Daily Translation #9
女王伊丽莎白二世去世后的一年，英国发生了改变
王室头衔重新洗牌，两次全球直播，还有一些公众的尴尬时刻，自从伊丽莎白女王在去年9月8日驾崩后，这一年对英国王室来说多事之年。
在位70年，于96岁高龄去世，女王的离去给英国王室和这个国家带来了众多大大小小的改变。最显著的是查尔斯王子在经历了长达70年的等待后终于继承了王位。
在接下来的数周里，成批的英国民众为向女王表示敬意，不惜排队24小时去到威斯敏斯特大厅瞻仰女王遗体。各国政要和王室成员前往伦敦与英国政客们一同参加了王室葬礼。在英国有2900万的民众观看了此次葬礼，全球的观众数也超过了10亿人。
五月，查尔斯在王位加冕仪式上登基。这次加冕典礼由电视转播，并被打上了包容，简约的标签。但考虑到英国的生活成本危机，查尔斯登基的开销高达5000万至1亿英镑（约为4.5亿至9亿人民币）。其母伊丽莎白二世在1953年加冕时的开销大约等同于现在的2050万英镑。随着权力的转移，英国的机构经历了重塑，将他们的产品与货币（将在下一年流通）都替换成了查尔斯的面貌和头衔。在英国国内和英联邦国家，女王的离世也重新唤起了民众对于君主制未来的讨论。
周五之前，查尔斯在白金汉宫发表讲话称赞他已故的母亲：“在纪念女王逝世和我即位一周年之际，我们满怀深情地纪念她漫长的一生，纪念她鞠躬尽瘁的服务，纪念她永远活在我们心中，”查尔斯讲到，“我与我的妻子在这一年里全心全意为大家服务，赢得了大家的厚爱与支持，对此我也深表感激。”
74岁的查尔斯国王私下里将在苏格兰的巴尔莫勒尔庄园，也就是伊丽莎白女王去世的地方，进行追思。威廉王子与凯特王妃将在威尔士得到一个小型仪式上进行追思活动。
在纪念女王逝世一周年之际，以下是女王逝世后王室发生的变化。
国王查尔斯三世
70年来，伊丽莎白女王与英国一直紧密相连。女王的容貌被印在了硬币，纸币和邮票上，女王陛下的头衔也体现在从监狱到邮箱的任何地方。现在，查尔斯国王的形象无处不在，政府的官方用语也都改成了国王陛下。举个例子，在英国工作的高级律师现在被称为国王的法律顾问，而非女王的法律顾问。
可追溯到19世纪的英国国歌现在也已经把歌词从“天佑女王”改成了“天佑国王”。
在查尔斯即位一年后，王室观察员说他已经在新角色中站稳脚跟。“英国王室找到了新的活力。人们普遍认为查尔斯国王在上任第一年中还是做的不错的。”王室传记作家雨果·维克斯对《时代》记者讲到。他补充到，查尔斯国王致力于展现其包容性，并取得了显著效果，这在他突破传统的多信仰加冕典礼上得到了体现。“人们担心他不会适应，但他马上做到了。他为自己的新角色做了十足的准备” 维克斯说道。
查尔斯已经接见了许多重要的访客，包括南非共和国总统西里尔·拉马福萨和美国总统乔·拜登。他还监督了里希·苏纳克的任命，后者在10月份取代了莉兹·特拉斯成为英国首相。
王室的继承顺序和头衔
查尔斯的继位对英国王室的继承顺序造成了连锁反应。他长久以来的威尔士亲王的头衔和顺位继承人都给予了威廉王子，也使得凯特成为威尔士王妃。目前，英国王室共有23名成员按序继承王位，最小的是伊丽莎白女王的曾孙，两岁的卢卡斯·廷德尔。威廉王子下面是他的长子乔治，独女夏洛特和幺子路易斯，哈里王子排在第五位。
同时，卡米拉从女王的头衔中“受益匪浅”，王室专家理查德·菲茨威廉姆斯说，这有助于她的统治合法化。
查尔斯也从他的继位中赚到了不少。根据福布斯的估算，他在女王逝世后从她的私人财产和个人投资中继承了5亿美元。他也继承了大量的土地和财产，福布斯估算大约价值240亿美元。严格来说，这些财产属于英国政府。威廉自己也是个亿万富翁，至少在名义上是这样。威廉王子继承了康沃尔公爵领地，其位于英格兰西南部，面积约为13万英亩，价值约为12亿美元。
哈里和梅根·马克尔的争议
虽然英国王室在过去一年中一直试图塑造一个稳定的形象，但哈里王子则在给他们添乱。查尔斯小儿子的很多备受瞩目的举动揭露了王室内部的争端。
在12月，哈里和他的妻子梅根·马克尔在Netflix上发布了一个6集的纪录片，叙述了他们的爱情故事和与王室生活的脱离，还有梅根在英国面对的种族歧视。更劲爆的是哈里的回忆录《备胎》（Spare）在1月一经出版就立即成为畅销书。他在书中谈到了自己的吸毒史，向一名老熟女献出了童贞，在阿富汗服役时杀死了25名武装分子，还有与他哥哥的肢体冲突。
英联邦的未来
英国尽管很轻松地迎来了一名新的国王， 它的一些前殖民地则利用这次机会重新审视君主制在他们政府中的作用。“据认为，14个英联邦国家中有几个可能会成为共和国，但他们并没有时间去实行计划。”菲茨威廉说到。然而，他补充到，英联邦非但没有缩小，反而在两个非英国殖民地国家加蓬和多哥于2022年6月加入后扩张了。
但在2021年11月，巴巴多斯选举出了本国的总统作为国家元首，转变为了议会制共和国。在威廉与凯特的2022年3月加勒比海之行中，巴哈马，牙买加和伯利兹的领袖都表现出了脱离英国君主制的想法。这对夫妻遭遇了抗议的浪潮和要求奴隶制赔款的呼吁。威廉王子对奴隶贸易表现了“深切的悲伤”，但就英国王室在其中扮演的角色没有进行正式的道歉。
女王的离世促使更多的英联邦国家重新考虑其与君主制的未来关系，包括澳大利亚，安提瓜和巴布达，圣文森特和格林纳丁斯群岛等国家都在重新思考与君主制的关系。
重点词汇：
In mass：大规模地
Lie-in-state：遗体瞻仰期
pay tribute to：称赞
be stitched into the fabric of：与…..紧紧相连（metaphor）
under one’s belt：已经完成或已经经历过的，在某人的经验范围之内
knock-on effect：连锁反应
Original Article:
A Year After Queen Elizabeth's Death, Britain Is a Different Place
Between the reshuffling of royal titles, two globally broadcast events, and a few public embarrassments, Britain’s monarchy has had an eventful year since the death of Queen Elizabeth II last Sept. 8.
When the head of state died at the age of 96, bringing her 70-year reign to close, it triggered a number of changes—both large and small—in the royal family and in the nation. Not least, King Charles automatically ascended the throne after more than seven decades of waiting.
In the weeks that followed, the British public paid their respects in masses, queuing for as long as 24 hours to attend the Queen’s lying-in-state in Westminster Hall. World leaders and global royals flew to London to stand alongside British politicians at the monarch’s funeral viewed by more than 29 million viewers in the U.K. and estimated billions more across the globe.
In May, Charles was crowned in a widely televised coronation ceremony branded as inclusive and pared back. But in the midst of a cost of living crisis in the U.K., Charles' big day came with a hefty price tag of between £50 million-£100 million ($63-$125 million), particularly compared to his mother’s coronation in 1953, which cost the present-day equivalent of £20.5 million. With the transfer of power, U.K. institutions underwent a rebrand, swapping in Charles’ face and title across its institutions, products, and currency (which will be in circulation next year). The Queen’s death also renewed discussions about the future of the monarchy at home and in the Commonwealth nations.
Ahead of Friday, Charles paid tribute to his late mother with a statement issued via Buckingham Palace. “In marking the first anniversary of Her late Majesty’s death and my Accession, we recall with great affection her long life, devoted service and all she meant to so many of us,” the statement read. “I am deeply grateful, too, for the love and support that has been shown to my wife and myself during this year as we do our utmost to be of service to you all.”
The 74-year-old King will spend the day reflecting in private at the Balmoral Estate in Scotland, where his mother died. The Prince and Princess of Wales, Kate and William, are set to lead their own tributes during a small service in Wales.
As the royal family observes the one-year anniversary of the Queen’s death, here’s everything that has changed for them since.
His Majesty King Charles III
For 70 years, the Queen was stitched into the fabric of the U.K. Her face was on coins, banknotes, and stamps, while her title Her Majesty was emblazoned on everything from prisons to postboxes. Now, Charles’ image is ever-present and the official language of government has switched to His Majesty. For example, the senior lawyers working in the U.K. are now referred to as King’s Counsel, as opposed to Queen’s counsel.
The British national anthem, which dates back to the 19th century, has also changed its lyrics from “God Save the Queen” to “God Save the King”.
With a year under his belt, royal watchers say Charles is holding his own in the new role. "The Royal Family has found new energy. The general feeling over here is that the King has done a good job in the first year,” royal biographer Hugo Vickers tells TIME. He adds that the King’s dedication to inclusivity—which was demonstrated at his tradition-breaking multi-faith coronation—is faring particularly well. "People were afraid he would not adapt but he did so at once. He was well prepared for the role,” Vickers adds.
Charles has hosted a number of high profile state visitors, including the President of the Republic of South Africa, President Cyril Ramaphosa, and U.S. President Joe Biden. He also oversaw the appointment of U.K. Prime Minister Rishi Sunak, who took on a new role of his own when replaced Liz Truss in October.
Royal line of succession and titles
Charles' ascension had a knock-on effect for the line of succession in the royal family. The monarch's long-held title of Prince of Wales and heir-apparent passed to William, thereby making Kate the Princess of Wales. The line of succession currently features 23 members of the royal family, ending with Master Lucas Tindall, aged 2, one of the Queen’s great-grandchildren. William is followed by his eldest son Prince George, his only daughter Princess Charlotte, and his youngest son Prince Louis, with Prince Harry fifth in line.
Meanwhile, Camilla has benefited “enormously” from the title of Queen, which helped legitimize her reign, says Royal expert Richard Fitzwilliams.
Charles’ ascension was also lucrative. Forbes estimates that he inherited $500 million upon the death of the queen, across her private estates and her personal investments. He has also inherited a large portfolio of land and property that are technically owned by the U.K. government, estimated by Forbes at $24 billion. William is also a billionaire, at least on paper. The heir-apparent inherited the Duchy of Cornwall, approximately 130,00 acres of land in southwest England worth around $1.2 billion.
Prince Harry and Meghan Markle’s controversies
While the royal family has tried to project an image of stability during the last year, Prince Harry has made the task difficult for them. Charles’ younger son secured a number of high-profile collaborations that revealed disputes in the royal family.
In December, Harry and his wife Meghan Markle released a six-part Netflix docuseries which told the story of their courtship and departure from royal life in the U.K. and the racism Markle faced there. Bigger bombshell came in Harry’s memoir, Spare, which became an instant bestseller when it was published in January. The book covered his history of drug use, the loss of his virginity to an older woman, his killing of 25 people in Afghanistan while serving in the military, and being physically assaulted by his brother.
The future of the Commonwealth
While the U.K. easily transitioned to a new King, some of its former colonies took the change as an opportunity to reconsider the role of the monarchy in their governments. "It is thought several of the 14 Commonwealth realms may become republics, but there is no timetable for this,” says Fitzwilliams. Yet rather than shrinking, the Commonwealth expanded when Gabon and Togo, neither former British colonies, joined in June 2022, he adds.
But in November 2021, Barbados transitioned into a parliamentary republic, with an elected president as the head of state. During William and Kate’s March 2022 Caribbean tour, leaders of the Bahamas, Jamaica, and Belize expressed their desire to break away from the British monarchy. The couple were met with waves of protest and calls for the slavery reparations. William has expressed “profound sorrow” for the slave trade, but fell short of a formal apology for his family’s role in it.
The Queen’s death caused further nations to reconsider its future ties with the monarchy, with Australia, Antigua and Barbuda, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines rethinking the relationship.
原网址：
https://time.com/6311897/queens-death-anniversary/
