TTC【双语字幕版】：西方文明的基础（S02E12：英国的君主立宪制（1649-
The Commonwealth, established in 1649
Levelers wanted religious toleration, law reform and universal manhood suffrage
Col. Thomas Rainsborough ca. 1610-1648
Religious tolerance and free press has produced the emergent religious sects of various kinds: Baptists "Dippers"; Seekers; Diggers (Gerard Winstanley ca. 1609-1660); Ranters; Quakers (George Fox 1624-1691); Muggletonians (Lodowick Muggelton 1609-1698); Fifth Monarchy Men
Oliver Cromwell 1599-1658
Lord Protector of England, 1653-1658
Inviting back the Stewarts, but restrained by the Parliament, religion and the money
King Charles II 1630-1685
King James II 1633-1701
Whigs, Tory
Why people didn't rebel against King James I?
- No one wanted another civil war.
- English people anticipated a short Catholic reign from James II, and the daughters of James were married to Protestants (William of Orange).
Mary Beatrice of Modena 1658-1718
She announced that she was expecting and people were worried that if it were a boy, he would be raised as a Catholic and claim the throne according to the primogeniture.
And it was a boy.
William of Orange was invited to invade England.
James II fled to France.
On the 13th of February 1689, the Parliament asked William and Mary to take the crown as William III and Mary II.
It was therefore the Glorious Revolution.
The English model has persisted since 1689, separating the government from the governor, the kingdom from the king.
And England has been officially Anglican but Parliament would have to grant a toleration to Puritans.
