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外刊逐句精读|《经济学人》:谁能拿捏苹果和谷歌的应用商店?|CATTI一级译员外

2022-04-11 22:39 作者:imsebastianevans  | 我要投稿

红色:主句主干部分  蓝色:从句主干部分  黄色:从句连词、关系代词  灰色:插入语、例句  绿色:长难句分析 ():修饰成分,包括定语、状语等 下划线:词汇词组  高亮:连词


思考题


有哪些主题表达和实用表达?



00:31


标题和导语

Store wars


Legislation and litigation threaten apple and Google’s profits

立法和诉讼威胁苹果和谷歌的利润

Regulators are coming for the app stores

监管机构就要找上应用商店了


  • litigation n. 打官司,诉讼 =proceedings

litigate v. 提起诉讼,打官司

  • regulator n. 监管人员、机构
  • come for sb./sth. 上门找某人/某物
  • app store 应用商店



02:54


第一段


What does it take to rein in two of the biggest companies on the planet?

控制地球上最大的两家公司需要什么?


  • it takes sth. to do sth. 做某事需要某事
  • rein in sth. 加强对某物的控制

rein n. 缰绳


A coalition of Swedish music-streamers, South Korean politicians and Dutch dating apps, apparently.

似乎是瑞典音乐流媒体、韩国政客和荷兰的约会软件组成的联盟。


  • coalition n. 联合政府,联盟

a coalition of sth. XX的联合体

  • music-streamer n. 音乐流媒体公司
  • dating app 约会软件

dating n. 约会

  • apparently ad. 看起来,似乎 = seemingly

apparent a. 貌似的,表面上的


They seem to be succeeding where America’s federal government has failed: to force changes to the way apple and Google run their app stores.

他们似乎在美国联邦政府失败的地方取得了成功:强制改变苹果和谷歌运行它们应用商店的方式。


where引导的状语从句做句子的状语,使用了succeed和fail的固定搭配succeed in sth. 和fail in sth.,where=in which。冒号后的部分做解释说明,apple and Google run their app stores是省略了in which的定语从句,修饰the way。(一般情况下in which引导定语从句时不能省略,但先行词是the way时可以省略)


  • federal government 联邦政府
  • force v. 使....发生,使....改变

force sb. to do sth.

force+n. 迫使某件事情发生

the unfortunate events that forced his resignation

迫使他辞职的不幸事件

to force a turnover (体育赛事)造成失误

  • change to sth. 某事的改变

important changes to the tax system 税收制度的重大变革


段落大意:


引子:

三大群体联手可能改变苹果和谷歌应用商店的规则。



09:49


第二段


The app stores are big businesses, with combined sales last year of $133bn, three times the total five years earlier.

苹果和谷歌的应用商店是大买卖,去年的总销售额为 1330 亿美元,是五年前总销售额的三倍。


  • big business n. 大生意,大买卖

(business一般是不可数名词,文章此处可能是作者的偏好)

Britain's railways are big business.

英国的铁路业务规模巨大。

  • combined a. 总计的,合计的


apple and Google take a cut (of up to 30%), which is thought (to contribute a fifth of the operating profits (at apple and Alphabet), Google’s parent company.

苹果和谷歌的抽成高达30%,据信这贡献了苹果和谷歌母公司 Alphabet 营业利润的五分之一。


which引导的定语从句,修饰30%。


  • cut n. (钱的)份额 = commission n. 佣金
  • up to sth. 最高可达(某数字)
  • operating profit n. 主营业务利润
  • parent company 母公司

subsidiary n. 子公司


The 30% levy began (in apple’s iTunes music store) and was copied (to its iPhone app store), (launched in 2008).

这30% 的“税费”始于苹果的iTunes音乐商店,并被复制到 2008 年上线的iPhone应用商店。


  • levy n. 税款,税额
  • iTunes music store 苹果音乐商店


As people came to use their phones (for gaming, streaming and much else), it evolved into a tax (on digital activity).

随着人们开始将手机用于游戏、流媒体和其他许多方面,它演变成对数字活动的征税。


  • gaming n. 玩电脑游戏

fishing n. 钓鱼

  • streaming 用流媒体服务
  • digital activity 线上活动


Sign up to a service (like Disney+) (on your phone) and apple or Google get a cut (of your subscription) (for ever).

在你的手机上注册 Disney+ 之类的服务,apple 或 Google 将永远从你的订阅中分一杯羹。


  • sign up 注册

sign up to a service 注册某项服务

sign in 登录=log in

  • subscription n. 订阅,订购
  • for ever = forever


apps have had to use the tech duo’s payment systems, and could not tell users about other ways to sign up.

应用程序不得不使用这对技术搭档的支付系统,并且不能告诉用户其他注册方式。


  • duo n. 一对搭档
  • monopoly n. 垄断

duopoly n. 两强垄断


Gripes (from app developers) have forced only minor concessions: (last year) apple said it would let them link to external payment pages and Google reduced its fees (for subscriptions).

来自应用程序开发者的抱怨只迫使他们做出了很小的让步:去年苹果公司表示将允许他们链接到外部支付页面,谷歌则降低了订阅费用。


  • gripe n. 牢骚,抱怨 = complaint
  • developer n. 开发商

property developer 地产开发商

  • concession n. 让步

adverb of concession 让步状语

concede vt. 让步


Now, though, the dam is bursting.

然而,现在,大坝就要决堤了。


  • burst v. (大坝)溃决,决堤


段落大意:


应用商店业务梳理:

1、是苹果和谷歌的核心创收业务;

2、大量抽成导致软件开发商怨声载道,形势正在发生变化。



20:43


第三段


(Last summer) South Korea banned app stores from forcing developers to use a particular payment system.

去年夏天,韩国禁止应用商店强迫开发者使用特定的支付系统。


(In December) Dutch regulators made a similar ruling (against apple), (after a complaint (by developers (of dating apps).

去年 12 月,在约会软件的开发商提出控诉后,荷兰监管机构对苹果做出了类似的裁决。


  • ruling n. 裁决

a ruling against/in favor of sb. 不利于/有利于某人的裁决


(On March 23rd) the trend went global. Google announced a deal with Spotify, a vocal critic of app-store fees, to let the music-streamer handle its own billing.

3 月 23 日,这一趋势在全球蔓延。 谷歌宣布与 Spotify 达成协议,后者是应用商店收费的直言不讳的批评者,协议内容是让音乐流媒体自己处理自己的账单。


  • vocal a. 直言不讳的

voice n. 声音

advocate n. 拥护者

  • critic n. 批评者

criticism n. 批评

  • app-store fees
  • billing n. 开具账单


Google will lower its commission rate, probably in line with the four-percentage-point cut (agreed in South Korea). It says more deals are on the way.

谷歌将降低其佣金费率,这可能与韩国商定的 4 个百分点的削减一致。 谷歌表示更多的协议即将到来。


  • commission rate 佣金费率
  • be in line with 与某物一致
  • sth. be on the way 某事即将发生

Changes are on the way. 即将发生变化

sth. be under way 某事已在进行中


段落大意:


1、各国限制应用商店的动向;

2、科技巨头的应对措施。



26:38


第四段


Google’s magnanimity anticipates laws that may require bigger concessions.

谷歌的“宽宏大量”先于可能需要更大让步的法律。


  • magnanimity n. 宽宏大量

magnanimous a. 宽宏大量的

magni- 大

magnificent 宏伟的,壮观的

magnitude n. 巨大,重要性

anticipate vt. 先于....做、行动

When Scott reached the South Pole he found that Amundsen had anticipated him.

斯科特到达南极点时发现阿蒙森已先到过那里。


A bill (before America’s Congress) would force app stores to allow payment alternatives and let apps advertise other ways to sign up.

美国国会面前的一项法案将迫使应用商店允许其他支付方式,并允许应用宣传其他注册方式。


  • before prep. 当面
  • alternative n. 另一种选择


A bigger threat comes from the EU’s Digital Markets Act (DMA), (approved in draft form) (on March 24th).

更大的威胁来自于 3 月 24 日以草案形式审批通过的欧盟数字市场法案 (DMA)。


  • Digital Markets Act 数字市场法案
  • draft n. 草案

The legislation is still in draft form.

这条法规还只是项草案。


The colossal bill covers various aspects of digital markets, including app stores.

这个庞大的法案涵盖了数字市场的各个方面,包括应用商店。


  • colossal a. 巨大的、庞大的
  • bill n. 议案,法案

区分bill和act这两个法律词汇:两者都是立法过程中的不同阶段,区别在于bill一般是提交立法机构(比如西方国家的议会)予以讨论的提案;而act一般是立法机构已经通过的法律。显然,bill是act的前一个阶段。


The DMA, which is on track to come into force (next year), would force mobile platforms to allow third-party app stores andsideloading” of apps (directly from the web)—something Google permits but apple does not.

DMA预计将于明年生效,它将强制移动平台允许第三方应用商店和直接从网上“侧载”应用程序——这是谷歌接受但苹果不允许的。


which引导的定语从句修饰DMA,Google permits but apple does not是省略了连词的定语从句,修饰something。


  • be on track 可能会做到某事

be on track to do sth.

  • come/enter into force (法律、规则)开始生效
  • third-party a. 第三方的
  • sideloading n. 侧载,旁加载

upload/download 上传/下载


Offenders face fines (of up to 20%) (of worldwide revenue) and bans (on acquisitions).

违法者将面临最高达全球收入 20%的罚款和收购禁令。


  • offender n. 违法者,犯罪者
  • acquisition n. 收购

merge&acquisition (M&A)并购



Breaking open walled gardens, the DMA’s proponents say, will strengthen competition.

DMA 的支持者说,打破围墙花园将加强竞争。


  • breaking open 撬开,砸开

The police broke open the door.

警察砸开了门。

  • walled a. 带围墙的

walled garden 围墙花园

  • proponent n. 倡导者 = advocate

opponent n. 反对者


段落大意:


话锋一转,介绍立法方面的变化:

1、美国国会可能强迫应用商店开放支付渠道;

2、欧盟出台反垄断的DMA。



39:50


第五段


apple’s boss, Tim Cook, has warned that sideloading would “destroy the security of the iPhone”.

苹果公司的老板蒂姆库克警告说,侧载将“破坏 iPhone 的安全性”。


That is a bit much: apple allows sideloading (on its desktop computers) (without calamity).

这就有些言过其实了:苹果允许在其台式电脑上进行侧载而不会发生灾难。


  • be a bit much (行为)有点过分
  • desktop computer n. 台式电脑

laptop n. 笔记本电脑

  • calamity n. 灾难,灾祸

calamitous a. 灾难性的


But apple’s much bigger share (of the mobile market) could make the iPhone a juicier target (for malware).

但苹果在移动手机市场的(比起电脑市场)大得多的份额可能使 iPhone成为恶意软件的诱人目标。


  • juicier a. 有吸引力的,诱人的
  • malware 恶意软件 = malicious software

mal- 坏的

malcontent n. 不满的人

malnutrition n. 营养不良

-ware 用品

hardware 硬件

vapourware 雾件


And the company trades heavily (on privacy and security).

该公司一直以来在隐私和安全方面做了大量文章。


  • trade on sth. (贬)利用某物


Despite what the authors of the DMA seem to believe, writes Benedict Evans, a tech analyst, you cannot “pass laws against trade-offs”.

技术分析师本尼迪克特埃文斯写道,尽管 DMA 的发起人似乎这样相信,但你不能“违背权衡原则通过法律”。


  • author n. (计划、主张)发起人
  • trade-offs n. 权衡,协调

There is a trade-off between the benefits of the drug and the risk of side effects.

在这种药的疗效和副作用之间有个权衡利弊的问题。


段落大意:


作结:

欧盟需要权衡DMA在促进竞争和保护隐私两方面的影响。



46:48


文章结构




48:13


思考题



表达整理:


科技:

app store, dating app, gaming, streaming, music-streamer, digital activity, sign up, sign in, log in, app developer, sideloading, privacy and security, malware


商业:

big business, operating profit, levy, app-store fees, cut, commission (rate), subscription, payment system, acquisition


法律:

legislation, litigation, ruling (in favour of/against), Digital Markets Act (DMA), act, bill, in draft form


实用表达:

come for sb./sth., rein in, a coalition of, on track to do sth, come/enter into force


外刊逐句精读|《经济学人》:谁能拿捏苹果和谷歌的应用商店?|CATTI一级译员外的评论 (共 条)

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