拉开差距的典范之作(1) ——浅析2023年全国高考英语试题乙卷
拉开差距的典范之作
——浅析2023年全国高考英语试题乙卷
昨天,有朋友打电话,说孩子数学最后两道大题没有做,心情不好。我问他孩子今年的目标是什么,他说能上一本线就行。于是我告诉他,这就对了,后两道题是给考北大清华学生出的,不是咱的菜,开心点!
2023年高考帷幕已落下,但硝烟未散去。虽然答案未公布,成绩未出炉,但在朦胧焦虑中,高考改革的目标却清晰异常:选拔真正的人才。醒醒吧,高考就是高考,抛弃幻想,脚踏实地,思想端正,你才有踏入好大学的可能!
下面就今年的英语试题说几句。
2021年试题词汇量过大,特别是合成词以及所谓“熟词生义”单词出现频率太高,几乎每篇都有长难句,要拿到高分,普遍较难,没有区分度。2022年试题词汇量偏小,稍有基础的学生基本都可以拿到100分以上,也没有区分度。而今年的试题让人耳目一新:价值引领方向明确、传统文化宣传到位、选取题材贴近生活、语言风格流畅地道、古今中外融合交汇、试题难度层次清楚,是一套拉开学生差距,选拔优秀人才的典范之作,是近年来高考英语试题中最优秀的一套,没有之一!只有基础好有能力的学生才可以拿到高分,基础差的学生几乎有50分的试题看都看不懂,这就不是你的菜!
下面,我们具体看看每道题(听力除外)。
一.阅读理解A篇
本篇属于人物小传记,选取了近代三位国外女医生和一名中国明朝著名女中医谈允贤。旨在表达尊重女性,突出女性贡献,宣传中国传统文化。文章提到谈允贤的著作《女医杂言》。以往的A篇就是送分,本次A篇明显在考察学生的单词量。
1. 单词短语释义: practitioner (执业医生);to practice medicine(行医);physician (内科医生); surgery(外科手术);surgeon (外科医生)等。如果不太熟悉这些单词,第一道题只有瞎蒙。
2. 长难句解析:
(1) In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. 1322年,她因非法行医而受审。try,审理、审判、审讯。一般用法为 to try sb for sth. 某人因某事而受审。
(2) Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man. 1859年Barry退休,但在她整个的行医生涯和生活中都是女扮男装。本句考察了V-ing形式的完成式。
(3) Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. 当时,中国女性不能拜师学艺。本句理解难点在serve, 此处意思为担任。。。职务,做。。。的工作。虽然试题将apprenticeship解释为学徒期,但我更侧重解释为学徒身份。直译谓:当时,中国女性不能担任医生徒弟(这个职务)。
二.阅读理解B篇
本篇属于叙事散文类,讲述了一位摄影师风景平平的玉米州(corn state)——爱荷华州(Iowa),发现美,追求美的一段摄影旅程。文章传递的思想:生活处处有美景,只要你有一颗发现美的眼睛;机会转瞬即逝,要善于抓住机会;摄影是一种缺憾美,生活更是如此。本篇难度较小,老少皆宜,属于送分题。
1. 单词短语释义:to specialize in 擅长;geographical variation:地形多样性;shot =photo 照片;to end up 出现出乎意料的结果,后可跟形容词、介词短语、V-ing等。
2. 长难句解析:
(1) We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. 由于日落前还有一段时间,我们就离开了这个点,想爬得更高。
(2) Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. 如果我们当时精心准备,精准把控时间的话,这些照片可以拍得更好。但是,现在回头看时,它们仍然是最好的。本句考察了虚拟语气。
3. 翻译欣赏:Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.在合适的时间到达合适地点,对任何摄影作品的风格有决定性的作用。我经常很早就出发去寻找合适的拍摄点,这样我就有时间调适设备,以免错过我想拍摄的那一刻。我已经错过了很多美丽的日落日出,就是因为我在最佳时刻前五分钟才到现场。set up,调适设备。
三.阅读理解C篇
本篇属于介绍英国饮食文化的报道类文章。文化是人类的共同财富,没有国界,了解别人是为了更好的了解自己。文章主题:没有一成不变的东西,文化需要传承,也要创新,要善于接受新事物。本篇难词较少,难度更小,绝对的送分题。
1. 单词短语释义:to stick to 坚持;cookery shows and documentaries about food 美食节目和纪录片。
2. 长难句解析:
(1) It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. 英国人之所以抛弃以前的“一块肉两片菜”和“速食”的烹饪习惯,而在变得更加大胆,不是由于广告宣传,而多亏了电视节目里的厨师(的精彩表演)。本句考察了选择性强调句:It is A rather than B that…就是因为A而不是B。。。它还有其他的变形,如:It is A not B that…, It is not A but B that…等等。
(2) With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking. 由于美食节目里的男厨师不断增多,喜欢烹饪的男孩子也不再“傻逼”了。本句考察了with复合结构。
四.阅读理解D篇
本篇是带有学术气息的科普性文章。文章主旨:看待问题一定要有辨证的思想。虽然“文以载道”,但有时还需“言不尽意,立象以尽意”。虽然本文为一篇外文,但它也反映出了中国人的认知观。本文难度超大,人名、地名、专有名词、生词(虽然有标注)、派生词、合成词较多,一般学生根本看不懂,属于拉开差距型题目。
1. 单词短语释义:privilege,给予。。。特权;ideally, 理想地;aboriginals,土著居民;reconstruct,重现;interpret,解释;miscomprehension,误解;accidentally,偶尔地,意外地;deliberately,有意地;twisted,扭曲的,歪曲的。
2. 通篇翻译:
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
如果你想讲述完整的世界历史,而不偏向于某个特权群体,你不能只通过文字,因为世界上只有一些地区有文字,而大多数地区在大多数时候都没有文字。文字创作是人类后期的成就之一,直到最近,即使许多社会群体有文字,他们在记录事件时除了用文字,也用实物。
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
最理想情况是,历史要将文字和实物相结合,本书的一些章节能够做到这一点,但在许多情况下,我们根本做不到。有文字和无文字历史之间最明显的例子可能是库克船长的航行与澳大利亚原住民之间在博特尼湾发生的第一次冲突。从英国方面来看,我们有关于那可怕的一天的科学报告和库克船长的记录。而从澳大利亚方面来看,我们只看到一名男子在第一次平生第一次听到枪声后仓皇逃跑时丢下的一块木制盾牌。如果我们想重现当天的实际情况,就必须像写书面报告一样,对盾牌进行深入而严格的质疑和解释。
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
除了双方的误解问题外,还有对于胜利的经意或不经意的扭曲,尤其是只有胜利者知道如何用文字表达,而失败者人往往只有用实物来讲述自己的故事。出现在这本书中的加勒比泰诺人、澳大利亚原住民、贝宁的非洲人民和印加人,他们现在可以通过他们制作的实物来有力地向我们讲述他们过去的成就:用实物讲述的历史,给了他们发声的机会。当我们考虑有文字群体和这些无文字群体之间的关系时,由于只有对话的一方,我们所有的第一手资料必然是歪曲的。如果我们要找到对话的另一半,我们不仅要阅读文子,还要阅读实物。
(未完待续)