【真题解析】四川美术学院环艺考研2017年初试真题——地铁站入口设计

考研的意义在于你真正投入的过程，请务必坚持信念，守得云开见月明！

临近考研我们和同学们一样紧张，也时刻关注着今年考研的动态，对每年的各专业的考研题目研究解析，这篇文章是针对川美环艺考研真题做的深度解析！（时刻更新历年真题中）

一、真题展示 

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二、场地要求 

地铁站出入口设置在市区繁华地段一处空地上，单面出入。

三、尺度要求 

出入口控制在宽度不超过5米，长度不超过10米的占地大小。出入口地面要求高于街道0.3米。

手绘表达一下图示:平面图、立面图、剖面图、效果图表现应考虑地铁站LOGO、标牌。平立剖面标注相应的尺寸，设计合理，图示清晰、具有创新特色。

注:考试时间: 6H工具:铅笔、马克笔、彩铅及其他材料

四、题目解读 

1、题目给到了非常明确的尺度要求：“出入口控制在宽度不超过 5 米，长度不超过 10 米的占地大小。出入口地面要求高于街道 0.3 米”，要严格按照题目要求对空间尺度进行规划。

因此在进行创新设计之前要对地铁站入口的基本形态有一个了解，对于一个常规的轻轨站入口来说应该具备哪一些基础设施设备：自动扶梯、楼梯、入口标志、栏杆等。

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2、地铁站设置在繁华地段的空地上，在效果图表现中要把周围场景的那种喧嚣、繁华的氛围表现出来，而不是盲目的把之前背好的公园植物配景堆上去，选用恰当的配景能够更好的衬托出构筑物，表现出更强的在地形、场域特点。

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3、注意突破常规轻轨站入口的“方盒子”形态，可以大胆尝试拼接元素，或者曲线元素进行外壳设计，也可以在常规的构筑物方形形态上融入新的元素，作为包装元素，各种形式不限。总之就是设计出一些现有轻轨站入口所不具备的一些形态，完成题目给到的创新性要求。

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构筑物形态分析

地铁站入口的设计可以打破常规的方形空间，设计可以是一个由曲线组合成的一个造型空间，其形态和元素可以是任何来源，比如山、水。可以给到入口一个“主题”定位，其中一个思路就是可以提取自然物的形态或者特点，加以变形组合构成我们所需要的建筑物体。在整个考试中会显得更具有特色。

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也可以根据原有方形形态做一些变化，比如将环境与设计构筑物的关系拉的更加密切，光与影的关系也可以是效果表达和设计语言表达的一个侧重点。

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五、示范快题 

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六、实际案例 

appreciation towards Nefa Architects for providing the following description:

2014年，Strelka KB根据Moscomarchitecture的要求，举办了一个国际竞赛，建筑事务所Nefa Architects提交的设计方案拔得了头筹。

In 2014 our project was chosen through an international open call held by Strelka KB upon request of Moscomarchitecture.

▼地铁站鸟瞰图，bird-eye’s view of the metro station

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这个地铁站的设计概念紧扣基地的环境特点，主要建立在两个主题之上：一是阳光，二是名为“dacha”的俄国夏季乡间邸宅所特有的建筑元素和斜坡屋顶。值得一提的是，这两个主题都来源于Solntsevo地区的一段历史—— 20世纪20年代到30年代的时候，这里曾是最早的指定工人定居点之一。

The concept is site specific and based on two main subjects: Sun light, its architectural comprehension and a characteristic slope roof of a summer cottage “dacha”. Name of the site inspired the Sun motif and the slope roof motif came from the history of the area, that in 1920s and 30s was one of the first places designated for workers settlements.

▼地铁站设计概念，采用斜坡屋顶，design concept, the station uses the element of slope roof

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地铁站的地上部分由一系列白色混凝土板组装而成。混凝土板的外表皮具有重复出现的垂直凹槽纹理，与板跟板之间的接缝相平行，同时，这些可见的凹槽纹理也突出了立面的节奏韵律。

▼地铁站地上部分外观远景，由一系列白色混凝土穿孔板组装而成，distant exterior view of the outdoor pavilions that are assembled from a number of white perforated concrete panels

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▼地铁站地上部分局部外观近景，混凝土板的外表皮具有重复出现的垂直凹槽纹理，与板跟板之间的接缝相平行，partial close exterior view of the outdoor pavilions, on the outside concrete is textured with vertical grooves that are repeating the lines of joints between panels

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The outdoor pavilions are assembled from a number of white concrete panels, on the outside concrete is textured with vertical grooves that are repeating the lines of joints between panels. The notches are visible in order to highlight the rhythm of the facade.

▼地铁站雪景远景，distant exterior view of the metro station when it’s snowing

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▼透过玻璃看地铁站的入口，viewing the entrance of the metro station through the glass

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阳光透过地铁站地上部分的穿孔板屋顶，在地上投射下斑驳的光影效果，而在地下大厅中，建筑师也使用了相同的手法来创造光影效果，唯一的不同之处在于：地下大厅使用的是人造光。

▼阳光透过穿孔板投射出光影效果，the effect of light and shadow created by the perforated roof

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▼地面之上和地面之下采用相同的手法和不同的光源来创造光影效果，the entrance pavilions and the underground halls create the light and shadow effect by the same approach but different lights

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Perforation of the entrance pavilions creates an effect of sunbeams penetrating the roof, in the underground halls we use same effect but generated by reflected artificial light instead of daylight.

▼地铁站的地上入口，the overground entrance of the entrance

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▼地铁站的地上入口，阳光透过穿孔板投射出光影效果，the overground entrance of the entrance, sunlight penetrates the perforated roof, creating the effect of light and shadow

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▼黄色的售票厅，the yellow ticket hall

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▼地铁站的地下候车大厅，利用大小不一的圆形人工光源创造光影效果，the underground halls, creating the light and shadow effect by round artificial light in different sizes

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▼地铁站的地下候车大厅，设有高低不一的圆柱形灯柱，the underground halls with the cylindrical light lampstandards in different heights

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▼地铁站的地下候车大厅，圆柱形灯柱可作为休息空间，the underground halls, the cylindrical light lampstandards can act as the seating space

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▼候车大厅的墙面和天花板细节，details of the wall and the ceiling of the underground hall

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▼傍晚时分的地铁站，exterior view of the metro station at dusk

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▼地铁站外馆夜景，night view of the metro station

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▼地铁站地上部分剖面图，section of the overground metro station

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▼地铁站地上部分剖面构造详图，construction details of section of the overground metro station

▼售票大厅平面图，plan of the ticket hall

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▼候车大厅平面图，plan of the platform

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Client: Mosinzhproekt
Architects: Nefa Architects
Location: Moscow, Russia
Chief Architect: Dmitry Ovcharov
Authors Team: Dmitry Ovcharov, Elena Mertsalova, Viktor Kolupaev
Architects: Margarita Kornienko, Maria Tarasova
Visualization: Dmitry Tridenov, Rustam Yusupov
Chief Engineer: Sergey Kurepin
Project Management: Daria Turkina
Total Area: 3935 sqm
Year: 2018
Photographs: Ilya Ivanov
Furniture (Manufacturers / Products):
1. Krost Concern – white concrete panels
2. LIK, Panorama – Stained glass window
3. ARTcor – white cylindrical objects on the platform (acrylic stone)
4. Albes – perforated ceiling metal panels
5. Lightning- Tochka Opory Promelectrosvet

六、实际案例二 

appreciation towards Zaha Hadid Architects for providing the following description:

莫斯科的地铁系统每年运送25亿名乘客，高峰期间的日运输量接近1000万人次，并且仍在随着不断增长的城市人口而持续扩张。在过去的20年间，莫斯科的人口数量增长了300多万（超过30%），目前已达到1250万。

新修的Bolshaya Koltsevaya地铁线（大环线）是莫斯科的第三条环城线路，将显著地增强交通网络的承载量和连接性。其中，于2018年开通的路段至今已经运输了约5800万名乘客。整条线路预计将在未来几年内建成，届时环线的长度将接近70公里。

Transporting 2.5 billion passengers each year with a peak daily usage of almost 10 million, the Moscow Metro continues to expand to serve the city’s increasing population that has grown by more than 3 million (over 30%) to 12.5 million people in the past 20 years.

The new Bolshaya Koltsevaya Line (Large Circle Line) is the city’s third orbital metro line and will significantly increase the capacity and connectivity of the network. approximately 58 million passengers have already used its sections that opened in 2018. The entire new orbital metro line will be almost 70km in length when completed in the coming years.

▼地铁站入口，Entrance ©Zaha Hadid Architects

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Klenoviy Boulevard 2号地铁站位于城市东南部Nagatinsky Zaton区的中心地带，将成为大环线和未来Biryulevskaya地铁线路之间的换乘站。其中，Biryulevskaya线还将直接连通南部的Kuryanovo区、Biryulyovo区以及市中心区域。

新车站位于Klenoviy大道与Kolomenskaya大街的交汇处，将为整个区域的居民带来极大的便利，同时还将提供通往莫斯科河畔备受欢迎的Kolomenskoye博物馆保护区及其390公顷的公园的路径。地铁站的设计提供了全面而直观的导航系统，并在照明和乘客信息系统方面实现了创新，为莫斯科著名的地铁系统定义出下一代车站的范例。

At the heart of the Nagatinsky Zaton district in the city’s southeast, Klenoviy Boulevard Station 2 will be the interchange between the orbital Bolshaya Koltsevaya Line and the future Biryulevskaya Line that will connect Kuryanovo and Biryulyovo districts to the south directly with the city centre.

Located at Klenoviy Boulevard’s intersection with Kolomenskaya Street to optimise convenience for residents throughout the district, the new station will also offer access to the popular Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve and its 390-hectacre park on the banks of the Moscow River. Providing intuitive navigation throughout, the design incorporates new innovations in lighting and passenger information systems to define the next generation of stations on Moscow’s renowned metro system.

▼地铁站外观，Pavilion ©Zaha Hadid Architects

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站台层的一系列立柱在形体上展示出一致性，而实际上每根柱子的形状都略有不同，暗示着其与站台中心的距离。这些立柱被塑造为引导乘客前进的“箭头”，与天花板和地面上的灯线相呼应，结合了寻路标识和功能性照明，同时起到提示站台边缘的作用。

A series of columns on the station’s platforms are shaped to express instances of the same form being marginally distorted as it moves through space, with each column being a slight variation in form to signify its distance from the centre of the platform. The columns are developed as ‘arrows’ that direct passengers and also integrate lines of light on the ceiling and the floors to provide way-finding, functional lighting and signify platform edges.

▼站台层，Platform Level ©Zaha Hadid Architects

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灯光设计旨在丰富车站环境并为乘客提供方向引导。站台的光照条件可以进行调节，以提醒乘客列车即将到达。动态的照明系统则能够让乘客更加容易地辨识自己的方位。

The station’s lighting has been developed to enrich the environment and orientate travellers as they navigate through its spaces. Platform lighting conditions adjust to inform waiting passengers of a train’s impending arrival, while a dynamic lighting system further enhances passenger orientation throughout the station.

▼售票区域入口，Ticketing Entrance ©Zaha Hadid Architects

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Klenoviy Boulevard 2号地铁站以直观的导航为特色，将凭借不断壮大的地铁网络将Nagatinsky Zaton区的居民和游客与整个莫斯科市连接起来。该车站的设计旨在让通行变得更加舒适、愉悦和安全，通过新的技术来调整内部的环境条件，为乘客带来理想的体验和清晰明了的实时网络信息。

Defined by intuitive navigation, Klenoviy Boulevard Station 2 connects residents and visitors to Nagatinsky Zaton with all of Moscow via the city’s expanding metro network. Designed to make transport comfortable, enjoyable and safe, the station integrates new technologies that adjusts interior environment conditions to enhance passengers’ experience and provide clear, real-time information of the network.

▼售票区，Ticketing area ©Zaha Hadid Architects

Architect: Zaha Hadid Architects
ZHA Design Director: Christos Passas
ZHA Team: Anna Uborevic-Borovskaya, Mihai-Dragos Potra, Alex Turner, Liudmila Harrison-Jones
Consortium Members: Systematica, Krost, Metropolis Group, Rider Levett Bucknall
Lighting Design: ARUP Lighting (Giulio Antonutto, Pavlina Akritas)
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