维多利亚3开发日志#47 | 5/19 改信与同化
牧游社 牧有汉化翻译
Dev Diary #47 - Conversion and Assimilation
lachek, Victoria 3 Lead Designer
Happy Thursday! Today our topic returns to Pop mechanics, with a discussion around some of the finer details on how Pops may change their religion and culture over time depending on your nation's legal system. The mechanics themselves are quite straightforward, but as always in Victoria 3, the applications of them can have quite different outcomes in different situations.
大家周四好！本篇日志的话题又回到了人口机制，这次将讨论一些更详细的细节，即人口如何随着时间的推移受国家和法律制度的影响改变他们的宗教和文化。机制本身不复杂，但与游戏中其它系统一样，不同情况下同一机制会产生截然不同的结果。
Let's begin by reviewing the mechanics around Discrimination, since this will be important later in the discussion. We've already talked about most of this in other dev diaries but some details here may be new.
让我们先回顾一下歧视Discrimination的机制，因为这在之后的内容中很重要。我们已经在其他开发日志中讨论了大部分内容，但还有一些最新更新。
Discriminated Pops have barely any Political Strength and cannot vote. This means the only way they can impact your country’s politics is by agitating for change through Political Movements, or by starting a civil war for self-rule through a Cultural Secession. In addition to being hamstrung politically, they also get paid substantially less than their non-discriminated counterparts, have a harder time developing Qualifications for certain Professions, and their presence in your country is a potential source of radicalism and Turmoil.
受歧视的人口几乎没有政治力量，也不能投票。这意味着他们只能通过政治运动鼓动变革或通过文化分离爆发内战来影响国家政治。除了政治上的束缚，他们的报酬也大大低于别的非歧视公民，他们更难获得职业资格，并且这部分人口的存在是激进主义和动荡的潜在来源。
Whether a Pop is discriminated against or accepted depends on who they are, the national identity of the country they live in, and the laws of that country. Both culture and religion are potential reasons for discrimination, and these are controlled by different laws. Your Citizenship laws determine which Pops are discriminated against on the basis of their culture, while your Church and State laws determine which forms of worship are considered acceptable in your country. To be considered non-discriminated by these laws, Pops must pass a more or less stringent selection criteria based on how much they differ from the primary culture(s) and state religion in the country.
人口被歧视或是被接受取决于他们的身份、所居住国的民族认同以及该国的法律。文化和宗教都是歧视的潜在原因，并且受不同法律的影响。你的“公民权”法律决定了哪些人口因其文化而受到歧视，而你的“教会和国家”法律决定了哪些信仰的信徒在国内被认为可接受。要被这些法律视为不受歧视，人口会被或松或严的标准选择，而具体标准取决于他们与该国的主流文化和国教的差异程度。
For example, under the Racial Segregation Citizenship law, only Pops whose culture's heritage trait matches that of their primary cultures heritage trait will be accepted. The heritage trait indicates which region of the world the culture originates from (e.g. European, African, Indigenous American), and under this law that is the only thing that matters - whether the Pops speak the same language, or are both transplants in the New World, is unimportant in determining their status. By contrast, under Cultural Exclusion, any similarity between a Pop's culture and one of the primary ones qualifies them as equal under the law.
例如，根据“种族隔离”的公民权法律，只有与国家主流文化传承特质相匹配的人口才会被接受。传承特质表明文化起源于世界的哪个地区（例如欧洲、非洲或美洲当地），据此法律，传承 是唯一重要的事情——无论他们是否说相同的语言，还是是闯荡新世界的移民，这些都无法决定他们的地位。相比之下，在“文化排斥”法律下，人口的文化与主流文化任一点的任何相似性都使他们在法律上具有平等地位。
The total set of options are:
全部法律选项如下：
Ethnostate: only Pops of primary cultures are accepted
民族国家：仅接受主流文化的人口。
National Supremacy: Pops whose cultures share both heritage and another trait are accepted
民族至上：接受与其主流文化的传承和另一特质都相同的人口。
Racial Segregation: Pops of the same heritage are accepted
种族隔离：接受具有相同传承的人口。
Cultural Exclusion: Pops whose cultures share any similarities are accepted
文化排斥：接受文化具有相似性的人口。
Multiculturalism: no cultures are discriminated against
文化多元主义：没有文化歧视。
State Religion: only Pops who adhere to the state religion are accepted
国教：只接受信奉国教人口。
Freedom of Conscience: Pops who adhere to a religion in the same family as the state religion are accepted (e.g. any branch of Christianity, any form of Buddhist)
良心自由：接受信仰与国教同属一支宗教的人口（例如任一分支基督教、任一形式佛教）。
Total Separation: no religions are discriminated against
宗教分离：没有宗教歧视。
The practical impact of these laws therefore depends on what the state religion and primary cultures of your country are, as well as who actually lives in your country. An Ethnostate operates no differently in practice than a Multicultural state if only Pops of primary cultures live there. Since Pops are unlikely to mass migrate to your country if they’d be oppressed there once they arrived, until you expand your borders and populace by force you may not see a practical difference (except for a curious lack of immigrants). But if you were to form a Customs Union with a poorer neighbor, resulting in a lot of economic migration within the market to your country, you might have to deal with substantial political strife until you take steps to loosen up your Citizenship laws. If the option exists for you, as an alternative you might consider attempting to unify your nations instead (which we'll learn more about next week) in order to accept both cultures as "primary".
因此，这些法律的实际影响取决于国教和主流文化，以及实际居住的人口。如果只存在主流民族人口，一个民族国家实际的运作与一个多元文化国家没有什么不同。因为人口不太可能大规模迁移到歧视他们的国家，除非主动开疆拓土增加人口，否则玩家可能看不到实际差异（除了奇怪的缺乏移民的问题）。但是如果与一个较贫穷的邻国组成关税同盟，并导致市场内部大量经济移民的到来，你可能就不得不处理大量政治冲突，直到放松公民权法律。如果可以选择，替代方案是尝试统一你的国家（更多内容在下周日志中），以便将两种文化都接受为“主要”文化。
Alright, now that we've cleared up how countries can adapt to the Pops, we will consider how Pops might adapt to their country.
好，既然我们已经弄清楚了国家如何适应人口，我们将考虑人口如何适应他们的国家。
First let's tackle Religious Conversion. Pops who are discriminated against on the basis of their religion will always be in the process of converting to an accepted religion. The religion they convert to is not necessarily the state religion, though - it could be any accepted religion that is dominant in the state where they live. An Indigenous American following an Animist religion in a United States with Freedom of Conscience instead of Total Separation is eventually going to convert to some form of Christianity to avoid religious persecution, but if they live in a Nebraska that has been settled by predominantly Catholic rather than Protestant Pops, they would convert to Catholicism even though Protestantism is the dominant religion in the nation as a whole.
首先让我们解决宗教改信Religious Conversion问题。因宗教而受到歧视的人口将始终处于转变为接受的宗教的过程中。不过，他们改信的宗教不一定是国教——也可能是在他们居住的地区占主导地位的任何被接受的宗教。一个在美国信奉泛灵论宗教的土著美国人，在“良心自由”而不是“宗教分离”法律的情况下，最终将改信某种形式的基督教以避免宗教迫害，但如果他们居住在天主教徒盛行而不是新教流行的内布拉斯加州的定居点时，即使新教是整个国家的主要宗教，他们也更可能会改信天主教。
Pops convert at a percentage-based rate, currently set to a base of 0.2% / month (as usual, numbers such as these are subject to balancing and change before release, and are always moddable). A percentage-based conversion rate naturally means a diminishing number of actual converts over time, so at this rate it would take almost 30 years for ½ of your discriminated population to convert. If you find this rate too ponderous for your strategic goals, you have two primary tools at your disposal to speed it up.
人口以基于百分比的速率转换，目前设置为每月 0.2% 的基础数值（像往常一样，这些数字在发布前会进行平衡和更改，并且始终是可通过模组的）。基于百分比的转化率自然意味着，实际转化的人数会随着时间的推移而减少，因此按照这个速度，一半的受歧视人群需要将近30年的时间才能转化。如果这个速度对于你的战略目标来说不够快，你可以使用两种手段来加快速度。
The Religious School System law + institution combination increases this rate by +20% per investment level, up to a potential maximum of +100% (i.e. twice the speed). It also increases the Education Access of Pops overall and increases the Clout of the Devout Interest Group.
“宗教学校系统”法律和机构的组合，会使这一速率增加+20%（每级别机构投资水平），最高可能达到+100%（即速度的两倍）。它还增加了人口整体的受教育机会，并增加了虔信徒利益集团的影响力。
The other method is the Promote National Values decree. Like all decrees, it is issued in a certain state and costs Authority for each state it is issued in, so in a larger country you will have to focus your efforts. Promote National Values doubles the rate of both conversion and assimilation.
另一种方法是“促进国家价值观”法令。像所有法令一样，它是在某个地区发布的，并且每个地区都需要花费权威力，所以在一个更大的国家，你必须集中你的力量。促进国家价值观会使宗教改信和文化同化的速率加倍。
Using a combination of both methods, you could speed up religious conversion such that ½ of a minority population can be converted to an accepted religion within the span of a 10 years. Of course, your school system only extends to incorporated states, so if you're trying to mass convert Pops in conquered land or colonies you will have to do so by decree - or embark on the often lengthy and painstaking process of incorporating a part of the world that's culturally alien to your country.
如果同时使用两种方法，就可以加快宗教改信的速度，以至于10年内，有一半的少数群体人口可以皈依到一个被接受的宗教。当然，你的学校系统只能延伸到已整合地区，所以如果你想让被征服土地或殖民地的民众大规模皈依，你必须通过法令来实现——或者开始一段通常而言漫长而艰苦的过程，将与你的国家文化相异的世界的一部分纳入国中。
This leads us to cultural assimilation. The conditions for assimilation are a little more complex than conversion, and in some ways operate by the reverse logic. In order to start assimilating, a Pop must already be culturally accepted. After all, if they can't get citizenship, can't vote, can't participate in politics, can't get paid a fair wage on the basis of who they are, there simply is no way for them to assimilate - by which we mean, integrate themselves into a primary culture such that they are both accepted as such by others and genuinely consider themselves part of that culture. Renouncing one's religious beliefs and practices can be a very practical and concrete choice, but adopting and being adopted by a different culture is not a utilitarian decision.
这就把话题引向了文化同化Cultural Assimilation。同化的条件比改信要复杂一些，而且这二者在某些方面的运作逻辑是相反的。想要开始同化，被同化的民众必须已经在文化上被接受。毕竟，如果他们不能获得公民身份、不能投票、不能参与政治、不能根据自己的身份获得公平的工资，他们根本没有办法被同化——我们的意思是，将自身融入一种主要文化，既被他人接受，又真正认为自己是这种文化的一部分，这才是同化的意思。放弃自己的宗教信仰和习俗可能会是一个非常实际和具体的选择，但接受不同的文化与被不同的文化所接受，这并不是一个功利的决定。
In addition, Pops will never change culture if they live in a state they consider their Homeland. A Franco-Canadian in Ontario might over time adopt the ways and tongue of their Anglo-Canadian neighbors, but a Franco-Canadian who resides in Quebec?! Plutôt mourir!
此外，如果老百姓生活在一个他们认为是文化本土Homeland的地区，他们就永远都不会改变他们的文化。安大略省的法裔加拿大人可能会随着时间的推移采用他们的英裔加拿大邻居的习俗和语言，但居住在魁北克的法裔加拿大人呢？ 我宁愿去死（也不会改变）!（译注：原文为法语。）
(And of course, if a confederated Canada has been created with both Anglo- and Franco-Canadian as primary cultures, none of those types of Pops would be changing cultures in the first place.)
（当然，如果建立了一个以英裔和法裔加拿大人为主要文化的联邦制加拿大，这两种人口都不会改变文化）。
If a Pop should be assimilating, the culture they will be assimilating into will always be a primary culture. This is because, again, this is not a practical decision that's just up to the Pop in question, but a two-way-street of assimilation into the dominant national identity. In the case of countries with multiple primary cultures, the one selected will be the Homeland of the state the Pop lives in, or in case none or several apply, the dominant one among Pops who already live there. A Czech Pop living in a unified Germany (North + South German) in the state of Silesia (North German and Polish Homelands) will assimilate into the North German culture; if they lived in Bavaria they would be assimilating into the South German culture; and if they lived in Bohemia they would not assimilate at all, since Bohemia is a not only a South German but also a Czech H omeland. If this Pop instead lived in Transylvania (with both Hungarian and Romanian primary cultures and Homelands), they would be assimilating into whichever of those cultures is more dominant in the part of Transylvania where they live.
如果一个Pop要被同化，将他们同化的文化将永远是一种主流文化。这是因为，这不是一个只由Pop单方决定的问题，而是一条同化为主流民族身份的双向道。在有多种主流文化的国家中，所选择的那个主流文化将是Pop居住地区的本土文化，如果居住地区的本土文化不是主流文化，或者数个本土文化都是主流文化，那就会选择当地占主导地位的主流文化。一个生活在统一的德国（北德+南德）西里西亚州（北德和波兰文化本土）的捷克人将被同化为北德文化；如果他们生活在巴伐利亚，他们将被同化为南德文化；如果他们生活在波西米亚，他们根本不会被同化，因为波西米亚不仅是南德也是捷克人的文化本土。如果这个人住在特兰西瓦尼亚（有匈牙利和罗马尼亚两种主流文化，也是这两族人的文化本土），他们就会被同化到他们所居住的特兰西瓦尼亚地区更占优势的文化中。
The rate of assimilation is the same as for religion, 0.2% per month. As mentioned, the Promote National Values decree can be used to double this rate on a per-state basis. In addition, a Public School System will provide an increased assimilation rate of +12.5% per investment level, representing perhaps a less overt approach to indoctrination than their religious counterparts. With maximum effort, this means you can assimilate half of a minority population in about 18 years.
同化速率与宗教改信的速率相同，每月0.2%。如前所述，“促进国家价值观”法令可以用来在地区层面上使这一速率翻倍。此外，公立学校系统将为每级投资水平提供+12.5%的同化率，这也许代表了一种比宗教更隐秘的教化方法。这意味着你最快可以在大约18年内同化一半的少数群体人口。
I'll end on a small design note. While our primary motivation while developing these mechanics was to provide a logical and believable simulation, a nice side effect of the asymmetry between conversion and assimilation is that there's no way to benefit from both without an asymmetry in your laws as well. An inclusive, accepting, discrimination-free society won't also become religiously homogeneous over time, nor will an oppressive, xenophobic country be able to assimilate their cultural minorities just by waiting them out while throwing resources at integrating them. Culture-wise, Pops need to be either accepted or harshly dealt with, now or in the future. Being accepting of all faiths today means there will be problems if you backtrack in the future. There is no one-size-fits-all strategy for dealing with heterogeneous populations.
最后，我想附上一个小小的设计说明。虽然我们开发这些机制的主要动机是提供一个合乎逻辑和可信的模拟，但改信和同化之间的不对称所带来的一个很好的效果是，如果你的法律也不对称，就没有办法从这两者中同时获益。一个包容、接纳、无歧视的社会不会随着时间的推移而变得宗教上的同质化；一个压迫性的、排外的国家也不会仅仅通过投入资源和时间来同化他们的少数群体。从文化上讲，Pop要么被接受，要么被严酷对待，无论是现在还是将来。今天接受所有的信仰，意味着如果将来想反悔就会出现问题。在处理异类方面，没有一个放之四海而皆准的策略。
There are of course a few good examples of countries that already start out with asymmetrical Citizenship and Church and State laws. The Ottoman Empire, home to a lot of cultural and religious minorities, has fairly lenient Citizenship Laws but zero separation of Church and State. As a result they will initially have a lot of both assimilation and conversion, and increasing the rate of those further might be one way for them to try to minimize Turmoil due to discrimination long-term. Meanwhile, the United States has total separation of Church and State (zero religious conversion, but no religious discrimination either) but Racial Segregation laws that cause considerable population segments to be discriminated against, particularly Indigenous- and African-American. Since none of these populations will ever be assimilating unless the Citizenship policy changes, this problem will not just go away on its own. Either the United States changes course legally, or they will have to continue dealing with trouble caused by the oppression of these minorities for the following century.
当然，也有一些很好的例子，这些国家一开始就有不对称的公民权法律和政教分离法律。奥斯曼帝国是许多文化和宗教少数群体的家园，它的公民权法相当宽松，但政教不分。因此，他们最初会有大量的同化和改信，而进一步提高这些速率可能是他们试图将长期歧视造成的动荡降到最低的一种方法。同时，美国有完全的政教分离法律（零宗教改信，但也没有宗教歧视），但种族隔离法导致相当多的人口群体受到歧视，特别是土著和非裔美国人。由于这些人口都不会被同化，除非改变公民身份政策，这个问题不会自行消失。要么美国从法律上改变路线，要么他们将不得不在接下来的一个世纪里继续处理因压迫这些少数民族而造成的麻烦。
That's all for this week! Like I hinted above, next week Martin will get into how Unifications work in Victoria 3, which I for one am very excited about!
本周就到此为止! 就像我在上面说的那样，下周Martin将介绍维多利亚3中的统一Unification机制，我对这一点感到非常兴奋！
翻译：莱恩希德公爵 铿尔舍瑟
校对：三等文官猹中堂
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