翻译万能公式（十）：A，这使B！

浪人生です

メモを取る過程で、他の内容を広げる

今日は6-10です

For my notes see infra.

6. A, 这样则B

---- 大学扩招了，这样就使更多的人能有机会接受高等教育了。

-- A; in this way, B.

Universities have expanded; in this way, it allows more people the chance of higher education.

-- A, whereby B. (关系从句)

Universities have expanded, whereby people are allowed the chance of higher education.

-- A, thus B. (分词作状语)

Universities have expanded, thus allowing more people the chance of higher education.

 

何译“大学扩招”？

-- We pushed ahead with the comprehensive reform of education, and we achieved the goal of

increasing student enrollments in vocational colleges by one million. (2021政府工作报告)

-- Far fewer young people work than did ten years ago, because of the economic slump and

the expansion of higher education.

Thus I may say: “The enrollments of higher education have been increased”

(or to say enrollment has been expanded)

何译“高等教育”？何译其他等级的教育？

高等教育：higher education (we don’t need neither “the” nor “a”)

-- I hope that all of you who graduate today, and who experience the power of education in your own lives, will become advocates for the value of higher education in our society.

中学教育：secondary education (we don’t need neither “the” nor “a”)

-- The problem is that creative thinking is something that’s not emphasized or developed enough in secondary education.

初等教育：primary education; elementary education

-- In the year 2000, the world pledged, among other things, to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger and to achieve universal primary education.

-- In the North, their housing was crowded and substandard. In the South, many did not have access to anything beyond basic elementary education.

In fact, those words including “primary” and “secondary” originated in the Latin numbers.

So we can also use “tertiary education”(less frequently used though) instead of “higher education”, which both mean the education at university or college level.

何译“被大学录取”？何译“考上”

录取：matriculate/enroll/admit/accept

-- She was admitted into the University of Pennsylvania.

-- A U.S. attorney involved in the investigation said, for every student admitted through fraud, an honest, genuinely, talented student was rejected.

-- I was hired then and there.

-- The Harvard Diversity Project based in Dr. King’s own hometown of Atlanta is a pipeline program that recruits, trains and matriculates highly motivated black youth into a summer debate residency at Harvard.

-- He matriculated there in the fall of 1851.

-- But unfortunately, matriculating at N.Y.U. this fall is not an option.

-- The center began in the 1990s, helping children displaced from war in Chechnya who were unable to enroll in Russian schools.

考上：get into/go to/gain admission(CN) to/

-- As a scholar he was equally proficient, and had no trouble gaining admission to study physics and astronomy at the University of Chicago.

-- In a litigious society, it helps to go to law school and have the talents to do well on LSATs.

-- He helped the boy gain admission to Stanford University in California.

何译“毕业”？怎么考虑动词的时？

毕业：graduate

-- The KIPP students who graduated from college were not the academic stars but the workhorses, the ones who plugged away at problems and resolved to do better.

(plug away at ... 坚持不懈地做某件困难的事)

-- They must have graduated from high school. They must not have used illegal drugs or have a criminal record.

-- And one more year and I would have graduated.

Thus we can say that the past tense is most frequently adopted, whereas in some special cases we will use the present perfect tense.

近视：myopia、adj.(myopic)

远视：hypermetropia、adj.(hypermetropic)

斜视：strabismus、adj.(strabismal)

---- 农业迅速发展，这样就为轻工业提供了充足的原料。

Agriculture has developed rapidly; in this way, light industry is provided with adequate raw materials.

Agriculture has developed rapidly, whereby light industry is provided with adequate raw materials.

Agriculture has developed rapidly, thus providing light industry with ample raw materials.

原料：raw materials/ingredients

轻工业：light industry (we don’t need neither “the” nor “a”)

重工业：heavy industry

provide smth. for smb.

-- We are here to provide a service for the public.

provide smb. with smth.

-- We are here to provide the public with a service.

公众：the public

公众舆论：(the) public opinion

 

7. A的B与否

---- 你无法预言一部电影的成功与否。

-- B or not of A

You cannot predict the success or not of a movie.

-- whether A will B

You are in no way to prognosticate whether a movie will succeed.

-- B of A (omission)

You are incapable of predicting the success of a movie.

---- 方法的有效与否取决于个人。

Effectiveness or not of a method depends on individuals.

Whether a method will be effective depends on individuals.

Effectiveness of a method depends on individuals.

何译“取决于”？

取决于：be contingent on/come down to/depend on/be up to/hinge on

-- Because a moral law trend is not contingent upon subjective conditions.

-- The generous pledges are contingent on a smooth Brexit in March next year.

-- It all comes down to what kinds of ingredients you pack in your salad.

-- It is corrosive to our politics and life depends on compromise.

-- The fate of the economic recovery seems to hinge on the answers to a number of questions.

-- Animal size estimations also hinge on how much of a threat we think the animal is.

-- I’m not sure. It’s up to you.

-- It is up to you to define this new era before it defines us.

 

8. 越来越多的A

---- 越来越多的年轻人选择在家上班。

-- More and more A do

More and more youngsters choose to work at home.

-- An ever-increasing number of A do

An ever-increasing number of youngsters choose to work at home.

-- A, in increasing numbers, do

Youngsters, in increasing numbers, choose to work at home.

-- A, whose number is burgeoning/mushrooming, do

Youngsters, whose number is burgeoning, choose to work at home.

何译“在家上班”？

-- Others are removing desks and building more conference rooms for employees who work at home but come into the office for meetings.

-- ‘Blended working’ is a new expression that describes a mix of working at home and working in the office.

-- People are already moving out of cities, in part because of COVID but in part because they think that in the future they’re going to work from home.

-- Ninety percent of workers surveyed in the UK said they would like to continue working from home often or all the time.

年轻人：(the) youngsters; young people; the young

老年人：the elderly; the aged

-- For restaurant work - the aged, the imprisoned and the limbless, for example, - ...

-- The greatest inequality caused by COVID-19 is that the cases of mortality among the elderly are ten times that among the young.

中年人：the middle-aged; middle-aged people

语法：对于the + adjective构成的集体名词，数格是什么？

-- In America the young are noticeably liberal on gay marriage but less keen on abortion.

在他十几岁时：in his early teens/in his teenage years

-- Though he’s very popular - his career started when he was in his early teens and I think it must have been difficult growing up with this global fame.

-- Besides family members, Jimmy’s greatest influence in his teenage years was his pastor.

在他二十几岁时：in his twenties

-- In his twenties, the barber’s son had already been tipped as the next great thing in British painting.

在他年轻时：when he was young/in his youth

等他老了：when he is old

---- 越来越多的南非国家开始重视卫生。（卫生习惯hygiene habits）

More and more sub-Saharan African countries start to put emphasis on hygiene.

An ever-increasing number of sub-Saharan African countries start to put emphasis on hygiene.

Sub-Saharan African countries, in increasing numbers, start to put emphasis on hygiene.

Sub-Saharan African countries, whose number is burgeoning, start to put emphasis on hygiene.

何译“重视”？

重视：prioritize/put emphasis on/attach importance to/pay attention to/make a point of

-- Even companies that are not directly related to cryptocurrencies, are making a point of exploring block-chain technology.

-- In the view of con-substantiality tendency of liquor products, the customers will attach importance to brand personality even more, as brand personality will embody customers’ personality ultimately.

-- By using that future continuous tense, you put emphasis on a long time for that action.

-- Because we don’t prioritize our psychological health.

区分“物理学”、“心理学”、“生理学”、“哲学”

物理学：physics/physical science(may refer to “natural science”)

物理学家：physicist/physical scientist

（physician是内科医师；surgeon是外科医师；doctor是持行医资格者）

（*医护人员是medics，但改卷人或不认识，可写health workers/healthcare workers）

心理学：psychology (adj. -ical)

心理学家：psychologist

生理学：physiology (adj. -ical)

生理学家：physiologist

哲学：philosophy (adj. -ical)

哲学家：philosopher

 

9. A越来越受欢迎

---- 网购越来越受欢迎。

-- A is becoming more and more/increasingly popular.

Online shopping is becoming increasingly popular.

-- A is progressively more prevalent.

Online shopping is progressively more prevalent.

-- A has been attaining its popularity.

Online shopping has been attaining its popularity.

---- 中国科幻小说越来越受欢迎，这让我们很高兴。

Chinese scientific fiction is becoming increasingly popular, which makes us very delighted.

Chinese scientific fiction is progressively more prevalent, which makes us very delighted.

Chinese scientific fiction has been attaining its popularity, which makes us very delighted.

fiction(UN); novel(CN)

Concerning (Latin-Origin) litterarius and litteralis:

literacy (n.): 读写能力

literate (adj.): 具读写能力的

illiterate (adj./n.): 文盲的；文盲

literal (adj.): 字面意义的 (adverb: literally Cali’s类戳类)

literary (adj.): 文学的

literature (n.): 文学作品；文学

the literati: 文人学士

illiterati: 教育程度低的人

 

10. A，这使得某人B

---- 她的文章发表了，这使她大吃一惊。

-- ..., which makes her ...

Her article has been published, which makes her amazed.

-- She finds it ... that ...

She finds it amazing that her article has been published.

-- To one’s ..., ...

To her utter amazement, her article has been published.

-- She is ... by the fact that ...

She is amazed by the fact that her article has been published.

---- 我通过了考试，这使我很难过。

I have passed the exam, which makes me very frustrated.

I find it frustrating that I have passed the exam.

To my utter frustration, I have passed the exam.

I am frustrated by the fact that I have passed the exam.

Issue/publish/launch/releaseとは

-- Maine, not to be outdone(不甘落后), has just issued its first casino licence, and also lifted a ban on fireworks at the beginning of the year.

-- CPIA issued the measures for the self-regulation of performers in the performance industry, explicitly requiring members of the industry to boycott performers who violate relevant norms for a certain period.

-- The results were also published recently in Geophysical Research Letters.

-- In 1709, the King promulgated (more formal than “issue”) the Copyright Act which announced that all the books published in the country should turn in a copy to the Cambridge University Library, and the amount of the collections soared.

-- Dr. Hazen has already demonstrated, in a paper published in 2011, that parts of the microbiome can promote atherosclerosis.

-- The provincial aid program was launched last year.

-- Its legions(万马千军) of fans are always eager to see it launch a new offering that makes a splash.

-- This week Disney launched a streaming service which offers “Star Wars” and other hits from its vast catalogue for $6.99 a month, less than the cost of a DVD.

-- In 2018, South Africa released a report on biodiversity which revealed that freshwater fish were the most threatened species group in the country.

-- That information comes from a study released Tuesday by the National Center.