外刊逐句精读｜《经济学人》：游戏审查的尺度究竟在哪儿？｜CATTI一级译员外刊精

笔记

complexities of moderating and classifying video games

，复杂性，复杂情况

vt.审核（游戏，论坛） moderator 管理员

Classification borrowed from the film industry is adapting to resemble that of social media

vt. 与……类似的

Censors at the British Board of Film Classification were puzzled in 1986 by a copy of "Dracula".The BBFC normally reviewed films and videos.But after playing the game it deemed its gory scenes,splattered with red pixels, too shocking for children and banned its sale to those under 15. The game's publisher,CRL,delighted by the publicity ,set its sights on getting an "18"certificate for its next game,"Jack the Ripper".

n,审查员，vt 删减，审查

censorship n,审查制度

press censorship ，新闻审查

uncensored 未经审查的

英国电影分级委员会

vt,认为，相信，consider

血腥残暴的， gore n,（暴力导致的）血

blood and gore

v，飞溅，spatter

n,像素

n,宣传，报道

set one's sights/heart on sth ,决心想得到……

As games became more realistic they attracted more regulation.After the home release in 1993 of "Mortal Kombat",which set a new standard in grusome violence,America's congress pushed the games industry into setting up an Entertainment Software Ratings Board to dish out age ratings .In 2003 the Pan European Game Information rating did a similar job.Games settled into a classification regime similar to that of movies.

n，发行，公开

adj,恐怖的

push sb into doing sth 说服，强迫

娱乐软件评级委员会

分发，分配

习惯于，进入（工作，秩序）

n 制度，tax regime ,税收体制，trade regime 贸易体制

Nowadays concerns about content in digital games are less about （what developers have included ）than about （other players）.Most big games are online ,multiplayer affairs, in which players are exposed to strangers who communicate by text or microphone.The main challenge is moderating what millions of users say and do .The content debate has moved from being similar to the movie industry's to one more like arguments over regulating social media.

be exposed to sth 面临不快/危险的情况

The content debate has moved from being similar to the movie industry's（content debate） to （a debate）one more like arguments over regulating social media.

Meta,which has experience of content moderation on Facebook, has found problems on its virtual-reality platforms.When users of "Horizon Worlds",its main VR space ,complained of being virtually groped, it introduced a minimum distance between avatars.

virtual reality (VR) n 虚拟现实

augmented reality（AR) n 增强现实

vt,猥亵，抚摸

n,用户头像，（应该可以理解为用户在游戏里的角色？）

After the Christchurch shootings in 2019, users of Roblox, a platform on which they can create games of their own, began re-enacting the event before the company intervened.Roblox employs "thousands"of human moderators ,as well as artificial intelligece, to check user-submitted games and police chat among its 60m daily users,who have an average age of about 13.

enact vt,拟定法律；演绎，表演

she often enacted the stories told to her by her father

她经常把父亲讲给她的那些故事表演出来

v,介入，干涉

vt，监督，监管

As with social media ,regulators are unsure how far to go in censoring speech. Mark Zuckerberg,Meta's boss, has said social networks are like newspapers, because users can publish to a mass audience,but also like phone companies, since they allow one-to-one communication.

正如……一样

in the same way as

as with his earlier movies, the special effects in his latest film are brilliant.

和他之前的电影类似，他最新的一部电影的特效也非常卓越

监管人员

one-to-one conference,one-to-one course 一对一的会议/课程

one-on-one 美式）

In 2018 Germany ontroduced a new law holding social networks responsible for content on their sites，treating them like publishers.Politicians debated including video games as well ,before deciding in-game chat was more like one-to-one conversation ,which is protected by the consitution,says Niko Harting,a tech lawyer.

hold sth/sb liable/responsible/accountable for sth 让……为……负责

it's impossible to hold any individual responsible.不可能归咎于任何个人。

vt,讨论，仔细思考，斟酌

n 宪法

Gamemakers are doing their best to design out bad behaviour before it occurs. In "World of Warcraft",players join either the "Alliance" or the "Horde".They can talk to their own team,but if they try talking to the other side,their speech is translated into unitellingible orcish or elvish.The result,says Allen Adham of Blizzard Entertainment, which makes the game ,is that "players play really nicely with each other, because they have a common enemy."

unintelligible，难以理解的，

intelligible 易懂的

intelligent 聪明的

unintelligent 愚钝的

VR(virtual reality，虚拟现实)：可以让用户沉浸其中的由计算机生成的三维虚拟环境，并与现实环境相隔绝。

AR(augmented reality，增强现实)：在真实环境中增添或者移除由计算机实时生成的可以交互的虚拟物体或信息。

MR(mixed reality，混合现实)：通过全息图，将现实环境与虚拟环境相互混合，也可以看成是VR与AR的混合。