Corner Rights 弯道优先权

假设你仅观察过少数GPL*车手的驾驶方式并认为弯道优先权应是“无论什么情况下我都可以杀出一条自己路，因为我有这权利。”很好，...事实并非如此。实际上确有“弯道优先权”存在。这不仅适用于GPL，也适用于现实世界中的任何等级的赛车赛事——从福特方程式到一级方程式和这其中的任一赛事。“开玩笑！”你可能会说，“你意思是我没有任何权利去把我的车塞进任何我看的见的空隙？”事实上不是，你不会这样做——如果你以这种方式去跑GPL甚至现实中的任何赛事，你不会成为赛车天才，取而代之的是你会发现你甚至进不了最低级别的赛事。每天在GPL中所见的事在现实中多是无法容忍的，譬如赛车损毁，花费修理，甚至生命受到威胁。

*注：GPL既Grand Prix Legends的缩写，为Papyrus在20多年前制作的硬核模拟赛车，也是iRacing的祖父（在核心源代码方面有继承），为后来的模拟器发展提供了许多参考。

If you watch the odd few GPL drivers in action you might think the rule for corner rights goes something like, " Whatever piece of ground I can barge my way into I have the right to ". Well, ... not so. There is actually an etiquette for corner rights. Its not just for GPL, or racing sims, but is basically the same for every level of real-world motor racing - from Formula Ford to Formula 1 and everything in between. " What ! ", you say. " You mean I don't have the right to throw my car into any gap I see ? ". Actually no, you don't - and if you raced in any real-world competition the way you may race in GPL, instead of being hailed as a motor racing genius you may find yourself banned from even the lowest levels of the sport. Some of the everyday things you see in GPL simply aren't tolerated where real cars are damaged, real money is the cost of repair, and real lives are at risk.

简而言之，概念即是，你必须在进“入弯点”之前与前车建立“充分的重叠”，使你有权获得前车留给你的行驶空间。“充分的重叠”意味着至少你的“车头部分”处于前车的范围内——这是最起码的，很多情况下你需要更多。如果在“入弯点”之前没有建立任何“重叠”，那么前车有权使用正常的行车线路而不被影响。

In brief, the concept is, you must establish substantial overlap with the car ahead before a corner's turn-in point to have the right for room to be left for you by the ahead driver. Substantial overlap means at least that the front of your car is up to say the driver's position in the ahead car - and that's at the very least. You probably should have more in many circumstances. The ahead driver has ever right to be fully committed to the racing line of his choice without any interference if there was no overlap before he turned in.

假使在“入弯点”之前建立了“充分的重叠”，那么后车有权获得行驶空间。前车仍然可以争夺名次，不过必须驾驶在相对宽阔的行车线上，提供给后车空间。

If sufficient overlap is established before the turn-in point, then the behind driver has the right to room. The ahead driver can still battle for the place of course but must do so from a wider-out position, leaving room for the behind driver.

从下面这张图你可以了解为什么在进“入弯点”后建立的”重叠”是无效的，在赛规中是不光荣的行为。事实上这个无效的”重叠”是在弯中建立的。这与谁比较快或谁延迟刹车无关。在以下的1、2、3位置，假设只考虑前方直线（蓝线表示），你会发现 Lotus（绿车）全无”重叠”。而如果你以车的垂直角度（红线）来看，有一部分”重叠”在位置2上建立，并在位置3上巩固为“充分的重叠”。然而，这个所谓的”重叠”是完完全全的无效，因为实际 Lotus（绿车）已刹车不及或超速，而后的结果也如你所见。可悲的是，许多车手认为他们这样做证明了他们是“延迟刹车天才”，而事实上他们根本没有“超水平发挥”相对于其他车手。那只是胡乱幻想，与车手的能力或状态无关。如果他们真的可以比他人延迟刹车，那么他们早在进“入弯点”前就应该建立了“重叠”，而不是之后才建立。

You can see here why overlap established after the turn-in point isn't really valid and therefore isn't honoured in car racing rules. Its actually false overlap that's created by the turning movements of the cars. Its not due to one being faster than the other or one out-braking the other. In positions  1,  2, and  3, below, you can see that the Lotus has no overlap at all if you consider the straight ahead direction - shown by the blue lines. But if you take a perpendicular from the attitude of the cars, shown by the red lines, there is some overlap at position    2 and substantial overlap at position  3. This overlap is entirely false of course as the Lotus here hasn't actually out-braked or out-sped the Eagle by any amount what-so-ever - as I hope you can see form this diagram. Unfortunately many drivers think that if they do this they are some kind of out-braking genius, when in fact they are not out-preforming the other driver at all. Its a geometric illusion that has nothing to do with a driver's ability or performance. If they could really out-brake the other, they would have made some overlap before the turn-in point, not after it.

图片位置说明：

位置1，进“入弯点”前无任何“重叠”——因此 Lotus （绿车）无权要求前车让出空间并影响到前车（Eagle）的正常行驶路线。
1  Before the turn-in point there's no overlap - therefore the Lotus has no right to room or to interfere with the Eagle's normal racing line in any way.

位置2，但是常常 Lotus （绿车）会认为他们有能力“挤进”前方的空白区域，可能这样做显示了他们的“赛车天分”。
2  But, as often happens, the Lotus sees this empty zone along the inside and thinks they can zoom up into it, probably believing this to be the move of a talented racing genius.

位置3，在进“入弯点”后是有可能建立“重叠”，然而你不能这样做。
3 Its possible to get apparent overlap after the turn-in point. The point is you shouldn't.

位置4，事实上 Lotus （绿车）可能达到他们的目的，逼 Eagle （蓝车）到外道（如果蓝车想避免与之碰撞）。
4  The Lotus may actually achieve their objective, forcing the Eagle out wide, who may actually not press the issue for the sake of not crashing - if they can.

位置5，但是，如果 Eagle （蓝车）不相让，而是死守线路，这一幕就无法避免了（经常发生）。
5  But, if the Eagle doesn't back away, and holds their line, as they're entitled to do, this is what happens as often as not.  

图上明确显示了 Eagle （蓝车）有权使用正常的行车线路。对于整个内弯，Lotus （绿车）没有任何行驶权，而是跟在 Eagle （蓝车）后面。当然，延迟刹车的车手通常都是去割草了，希望这不会发生在您的身上。

The issue is that the Eagle has the right to be fully committed to the racing line. In this case, the entire inside area ought to have been a no-go zone for the Lotus, who should have tucked in behind and followed the Eagle around. Of course, late braking barge drivers often end up in the hay bails, hopefully without taking you with them.

在看完以上陈述后，你可能还会疑惑后车从你的内线后视镜里消失的情况。好吧...如果后车在进“入弯点”前没有建立“重叠”，那么他们不应该从你的内线后视镜里消失，而是应该跟在你的屁股后面。如果他们想要从你的内线后视镜里消失，他们就应该在进“入弯点”前这么做。如果他们在进“入弯点”后从你的内线后视镜里消失，那么你的决定就是关键了：你可以有权保持行车线并冒险可能的碰撞，或者慷慨（不情愿）地贡献你的行车线来避免碰撞。

You may wonder how this reconciles with the above regarding leaving room for cars that disappear up your inside from your mirrors. Well ... If a behind car doesn't have overlap before the turn-in point then they shouldn't disappear up your inside line but stay tucked in behind you. If they want to disappear up your inside line then they should do so before you reach the turn-in point. If they disappear up your inside line after the turn-in point, then its really up to you how you play it. You may decide to enforce your rights and risk a contact, or your may be willing ( reluctantly ) to leave room because you don't want to crash.

有个例外，就是前车在过弯时犯了明显的失误。例如：他们刹车太晚冲过弯道顶点并减速。这时后车有权超越，无论有无预先存在“重叠”。但是，任何希望超车的车手都要有充分的认知，小心行事。

An exception to this is where an ahead driver has clearly made a sufficient error to warrant a passing move. Eg - they brake too late and wash out wide of the apex and have to reduce speed etc. This would be a valid passing opportunity regardless of whether there was pre-existing overlap. However, there is still substantial reasonability on the overtaking driver to take all necessary care.

前车的一点小失误并不足以让后车有权安全通过。因为前车的一点甩动并不会自动给你空间。你需要自己去判断适合的时机来进行安全的超越。

Small errors by the ahead driver may not be sufficient to allow a safe passing move however. Just because the ahead drivers gets a bit out of shape at times it doesn't give you an automatic right to room. You still have to judge if their error provides sufficient opportunity for a safe pass to take place.

无论如何，只要有效地“重叠”建立了，那么就可以在弯道内与他车并行...

As long as there is genuine overlap, in general , while going through a corner beside another car  ...

行驶在外道的车辆有权使用整个外部弯道直至出弯，而不被其他车从外部干扰“直至出弯”。

The car on the outside has the right to the outer half of the track all the way around - right up to the exit point.  They should not be squeezed against the outside towards the exit point.

行驶在内道的车辆有权使用整个内部弯道直至出弯，而不被其他车从内部干扰“直至弯道顶点”。

The car on the inside has the right to the inside half of the track all the way around - right up to the exit point.  They should not be squeezed against the inside towards the apex area.

有一点要补充说明，那就是“弯道优先权”不是准确的科学，会有一些变数。这里谈到的只是基本公认的概念。即使在现实生活中，拥有完全的可视环境和感知回馈，无穷的FPS帧率和分辨率，现实车手也不能完全做到这些，他们也会指责是另一人的“过失”。

Having said all this, one would have to add that corner rights is not an exact science. There are some variables. Presented here is just the basic concept of the accepted etiquette. Even in real life, with full vision, full sensory feedback, infinite fps and resolution, its not uncommon for real drivers to come to grief with this - usually saying it was the other guy's fault. With GPLs' huge blind spots its even more hit and miss, often literally. ( You can however simulate real life to the letter by saying it was the other guy's fault ).

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英文原文：http://wiki.grandprixlegends.info/index.php?title=GPL_Recommended_Driver_Behaviour
译者：3Rs (SV3000)
译注：此文为十多年前由SV3000（3Rs马甲）翻译，文章对于一些纠缠不清的超车问题有详细说明，也在之后很多年对国内模拟赛事中的规则制定、车手对于规则理解有很大帮助。特别是现在赛事越来越多，比赛中常常出现一些有争议的超车、事故问题，或是暴露出一些赛事中的规则漏洞。重发本文，也是希望能让更多人了解关于弯道优先权方面的一些公认的准则。

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