多邻国世界语Tips and notes Verbs Present 动词现在时篇(中英对照)
verb types
动词种类
Transitive verbs
及物动词
Transitive verbs may take a direct object.
及物动词后面要加直接宾语
For example:
Mi trinkas sukon. = I drink juice.
我在喝果汁
Ŝi legas libron. = She reads a book.
她在看书
Sometimes, although the verb is transitive, the direct object is not expressed
有些时候，尽管动词是及物动词，后面却可以不要直接宾语。
so we may say Mi trinkas or Ŝi legas, without naming the thing that the person is drinking or reading.
所以我们能够说Mi trinkas或者 Ŝi legas。没有把人喝的东西或者看的东西说出来
Intransitive verbs
不及物动词
Intransitive verbs never take a direct object.
不及物动词后面不用跟直接宾语
For example:
Mi sidas. = I am sitting.
我坐
La knabino kuras. = The girl is running.
那个女孩在跑
Differences between Esperanto and English
世界语和英语的不同点
Please note that the rules concerning verbs and objects are stricter in Esperanto than in English.
世界语中关于动词和宾语的规则比英语的要严格
In English, we know a lot of verbs that can be used both with and without a direct object.
在英语中，我们知道大多数动词后面能够跟或者不跟直接宾语
In English we can say "He closes the door" and "The door closes", using the same verb, although the meaning is different.
在英语中我们能够说“he close the door”和“the door closes”，尽管意思不一样，但是用的是同一个动词
In the first example, someone performs the action of closing the door, while in the second, the door becomes closed.
在下第一个例子中，某个人实施了关门这一动作，而在第二个例子中，门是被关闭的
In Esperanto, there are two words for this:
在世界语里面，上面两句翻译成一下句子：
Li fermas la pordon. = He closes the door.
La pordo fermiĝas = The door closes.
In the same way, Esperanto distinguishes between komenci (to start to do something) and komenciĝi (to start happening):
同样的，世界语将komenci （start to do something开始做某事）和komenciĝi（to start happening开始发生）区分开了
La instruisto komencas la lecionon =The teacher starts the lesson.
老师开始上课
La leciono komenciĝas. = The lesson is starting.
课堂开始了
To use grammatical terms, fermi and komenci are transitive (take a direct object), while fermiĝi and komenciĝi are intransitive (cannot take a direct object).
用语法术语来说,Fermi 和komenci是及物的（后面跟直接宾语）而fermiĝi 和komenciĝi是不及物（后面不跟直接宾语）
atendi
Atendi can mean "to wait," "to wait for" or "to expect." For example:
Atendi的意思是“to wait（等待）”“to wait for(等待某人)”和“to expect期待”
Mi atendas. = I wait.
我在等待
Mi atendas buson. = I wait for a bus.
我在等巴士
Mi atendas profiton. = I am expecting a profit.
我在等待收益
Note: Kion vi atendas? can mean either "What are you expecting?" or "What are you waiting for?" depending on the context.
Kion vi atendas? 意思既有"What are you expecting?你在期待什么"也有 "What are you waiting for?你在等待着啥"，具体意思要结合语境。
tiel... kiel
The combination tiel...kiel means as...as:
词组tiel... kiel意思是as...as像……一样，同……一样
Ĉu vi kantas tiel bone kiel ŝi?
Do you sing as well as she (does)?
你能唱的和她一样好吗？
Ŝi estas tiel bela, kiel mia fratino.
She is as pretty as my sister.
她和我姐姐一样漂亮
Note: Kion vi atendas? can mean either"What are you expecting?" or "What are you waiting for?"depending on the context.
Kionvi atendas? 意思既有"What are you expecting? 你在期待什么"也有 "What are you waiting for? 你在等待着啥"，具体意思要结合语境。
原文：http://www.duolingo.cn/skill/eo/Verbs-Present
翻译:vanilo
