【种花家学·诗经】1国风-05卫风-03硕人『理雅各英释版』

【阅前提醒】本篇专栏的外语原文部分出自苏格兰经学家理雅各所著的《The Chinese Classics》。理雅各先生出生于1815年（清嘉庆二十年），一生致力于中西方文化的交流，其最重要的成果就是详尽译释了种花家传统经典。由于理雅各先生的本职是传教士，故其译作与众不同，采用的竟是“译经为次，释经为要”的翻译方针，这种紧抓释经权的翻译模式至今仍是独一份。不过由于理雅各的译作卷帙浩繁，因此目前人们常常删去释经只取译文。但我感觉此书的释经部分才是精华，直接丢弃实在是有些买椟还珠了。因此就计划用业余时间对理雅各的部分原文进行一些小整理。当然此书规模实在浩繁，以我的业余精力和水平，只能是整理多少算多少，整理成什么样算什么样！ 

一、国风·卫风·硕人PARTⅠ.BOOKⅤ.ODE Ⅲ. Shih jin

〖一〗硕人其颀，衣锦褧衣。齐侯之子，卫侯之妻。东宫之妹，邢侯之姨，谭公维私。

〖二〗手如柔荑，肤如凝脂，领如蝤蛴，齿如瓠犀，螓首蛾眉，巧笑倩兮，美目盼兮。

〖三〗硕人敖敖，说于农郊。四牡有骄，朱幩镳镳。翟茀以朝。大夫夙退，无使君劳。

〖四〗河水洋洋，北流活活。施罛濊濊，鳣鲔发发。葭菼揭揭，庶姜孽孽，庶士有朅。

 二、诗经《卫风·硕人》小序   

《硕人》，闵庄姜也。庄公惑於嬖妾，使骄上僣。庄姜贤而不答，终以无子，国人闵而忧之。

【理雅各译】The Shih jin is expressive of pity for Chwang Keang. Duke Chwang,led away by his love for his favourite concubine,allowed her proudly to usurp the superior place.Worthy as Chwang Keang was,she received no responsive kindness from him,and all her life had no child.The people pitied her,and were sorry for her case.

三、理雅各韵体版诗译

（ⅰ）

The lady was of figure large and tall.

In broidered robe,hid'neath a garment plain,

A bride,she came from Ts'e's high palace hall,

In Wei,as wife of our great lord to reign.

'Gainst her of no inferior birth the stain

Could be alleged,sister of Ts'e's great heir.

Of other grand alliances a train

She could display,for her two sisters fair

The highest dignity in Hing and T'an did wear.

（ⅱ）

Like blades of white grass were her fingers fine;

Her skin like purest ointment hard congealed;

Her neck like larvae on the tree which shine

So long and white.Her opening lips revealed

Her even teeth,behind their screen concealed,

Like melon seeds.Her front cicada-square,

Displayed her eyebrows curved upon its field,

Like horns of silkworm moth;and dimples rare,

With dark and lucid eyes,showed face beyond compare.

（ⅲ）

When,on her coming,near the city wall,

She halted in the cultured fields,each eye

Viewed with delight her figure large and tall.

Her team of mettled steeds their bits tossed high,

Round which was twined red cloth in rich supply.

Then in her carriage she went on in state,

Its pheasant-screens oft followed by the cry,

"Early retire from court,ye nobles great;

The marquis leave untired,to cherish this fit mate."

（ⅳ）

Where out of Ts'e into our State she passed,

Its banks all green with rush and sedges rank,

Northwards the Ho rolled on the waters vast

Of its majestic stream,while in it sank

With plashing sound the nets,which dripping,dank,

The toiling fishers dropt into the wave,

'Mong shoals of sturgeon,both the large and lank.

Her sister ladies shone in dresses brave,

And martial looked the officers,who escort gave.

四、理雅各散体版诗译

（ⅰ）

Large was she and tall,

In her embroidered robe,with a [plain] single garment over it:-

The daughter of the marquis of Ts'e,

The wife of the marquis of Wei,

The sister of the heir-son of Ts'e.

The sister-in-law of the marquis of Hing,

The viscount of T'an also her brother-in-law.

（ⅱ）

Her fingers were like the blades of the young white-grass;

Her skin was like congealed ointment;

Her neck was like the tree-grub;

Her teeth were like melon seeds:

Her forehead cicada-like;her eyebrows like [the antennae of] the silkworm moth;

What dimples,as she artfully smiled!

How lovely her eyes,with the black and white so well defined!

（ⅲ）

Large was she and tall.

When she halted in the cultivated suburbs.

Strong looked her four horses,

With the red ornaments so rich about their bits.

Thus in her carriage,with its screens of pheasant feathers,she proceeded to our court.

Early retire,ye great officers,

And do not make the marquis fatigued!

（ⅳ）

The waters of the Ho,wide and deep,

Flow northwards in majestic course.

The nets are dropt into them with a plashing sound,

Among shoals of sturgeon,large and small,

While the rushes and sedges are rank about.

Splendidly adorned were her sister ladies;

Martial looked the attendant officers.

五、理雅各版释经

0、绪言

Narrative.CHWANG KEANG AS SHE APPEARED ON HER ARRIVAL IN WEI.HER GREAT CONNECTIONS；HER BEAUTY；HER EQUIPAGE;THE RICHES OF TS'E.

【韵版】The principal points in the history of Chwang Keang,who is evidently the subject of this piece,have been touched on in the notes to the second and some other odes of Book iii.The only difficulty in translating or versifying it is to determine whether the verbs are to be taken in the past tense or in the present.I have deferred to the general opinion of the Chinese critics,who take the piece to have been written after the lady becamean object of commiseration through the behaviour of her husband.

【山译】很显然，这一篇诗歌的对象是历史上的卫庄姜。关于她的历史要点，国风第三邶风的第二篇《绿衣》以及其他一些诗篇中已经体现过了。现在无论是仅仅翻译此诗还是改写成韵体诗，都有一个无法回避的困难，就是对于动词究竟应该用过去时态还是现在时态。我遵从中国学者的普遍观点，即，这首诗是人们因同情庄姜婚后不幸生活而做，所以应该使用过去时态。

【散版】From the ode itself it is plain that the subject of it is Chwang Keang,the principal points in whose unhappy history have been noticed on the 2d and some other odes of Book 3d.A difficulty arises as to the tense in which the greater part of the piece should be translated:-in the present? or in the past?The 'Little Preface'says it was made 'in commiseration of the lady',and this view is supported by an expression of Tso-she,in a narrative at the conclusion of the 3d year of duke Yin.There is little or nothing,indeed,in the ode to indicate this intention,though Yen Ts'an,as we shall see,finds a hint of it in the last two lines of the 3d stanza;but I have deferred to the general opinion of the Chinese critics,and have employed the past tense.Lacharme uses the present,and calls the piece an 'Epithalamium'.

【山译】从这首诗本身来看，它的主题毫无疑问是卫庄姜。关于卫庄姜不幸的婚姻，我们已经在国风第三邶风的第二篇《绿衣》及其他诗中知道了。但这首诗却有一个很大的困难，就是翻译时究竟应该用过去时态，还是应该用现在时态。毛诗小序认为这首诗是卫人同情庄姜所做，而这个观点在左传隐公三年的记载中得到支持。尽管严粲在第三节最后两句中读出了这种暗示〖山注||  这两句是“大夫夙退，无使君劳”，具体怎么读出的暗示，可参见下面理雅各对应的释经〗。但事实上我们很难从诗中读出这种意思。不过我依然遵照中国学者的普遍观点，使用过去时态。而拉查尔姆神父翻译时则使用的是现在时态，并且将这首诗认定为祝婚诗，即对婚姻的礼赞诗。

【山录】《左传·隐公三年·石碏谏宠州吁》——卫庄公娶于齐东宫得臣之妹，曰庄姜。美而无子，卫人所为赋《硕人》也。又娶于陈，曰厉妫，生孝伯，早死。其娣戴妫生桓公，庄姜以为己子。公子州吁，嬖人之子也，有宠而好兵，公弗禁，庄姜恶之。石碏谏曰：“臣闻爱子，教之以义方，弗纳于邪。骄、奢、淫、泆，所自邪也。四者之来，宠禄过也。将立州吁，乃定之矣，若犹未也，阶之为祸。夫宠而不骄，骄而能降，降而不憾，憾而能眕者，鲜矣。且夫贱妨贵，少陵长，远间亲，新间旧，小加大，淫破义，所谓六逆也。君义，臣行，父慈，子孝，兄爱，弟敬，所谓六顺也。去顺效逆，所以速祸也。君人者将祸是务去，而速之，无乃不可乎？”弗听。其子厚与州吁游，禁之，不可。桓公立，乃老。

【山录】《史记·卫康叔世家》——庄公五年，取齐女为夫人，好而无子。又取陈女为夫人，生子，蚤死。陈女女弟亦幸于庄公，而生子完。完母死，庄公令夫人齐女子之，立为太子。庄公有宠妾，生子州吁。十八年，州吁长，好兵，庄公使将。石碏 谏庄公曰：“庶子好兵，使将，乱自此起。”不听。二十三年，庄公卒，太子完立，是为桓公。桓公二年，弟州吁骄奢，桓公绌之，州吁出奔。十三年，郑伯弟段攻其兄，不胜，亡，而州吁求与之友。十六年，州吁收聚卫亡人以袭杀桓公，州吁自立为卫君。为郑伯弟段欲伐郑，请宋、陈、蔡与俱，三国皆许州吁。州吁新立，好兵，弑桓公，卫人皆不爱。石碏乃因桓公母家于陈，详为善州吁。至郑郊，石碏与陈侯共谋，使右宰丑进食，因杀州吁于濮，而迎桓公弟晋于邢而立之，是为宣公。

【山注】关于“州吁之死”的内容，《史记》和《左传》记载出入较大，不过关于卫庄姜的人生记载两书较为吻合。简而言之，卫庄姜自齐嫁到卫国后并不受卫庄公宠爱，也一直无子。后来卫庄公的众多妾室中育有两子，一子名完，一子名州吁。完之母戴妫早死，因此庄姜就将完抱来亲自抚养。庄姜虽无宠，但却是正宫，州吁之母有宠，但地位低贱，因此完继位为君，是为卫桓公。州吁不服，就暗中豢养爪牙，弑杀了卫桓公。最后在卫臣的帮助下，拨乱反正斩杀州吁，拥立卫庄公的另一个儿子继位，是为卫宣公。因此我们可以看出，卫庄姜的婚后生活是很不幸的。

1、硕人其颀，衣锦褧衣。齐侯之子，卫侯之妻。东宫之妹，邢侯之姨，谭公维私。

【韵译】The lady was of figure large and tall.  /  In broidered robe,hid'neath a garment plain,  /  A bride,she came from Ts'e's high palace hall,  /  In Wei,as wife of our great lord to reign.  /  'Gainst her of no inferior birth the stain  /  Could be alleged,sister of Ts'e's great heir.  /  Of other grand alliances a train  /  She could display,for her two sisters fair  /  The highest dignity in Hing and T'an did wear.

【散译】Large was she and tall,  /  In her embroidered robe,with a [plain] single garment over it:-  /  The daughter of the marquis of Ts'e,  /  The wife of the marquis of Wei,  /  The sister of the heir-son of Ts'e.  /  The sister-in-law of the marquis of Hing,  /  The viscount of T'an also her brother-in-law.

（01）St.1.碩人-as in iii.XⅢ.2.  

【山译】“硕人”词条注释见国风第三邶风的第十三篇《简兮》第2节的注解。

【山录】《国风·邶风·简兮》——简兮简兮，方将万舞。日之方中，在前上处。// 硕人俣俣，公庭万舞。有力如虎，执辔如组。/ 左手执龠，右手秉翟。赫如渥赭，公言锡爵。//山有榛，隰有苓。云谁之思？西方美人。彼美人兮，西方之人兮。

【山注】硕人可解为美人、贤人、大人。王先谦集疏“古人硕、美二字为赞美男女之通词，故男亦称美，女亦称硕。”

（02）頎 denotes'the app.of being tall'.

【山译】“欣”是身体修长的意思

【山注】此处的“app.”是哪个词的缩写，我目前查证不出，暂时阙疑。不过这个欣字在诗中的意思很清楚，故能勉强译出。

（03）The 錦 was 'an embroidered robe',worn by the princess in travelling from Ts'e to Wei.Over it she wore a plain single garment (褧=禪)made probably of linen.Tsze-sze quotes this line,in somewhat difft.words,in 'The Doctrine of the Mean',XXXIII.1，and draws a moral from it,about the avoiding of all display.

【山译】“锦”指的是一件绣花长袍。庄姜作为公主从齐国嫁往卫国时穿了一件绣花长袍。而在长袍之外，庄姜又罩了一件无装饰十分朴素的亚麻制外套单衣。曾子在《中庸》第三十三章首句用不同的形式引述了这句话〖山注||  曾子此处引述的是“衣锦尚䌹”与原句稍有差异〗，并从中总结出了一个关于不炫耀的道德规范。

【山注】褧发音jiong，鲁诗齐诗作䌹，韩诗作檾。郑笺解为“襌也，尚之以襌衣，爲其衣之太著。”，《说文》解为“檾也。”《爾雅翼》解“檾”字为“檾高四五尺，或六七尺，葉似苧而薄，實如大麻子，今人績爲布。”段玉裁注解为“绩檾为衣，是为褧也”。综上所述“褧”是一种用麻类植物纤维制作而成的衣服。

【山注】注意辨析襌与禪二字，此处理雅各注释“褧=禪”，这个禪是第一个字dan，即衣字旁的衤，而不是示字旁的礻。这个禪衣指的是没有内裹的外衣，可不是和尚穿的禅衣，这时候老子还没有出世西天化胡番，也就更没有达摩一苇渡江立禅宗。〖山录||《玉篇》——褧，衣無裏也。〗〖山录||《說文》——裏，衣內也。〗〖山录||《禮．玉藻》〔註〕——禪，有衣裳而無裏。〗

（04）The remaining 4 lines exalt Chwang Keang on the ground of her birth and her connections.

【山译】本节剩下的四句诗，则是通过庄姜的出生和关系网展现其高贵的身份和地位。

（05）東宫，'eastern palace',is a designation of the eldest son,or heir-apparent of a State,from the part of the palace buildings which he occupied.Chwang Keang,it thus appears,was the daughter of the marquis of Ts'e by his wife proper,and not by and lady of inferior rank.

【山译】“东宫”直译为“东侧的宫殿”，常用来称呼国君最年长的儿子或者是储君。他有资格居住在宫殿的部分区域中。从这两句我们可以看出，庄姜是齐侯正宫妻子的女儿，并不是妾室所生的地位低下的女儿。

【山注】“齐侯之子”中这个“子”此处指的是女儿〖山录||《礼丧服传》——凡言子者，可以兼男女〗。

【山注】“东宫之妹”的“妹”字是强调亲妹，也就是说，庄姜是齐国嫡公主。

【山注】这位“东宫”是齐庄公的太子，名得臣。不过可惜早死，因此左传中亦称其为东宫〖山录||《左传·隐公三年》——卫庄公娶于齐东宫得臣之妹,曰庄姜。美而无子,卫人所为赋《硕人》也。〗。后来齐国继位的是齐僖公，也就是那位与郑庄公同一时代的诸侯。

（06）Hing was a marquisate,held by descendants of the duke of Chow,of which we read in the Ch'un Ts'ew,till it was absorbed by Wei in B.C.634.

【山译】邢国是侯爵国，是由周公的后代传承，这一点在《左传》中有明确记载。而邢国最后是在公元前634年被卫国吞并。

【山注】关于邢国是周公后代传承的说法可参见〖《左传·僖公二十四年》——凡、蒋、邢、茅、胙、祭，周公之胤也。〗

【山注】邢国在春秋早期是比较重要的诸侯国，不过先是差点被戎狄所灭，幸得齐桓公横空出世，保住了邢国。但齐桓公陨落后，邢国就失去了保护，最后被卫文公在临死前给灭了。〖《左传·僖公二十五年》——二十有五年春王正月，丙午，卫侯燬灭邢。夏四月癸酉，卫侯燬卒。〗

（07）T'an was a small State,whose lords were viscounts (子),adjacent to Ts'e.Why the viscount of T'an should here be called duke (公),we cannot well tell,as it is not likely that he was dead at this time.公must be taken generally as=the ruler of a State.

【山译】谭国只是一个毗邻齐国的小国家，其领主只是子爵。为什么区区一个子爵却被成为“公”呢？很不幸的解释是，作此诗时，这位谭子已经死了〖山注||  春秋初期小诸侯只有在死后加谥时，才有可能称公〗。此时“公”普遍的理解是至少要是一个国家的统治者。

【山注】周时小诸侯薨定谥号时有时会升格为公，西周时非常严格，很多诸侯死后没有谥号升为公；但春秋时逐渐放宽，到战国时，不少小诸侯生前就能称公；到汉代时不少大夫生前就已经可以称公了，例如孔融为活着的郑玄建“郑公乡”，另外如袁绍、曹操等人虽名为汉大夫，其实为诸侯，故生前亦有“明公”等敬称；到如今基本是个人都能称公，故见别人之子常称其为“你家公子如何如何”。当然此时是春秋初期，还是比较严格，谭子要想称公只有死后加谥这一条路。

【山注】谭国毗邻齐国，后被齐所灭，而灭谭的不是别人正是春秋首霸齐桓公。〖山录||《左传·庄公十年》——齐侯之出也，过谭，谭不礼焉。及其入也，诸侯皆贺，谭又不至。冬，齐师灭谭，谭无礼也。谭子奔莒，同盟故也。〗

（08）A husband calls his wife's sisters姨,and a lady calls her sisters'husbands私.

【山译】丈夫喊妻子的姐妹为姨，妻子叫姐妹的丈夫为私。

【山注】“姨”这个称呼我们如今一般是喊母亲的姐妹。〖山录||《康熙字典·姨》——母之姊妹曰姨。又，妻之姊妹同出爲姨。《詩．衞風》：郉侯之姨。《左傳．莊十年》：息嬀過蔡，蔡侯曰：吾姨也，止而享之。〗当然，我们如今会在后面加“妈”和“子”以区分两种姨的不同，即，称母亲的姐妹为“姨妈”，称妻子的姐妹为“姨子”。

【山注】“私”这个称呼现在的确不常见了。〖山录||《康熙字典·私》——《爾雅．釋親》：女子謂姊妹之夫曰私。《詩．衞風》：譚公維私。〗

2、手如柔荑，肤如凝脂，领如蝤蛴，齿如瓠犀，螓首蛾眉，巧笑倩兮，美目盼兮。

【韵译】Like blades of white grass were her fingers fine; / Her skin like purest ointment hard congealed; / Her neck like larva on the tree which shine / So long and white.Her opening lips revealed / Her even teeth,behind their screen concealed, / Like melon seeds.Her front cicada-square, / Displayed her eyebrows curved upon its field, / Like horns of silkworm moth;and dimples rare, / With dark and lucid eyes,showed face beyond compare.

【散译】Her fingers were like the blades of the young white-grass; / Her skin was like congealed ointment; / Her neck was like the tree-grub; / Her teeth were like melon seeds: / Her forehead cicada-like;her eyebrows like [the antennae of] the silkworm moth; / What dimples,as she artfully smiled! / How lovely her eyes,with the black and white so well defined!

（01）St.2 is occupied with the personal beauty of Chwang Keang.

【山译】第二节生动的描述出了庄姜的美貌。

（02）手 is here not the hand',but 'the fingers',-soft,delicate,and white.

【山译】此处的“手”指的不是手而是手指，即庄姜柔软、细腻、洁白的手指。

（03）荑-as in iii.XVII.3.

【山译】“荑”词条注释见国风第三邶风的第十七篇《静女》第3节的注解。

【山录】《国风·邶风·静女》——静女其姝，俟我于城隅。爱而不见，搔首踟蹰。/ 静女其娈，贻我彤管。彤管有炜，说怿女美。/ 自牧归荑，洵美且异。匪女之为美，美人之贻。

【山注】荑，初生白茅的嫩芽。

（04）L.2 describes the whiteness of her skin,and L.3 that of her neck.

【山译】第二句描写庄姜皮肤的白皙，第三句描写庄姜脖子的白皙。

【山注】领，头颈。

（05）蝤蠐is the name for the larvae of a beetle which bores into wood,and deposits its eggs in trees.The larvae are remarkable for their whiteness and length,and hence poets turn them to account as here!

【山译】蝤蛴是一种幼甲虫的名字，这种甲虫钻入木头中产卵，其刚出生的幼虫又白又长，所以诗人将它们用在这里。

【山注】蝤蛴qiuqi，天牛的幼虫，又名木蠹，身长而白。

（06）瓠犀is 'the section of a melon',(Williams strangely calls it 'the carpel'),showing the seeds regular and white;such were the lady's teeth.

【山译】瓠犀是甜瓜的一部分，（威廉姆斯称它为心皮），其中的瓜子又白又整齐，诗中用其来形容庄姜的美齿。

【山注】瓠hu犀，葫芦籽。瓠，〖山录||《說文》瓠，匏也；陸璣《詩疏》匏，瓠也。《正韻》亦作葫。〗。犀，〖《集韻》：一曰瓠中。《詩．衞風》：齒如瓠犀。〔傳〕瓠犀，瓠瓣也。〗

（07）螓is the name of one of the cicadae,rather small,but remarkable for the broad and square formation of its head;such was Chwang Keang's forehead,like Seuen Keang's in iv.III.,-揚且之皙，揚且之顏.

【山译】螓是一种小蝉的名字，它的头广且宽。就如庄姜周正的前额，这句对面额的描写与国风第四鄘风第三篇的《君子偕老》中描写宣姜的诗句——扬且之晳，扬且之颜——有异曲同工之妙。

【山录】《国风·鄘风·君子偕老》——君子偕老，副笄六珈。委委佗佗，如山如河。象服是宜。子之不淑，云如之何？/ 玼兮玼兮，其之翟也。鬒发如云，不屑髢也。玉之瑱也，象之揥也。扬且之晳也。胡然而天也！胡然而帝也！/ 瑳兮瑳兮，其之展也，蒙彼绉絺，是绁袢也。子之清扬，扬且之颜也，展如之人兮，邦之媛也！

【山注】螓qin，虫名。孔疏：“此虫额广而且宽。”

（08）蛾is here the moth of the silkworm,whose small curved antennae are a favourite figure for the eyebrows of ladies.

【山译】蛾是指蚕生成的飞蛾，这种飞蛾弯曲细长的触角，是女子最优美的眉毛形态。

【山注】这种由蚕生成的飞蛾，专有名词是蠶蛾。

（09）倩denotes 'the app.of the dimple in smiling'.This exact significance of the term has been missed in all our Chinese-and-English dictionaries.

【山译】倩是指笑起来的酒窝，目前这个字的精确含义暂无在此时任何一本中英字典中找到。

【山注】倩，笑时显示的酒窝。毛传：“倩，好口辅。”王逸注：“口辅即靥辅也。”靥辅就是酒窝。

（10）盼denotes the black and white of the eyes clearly defined.

【山译】盼形容黑白分明的明亮眼睛。

【山注】盼，眼睛转动时黑白分明的样子。毛传：“盼，黑白分。”马融论语注：“盼，动目貌。”

【山录】（孔子与子夏研习此句的讨论）《论语·3八佾·8》——子夏问曰：“‘巧笑倩兮，美目盼兮，素以为绚兮’。何谓也？”子曰：“绘事后素。”曰：“礼后乎？”子曰：“起予者商也，始可与言诗已矣。”

3、硕人敖敖，说于农郊。四牡有骄，朱幩镳镳。翟茀以朝。大夫夙退，无使君劳。

【韵译】When,on her coming,near the city wall, / She halted in the cultured fields,each eye / Viewed with delight her figure large and tall. / Her team of mettled steeds their bits tossed high, / Round which was twined red cloth in rich supply. / Then in her carriage she went on in state, / Its pheasant-screens oft followed by the cry, / "Early retire from court,ye nobles great; / The marquis leave untired,to cherish this fit mate."

【散译】Large was she and tall. / When she halted in the cultivated suburbs. / Strong looked her four horses, / With the red ornaments so rich about their bits. / Thus in her carriage,with its screens of pheasant feathers,she proceeded to our court. / Early retire,ye great officers, / And do not make the marquis fatigued!

（01）St.3 describes the appearance and equipage of Chwang Keang as she drew near to the capital of Wei.

【山译】第三节描述了庄姜来到卫国时的样貌和行头。

（02）敖敖has the same meaning as其頎in st.1.

【山译】敖敖与第一节中“其欣”的意思相同。

【山注】此处敖敖是“高”的意思，故理雅各认为其与第一节中的“欣”同义。敖通贅，《说文》：贅、顤，高也。

（03）說，-as in ii.V.3.

【山译】“说”与国风第二召南的第五篇《甘棠》第三节中的“说”相同。

【山注】“说”是“税”的通假字，此处的意思是短暂休息。

【山录】《国风·召南·甘棠》——蔽芾甘棠，勿剪勿伐，召伯所茏。/ 蔽芾甘棠，勿剪勿败，召伯所憩。/ 蔽芾甘棠，勿剪勿拜，召伯所说。

（04）農郊are the suburbs,not far distant from the capital,which husbandmen had brought under cultivation.

【山译】“农郊”指的是距离都城不远，有农民开垦的郊区。

【山注】此处“农郊”特指卫国国都的近郊。也就是说卫庄姜在卫都的近郊稍事休息。

（05）四牡are the four horses or stallions of the carriage;有驕expresses their 'appearance as strong.

【山译】“四牡”是指四匹马拉的轿子，“有骄”是形容四匹马健壮的外表。

【山注】“杜”本指雄性走兽，此处引申为马。诗经毛傳：飛曰雌雄，走曰牝牡。

【山注】“骄”，健状貌。《說文》：馬高六尺爲驕。《玉篇》：壯貌。

（06）Maou explains幩simply by飾，'to ornament',or'an ornament';Choo,more fully,by鑣飾，'the ornament of a bridle',meaning more particularly the iron parts outside the bit in the mouth.In princely equipages these were twisted round with red cloth,both for ornament and a protection from the foam.

【山译】毛公将“幩”解释成“饰”即装饰或装饰物。而朱熹进一步解释其为“鑣飾”，即马嚼子上的装饰物，更准确的说，就是马蹶子外层的铁质部分。在王侯的行头中，这些幩会用红布缠绕，不仅为了装饰，也可以除掉马嘴外的白沫

【山注】“幩”，毛传：“飾也。人君以朱纏，且以爲飾。”朱熹集传：“幩，鑣飾也，鑣者马衔外铁，人君以朱纏之也。”釋文：“馬銜外鐵也。一名扇汗，又曰排沫。”

（07）Yen Ts'an takes 镳鑣as denoting 'all the bits';Maou and Choo,better,as a descriptive adj.,expressing the rich appearance of the ornamented instruments.

【山译】严粲认为“镳鑣”表示全部上了马嚼。但是毛公和朱熹认为应该理解成一个形容词，即形容行头装饰的盛貌。

【山注】“bits”有一个熟词生义是马嚼子。

【山注】“鑣鑣”，形容盛貌。《博雅》：“鑣鑣，盛也。”这个争论的焦点是，毛朱认为虽然“鑣”本义是马嚼子〖山录||《釋名》：“鑣，苞也──所以在旁苞斂其口也。”《正韻》：“一名扇汗，一名排沫。”〗，但此处应该是做形容词，形容貌盛的样子；但是严粲认为仍然是本义，叠用就是说所用马都套上了这种华丽的马嚼子。

（08）茀=蔽'a screen'.The front and rear of ladies carriages were furnished with screens,made in the case of princesses,with pheasants'feathers.

【山译】“茀”作“蔽”意思是一个屏风，女士马车的前与后会装上屏风，尤其是公主的马车屏风上往往还会插上雉鸡的羽毛。

【山注】翟，长尾野鸡。天子诸侯常用野鸡毛装饰车茀。

（09）The ruler of a State gave audience,with the dawn,to his ministers,and then withdrew to 'the small chamber',and changed his robes.The last two lines are understood as the expression of the people's feelings,when they saw the beauty and splendour of Chwang Keang.-Such a wife was to be cherished by the marquis.Let not the ministers fatigue him with business,so as to unfit him for showing due attention to her.The poet,it is supposed,repeats the words here,to insinuate his regret for the neglect with which the lady had come to be treated.

【山译】卫国国君在早上接见了自己的臣子，然后退入小房间中换衣服。最后两句一般被解释成众人看到美丽华贵庄姜之后的情感表达：这样优秀的妻子，应该值得卫侯珍爱，诸位大臣就早早退去不要再用政务是卫侯疲劳，以防止卫侯不能向庄姜表达足够的爱意。有另一种解读，说此处这两句话是在对庄姜受到忽视感到遗憾，因此用这两句强调大臣此时不应再缠着卫侯。

【山注】不过我感觉比较好的解释是，庄姜停在郊外，卫侯带着大臣郊迎庄姜，早上二人相见，大臣们赶紧离开，不要当电灯泡，打扰卫侯夫妇。

4、河水洋洋，北流活活。施罛濊濊，鳣鲔发发。葭菼揭揭，庶姜孽孽，庶士有朅。

【韵译】Where out of Ts'e into our State she passed, / Its banks all green with rush and sedges rank, / Northwards the Ho rolled on the waters vast / Of its majestic stream,while in it sank / With plashing sound the nets,which dripping,dank, / The toiling fishers dropt into the wave, / 'Mong shoals of sturgeon,both the large and lank. / Her sister ladies shone in dresses brave, / And martial looked the officers,who escort gave.

【散译】The waters of the Ho,wide and deep, / Flow northwards in majestic course. / The nets are dropt into them with a plashing sound, / Among shoals of sturgeon,large and small, / While the rushes and sedges are rank about. / Splendidly adorned were her sister ladies; / Martial looked the attendant officers.

（01）St.4 is understood to indicate the rich resources and strength of Ts'e in the Ho,which then flowed northwards along the west of the State.

【山译】第四节主要是用来展示齐国在黄河流域诸国中所拥有的强大实力和丰富资源。黄河流经西边的诸多国家，到此处向北流入海。

【山注】“河”专指黄河。黄河此时在齐的西方卫的东方，并向北流入海。

（02）洋洋describe the vastness of the stream,and活活'the appearance of its current'.

【山译】“洋洋”用来描述河流广阔的样子；“活活”用来描述河水流动的样子。

【山注】此处“活活”是拟声词，模拟水流的声音，类似于如今常用的流水哗哗。

（03）罛=魚罟,'a fish net.'

【山译】“罛”是渔网的意思，相当于“魚罟”。

（04）濊濊express the sound of the nets entering the water.

【山译】“濊濊”表达渔网入水的声音。

（05）鱣is,no doubt the sturgeon.It is described as having a short snout,with the mouth under the chin,covered with bony plates,instead of scales.The flesh is yellow,in consequence of which one name of it is the 'yellow fish'.It is found sometimes of an immense size,and weighs 1000 pounds.

【山译】根据描述，“鱣”毫无疑问指的是鲟鱼。根据描述，其短吻，嘴比下巴低，覆盖骨板，而不是鱼鳞。又因为这种鱼是黄色，因此被称为黄鱼，黄鱼体型较大，有些甚至可重达1000磅。

【山注】关于“鱣”是什么鱼，有争议。崔豹认为是大鲤鱼，其古今注曾云：“鲤大者为鱣”；不过郭璞在注尔雅时认为鱣是黄鱼，理雅各此处认同郭说。

（06）Of the鮪 I was not so sure.It is described as like a sturgeon,but much smaller,the snout longer and more pointed,with the flesh white.Williams erroneously calls it 'a kind of eel or water snake,found in the Yang-tsze Keang.'The fish is common enough at Han-k'ow,Kew-keang.and other places on that river.We should no doubt find it also in the Ho.It is described in Blakiston's 'Five months on the Yang-tsze',p.77.Figures of it are given on p.83 to help naturalists to identify the species.He says 'it had somewhat the appearance of a dogfish or shark';but I believe the Chinese are correct in saying that it is a kind of sturgeon.The line might be translated,'Amid shoals of sturgeon,the large and the snouted.

【山译】至于“鲔”是什么鱼，我不太确定。它的描述听起来很类似于鲟鱼，但是要小的多，而吻却更长更尖，肉是白色的。威廉姆斯错误的认为它是在扬子江也有的一种鳗鱼或水蛇。而这种鱼在汉口、武昌〖山注||  我不确定Kew-keang是不是武昌的音译，只是感觉描述的有点像武昌鱼〗以及江河的其他地方十分常见，因此毫无疑问，我们应该也能在黄河中找到它。布拉克斯顿曾经在他所著的《扬子江上的五个月》的第77页中对这种鱼鱼进行过描述，其并在第83页给出了这种鱼的形体描绘，他在描述中说，这种鱼的外形有点像狗鱼或鲨尾鱼，这可以帮助博物学家进行物种识别。但我认为中国学者认为这是一种鲟鱼的观点是正确的，因此“鳣鲔”可以翻译成有大个的和长吻的鲟鱼群。

【山注】“鲔”一种同鲤同类的鱼，陆机所著《诗草木鸟兽鱼疏》：“鮪似鱣而靑黑，頭小而尖，似鐵兜鍪，口在頷下，大者爲王鮪，小者爲叔鮪，肉白，味不逮鱣，今東萊遼東謂之尉魚。”

（07）'發發may describe the abundance of the fishes,or their struggles in the nets.

【山译】“發發”可用来描述鱼很多的样子，或者是描述鱼与网搏斗的样子。

【山注】“發發”此处应该是拟声词，摹拟鱼尾甩动的声音。从而表现出网中鱼的鲜活和丰富。

（08）葭，-as in ii.XⅠV.1.

【山译】“葭”的注解可参见国风第二召南的第14篇《驺虞》。

【山注】“葭”就是芦苇。

【山录】《国风·召南·驺虞》——  彼茁者葭，壹发五豝，于嗟乎驺虞！/ 彼茁者蓬，壹发五豵，于嗟乎驺虞！

（09）菼is a kindred plant;other names for it are薍and荻.

【山译】“菼”是一种与“葭”关系较近的植物品种，也被称为“薍”或“荻”。

【山注】菼，荻草也。《爾雅．釋草》：菼薍。〔註〕似葦而小，實中，江東呼爲烏蓲。

（10）揭揭express the rank high growth of the rushes.

【山译】“揭揭”用来形容芦苇荻草长得很高的样子。

（11）The marchioness of Wei was a Keang(姜)；by庶姜must be intended her cousins,attending her from Ts'e to her harem,-'the virgins,her companions';

【山译】卫侯夫人是姜姓，因此“庶姜”指的是陪伴她从齐国来到卫国后宫的众位同姓堂姐妹，可以理解成她的陪嫁同伴。

（12）孽孽expresses the richness of their array.

【山译】“孽孽”用来形容庄姜陪嫁姐妹众多且各个貌美的盛状。

（13）庶士are the officers escorting Chwang Keang and her companions from Ts'e;有朅expresses their martial appearance.

【山译】“庶士”是齐国派来护送庄姜和陪嫁姐妹队伍的士兵官员。“有朅”是形容这些兵将英武善战的样子。

【山注】“庶士”理雅各认为是护送队伍的官员，但更可能是滕臣，诸侯陪嫁不止有女子还有男人，秦相百里奚就是从晋国陪嫁秦穆姬入秦的。

【山注】“朅”，毛公传：武壯貌。

The rhymes are-in st.1,頎(prop.cat.15),衣,妻,姨,私，cat.1t.1;in2,荑，脂，蠐，犀，眉，ib;倩，盼,*,cat.13;in3,敖，郊，驕，鑣，朝，勞，cat.2;in4,活，濊，發，揭，孽，朅，cat.15,t.3.