10: Acids and Bases

One way to define a class of compounds is by describing the various characteristics its members have in common. In the case of the compounds known as acids, the common characteristics include a sour taste, the ability to change the color of the vegetable dye litmus to red, and the ability to dissolve certain metals and simultaneously produce hydrogen gas. For the compounds called bases, the common characteristics are a slippery texture, a bitter taste, and the ability to change the color of litmus to blue. Acids and bases also react with each other to form compounds generally known as salts.

Neutralization 中和 acid + base → water + salt

Chemical Equilibrium in Weak Acids and Bases 弱酸和弱碱的化学平衡

Acid Ionization Constant,  Ka 酸电离常数，Ka

Strong and Weak Bases and Base Ionization Constant, Kb 强碱、弱碱和碱电离常数，Kb

The Ion-Product of Water 水的离子产物