化。

42.Few-cycle vacuum squeezing in nanophotonics.

纳米光子学中的少许周期真空挤压技术。

43.Human TKTL1 implies greater neurogenesis in frontal neocortex of modern humans than Neanderthals.

人类TKTL1意味着现代人的额叶新皮层比尼安德特人有更大的神经发生。

44.Exceeding 1.5°C global warming could trigger multiple climate tipping points.

超过1.5℃的全球变暖可能引发多个气候转折点。

45.Structural basis of nucleosome disassembly and reassembly by RNAPII elongation complex with FACT.

RNAPII延伸复合物与FACT的核糖体拆分和重新组装的结构基础。

46.The genomic history and global expansion of domestic donkeys.

家驴的基因组历史和全球扩张。

47.Lineage plasticity in prostate cancer depends on JAK/STAT inflammatory signaling.

前列腺癌的系谱可塑性取决于JAK/STAT的炎症信号传导。

48.Systematic electronic structure in the cuprate parent state from quantum many-body simulations.

来自量子多体模拟的铜酸盐母体中的系统电子结构。

49.Disentangling the numbers behind agriculture-driven tropical deforestation.

解读农业驱动的热带森林砍伐背后的数字。

50.Isolated ballistic non-abelian interface channel.

孤立的弹道非阿贝尔界面通道。

51.El Niño frequency threshold controls coastal biotic communities.

厄尔尼诺频率阈值控制沿海生物群落。

52.Evolutionary gain and loss of a pathological immune response to parasitism.

对寄生的病态免疫反应的进化增益和损失。

53.Density, not radius, separates rocky and water-rich small planets orbiting M dwarf stars.

围绕M型矮星运行的岩石和富水小行星的密度,而不是半径的区分。

54.Chiral emission from resonant metasurfaces.

共振元面的手性发射。

55.Spin-selective tunneling from nanowires of the candidate topological Kondo insulator SmB6.

来自候选拓扑近藤绝缘体SmB6的纳米线的自旋选择性隧道。

56.Hydroformylation catalyzed by unmodified cobalt carbonyl under mild conditions.

温和条件下未改性羰基钴催化的氢甲酰化作用。

57.Transporting holes stably under iodide invasion in efficient perovskite solar cells.

高效过氧化物太阳能电池在碘化物侵袭下稳定地传输空穴。

58.Molecular diversity and evolution of neuron types in the amniote brain.

羊膜动物大脑中神经元类型的分子多样性和进化。

59.Cell-type profiling in salamanders identifies innovations in vertebrate forebrain evolution.

蝾螈的细胞类型分析确定了脊椎动物前脑进化的创新。

60.Single-cell analyses of axolotl telencephalon organization, neurogenesis, and regeneration.

斧头鱼端脑组织、神经发生和再生的单细胞分析。

61.Single-cell Stereo-seq reveals induced progenitor cells involved in axolotl brain regeneration.

单细胞Stereo-seq揭示了参与斧头鱼大脑再生的诱导祖细胞。

62.GnRH replacement rescues cognition in Down syndrome.

GnRH替代物挽救了唐氏综合症的认知能力。

63.On the origins of fatigue strength in crystalline metallic materials.

论晶体金属材料疲劳强度的起源。

64.The human oxidation field.

人类的氧化领域。

65.Nested epistasis enhancer networks for robust genome regulation.

稳固基因组调控的嵌套式表观增强子网络。

66.Pituitary hormone α-MSH promotes tumor-induced myelopoiesis and immunosuppression.

垂体激素α-MSH促进肿瘤诱导的骨髓增生和免疫抑制。

67.Insulin signaling in the long-lived reproductive caste of ants.

蚂蚁长寿生殖种群中的胰岛素信号。

68.A coalition to heal—the impact of the cardiac microenvironment.

治愈的联盟--心脏微环境的影响。

69.A climate risk analysis of Earth’s forests in the 21st century.

21世纪地球森林的气候风险分析。

70.Late-stage diversification of indole skeletons through nitrogen atom insertion.

吲哚骨架通过氮原子插入的晚期多样化。

71.Magnetoelectric transfer of a domain pattern.

域图案的磁电转移。

72.3D nanoprinting of semiconductor quantum dots by photoexcitation-induced chemical bonding.

通过光激发诱导的化学键对半导体量子点进行三维纳米打印。



【标题速读】【Science】【2022年】【9月】的评论 (共 条)

分享到微博请遵守国家法律