Case report(二)如何写并成功发表,通过案例分享给临床科研者们一点启示
五姨劳动节快乐哦!
上次给大家简单介绍了一下什么是case report以及收录case的杂志汇总,但是童鞋们觉得没看过瘾,感觉对如何写好一篇case report并成功发表,还是没有把握。
那从本周给大家详细介绍下如何写好case的文章,帮助大家更好地做好临床科研服务。
病例介绍是case report的文章主体,其内容与原始病历类似,需清楚地交待病程经过的必要细节,切忌照搬原始病历。
写作要点包括:
(1)要保证真实性,避免使用各种非客观性、怀疑或推测性语句;
(2)因报道疾病是罕见或有特殊意义的病例,故应重点描述有特殊意义的症状、体征、检查结果和治疗方法;
(3)描述病史时,要交待清楚发病时间、主诉及病情经过,对反复发作性疾病和先天性疾病要重视既往史和家族史,外伤患者要写受伤情况;
(4)实验室检查及影像学检查通常只列阳性和必要的阴性结果,无相关意义的其它阴性结果可省略;
(5)手术治疗要说明手术名称、术前处理、术中发现、术后处理、术后反应;
(6)治疗结果既要说明疗效,又要说明副作用;如有随访,需写出随访结果;
(7)若报道多个病例,应分别列出Case 1、Case2等;
(8)时态多用一般过去时。
病例介绍的详细内容大致包括,病人的一般状况、主诉、现病史、既往史、个人史、婚育史、家族史、体格检查要点、特殊检查、初步诊断、鉴别诊断、诊疗过程、病情变化及随访结果等。在撰写文章时,这些内容并非要全部列出,根据不同疾病列出相关的重点内容即可。
1 基本情况介绍
病人的基本信息通常涉及年龄、性别、基本病况及主诉,必要时说明职业或种族,但应避免提及病人的真实姓名及住院号等个人信息。
例1-1:出自Sjogren PP, Banerji N, Batts KP, Graczyk MJ, Dunn DH (2013) Rare presentation of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor with spontaneous esophageal perforation: A case report. International journal of surgery case reports 4 (7):636-639.
A 39-year-old male presented to our hospital with severe chest and abdominal pain after a few months of progressive dyspnea and odynophagia. Recently, he had complaints of emesis after meals and eventually became intolerant of solids and liquids. Additionally, the patient admitted to an approximately 100 lb weight loss over the past few years. (介绍病人的年龄、性别及主诉等) Upon arrival, he was hypotensive and septic, with hemoglobin of 11.9 g/dL and white blood cell count of 18.6 thou/cu mm (介绍病人的既往史).
解析:这段是比较完整的病人基本情况的介绍,关键信息为患者是一名39岁的男性,病人主述的病情发展为历经几个月的呼吸困难和吞咽痛,出现严重的胸腹部疼痛,饭后呕吐,最终难以下咽固体食物甚至流食,此外还伴随着体重的减少。此外,还介绍病人的既往史包括低血压及败血症。
例1-2:出自Gugssa SA, Johnston JC (2012) Syphilitic aortic aneurysm with spastic paraparesis: A novel presentation and review of the literature. Journal of the neurological sciences 323 (1):241-244.
A 55 year old Ethiopian male presented to the Black Lion Specialized Referral Hospital Neurology Clinic in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia with a four month history of progressive leg weakness and urinary urgency. He required bilateral support for walking.
解析:一名55岁埃塞俄比亚男性,有四个月的双腿无力及尿急现象,最终需借助外力行走。病人基本信息及主诉介绍。
Past medical history (既往病史) was significant for hypertension over the last two years, and a painless genital ulcer thirty years ago which spontaneously healed without treatment. Family history (家族史) was unremarkable. Relevant social history (社会史) included a lengthy period of heavy alcohol abuse.
解析:既往史包括高血压,无痛生殖器溃疡,无家族史,有长期的酗酒史。
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