经济金融常用词汇汇总，收藏！
现在开始，复试也得正儿八经的提上日程开始准备啦~今天，炳哥给大家整理了常见考研经济金融常用词汇，大家可以看一看、背一背。
financial turmoil/meltdown 金融危机
federal Reserve 美联储
real estate 房地产
share 股票
valuation 股价
equity market 股市
shareholder 股东
macroeconomic 宏观经济
saving account 储蓄帐户
go under 破产
take a nosedive （股市）大跌
tumble 下跌
big macs,big/large-cap stock,mega-issue 大盘股
offering list 上市
bourse 证交所
corporate champion 龙头企业
Shanghai Exchange 上海证交所
pension fund 养老基金
mutual fund 共同基金
hedge mutual fund 对冲式共同基金
underwriter 保险商
government bond 政府债券
budget 预算
deficit 赤字
delist 摘牌
mongey-loser 亏损企业
inventory 存货
traded company, trading enterprise 上市公司
stakeholder 利益相关者
transparency 透明度
market fundamentalist 市场经济基本规则
damage-contral machinery 安全顾问
efficient market 有效市场
intellectual property 知识产权
opportunistic practice 投机行为
entrepreneur 企业家
cook the book 做假帐
regulatory system 监管体系
portfolio 投资组合
money-market 短期资本市场
capital-market 长期资本市场
volatility 波动
diversification 多元化
option 期权
call option 看涨期权
put option 看跌期权
merger 并购
arbitrage 套利
Securities and Exchange Commission 〈美〉证券交易委员会
dollar standard 美元本位制
bad debt 坏帐
fiscal stimulus 财政刺激
a store of value 保值
transaction currency 结算货币
forward exchange 期货交易
intervention currency 干预货币
Treasury bond 财政部公债
current-account 经常项目
pickup in rice 物价上涨
Federal Reserve 美联储
inflation 通货膨胀
deflation 通货紧缩
tighter credit 紧缩信贷
monetary policy 货币政策
foreign exchange 外汇
spot transaction 即期交易
forward transaction 远期交易
option forward transaction 择期交易
swap transaction 调期交易
quote 报价
settlement and delivery 交割
buying rate 买入价
selling rate 卖出价
spread 差幅
contract 合同
at par 平价
premium 升水
discount 贴水
direct quotation method 直接报价法
indirect quotation method 间接报价法
dividend 股息
domestic currency 本币
floating rate 浮动利率
parent company 母公司
credit swap 互惠贷款
venture capital 风险资本
book value 帐面价值
physical capital 实际资本
IPO(initial public offering) 新股首发；首次公开发行
job machine 就业市场
welfare capitalism 福利资本主义
collective market cap 市场资本总值
global corporation 跨国公司
transnational status 跨国优势
transfer price 转让价格
consolidation 兼并
leverage 杠杆
file for bankruptcy 申请破产
bailout 救助
take over 收购
buy out 购买(某人的)产权或全部货物
falter 摇摇欲坠
on the hook 被套住
shore up confidence 提振市场信心
stave off 挡开, 避开,
liquidate assets 资产清算
at fire sale prices 超低价
sell-off 证券的跌价
不景气 slump （衰退 recession）
二板市场 the second board market
China Growth Enterprise Market 中国创业板
market capitalization 市场资本总额
institutional shares法人股
private company shares内部股（非上市招股）
bull market 牛市
legal risk 法律风险
risk management 风险管理
maintain strong underwriting standards 坚持严格的贷款标准
risks in 6 key areas (U.S. Federal Reserve criterion) 六大风险
credit risk信用风险
supply-side economist供给学派
agriculture (primary industry) 第一产业（农业）
manufacturing industry
(secondary industry) 第二产业（工业）
service industry (tertiary industry) 第三产业（服务业）
major economic indicators主要经济指标
GDP gross domestic product 国内生产总值 （商品和劳务币值总和，不包括海外收入支出）
GNP gross national product 国民生产总值 （商品和劳务币值总和，包括海外收入支出）
GDP per capital 人均国内生产总值
macro economy 宏观经济
mutual fund 互助基金
expand domestic demand 扩大内需
inspire the general public's confidence in the future needs 改善居民心理期
encourage more immediate consumption 鼓励增加即期消费
long-term treasury bonds 长期国债
to service treasury bonds 支付国债利息
deficits and the national debt 财政赤字和债务
calculate on the base line 按原口径计算
calculate at constant price 按不变价格计算
calculate at comparable price 按可比价格计算
listed in the fiscal budget 列入财政预算支出
the system of exchange, settlement and sales 结售汇制度
favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account 经常项目顺差
engage in Renminbi (RMB) business 开办人民币业务
the system of refunding taxes on exported goods 出口退税制度
Deposit account system for processing trade 保证金台帐制度
pay by installment 分期付款
inflation-proof bank savings 保值储蓄
collateralised loans 抵押贷款
residential mortgage loan 住房抵押贷款
Monetarist 货币主义者
planned economy 计划经济
mandatory plan 指令性计划
technology intensive 技术密集型
mass production 大规模生产
cash tree 经济林
follow-up auditing 跟踪审计
liquidity risk 流动性风险
operational risk 操作风险
internal audit内部审计
bear sales 抛售
supporting policies 配套政策
The People’s Bank of China（central bank） 中国人民银行（中央银行）
4 major state-owned commercial banks四大国有商业银行
Bank of china 中国银行
ndustrial and Commercial Bank of China 中国工商银行
Construction Bank of China 中国建设银行
Agricultural Bank of China 中国农业银行
China Merchants Bank 招商银行
soft stock 疲软股票
allotment of shares 配股
growth rate in real terms 实际增长率
average growth rate per annual 年均增长率
rate of return on investment 投资回报率
total foreign trade value 外贸进出口总额
incoming overseas capital (investment) in place 实际利用外资
consumer price index (CPI) 消费价格指数
retail price index （RPI） 零售价格指数
total price index of living cost 生活费用价格总指数
income available for living expenses 生活费用
in real terms / on inflation-adjusted basis 扣除物价因素
residents’ bank savings deposit 居民储蓄存款
Engel coefficient 恩格尔系数（食品开支占总支出的比例）
Gini coefficient 基尼系数（衡量地区差别）
purchasing power parity (PPP) 购买力平价法 （衡量使用不同货币的两个国家或地区的经济水平、收入水平的一种计算法，用相等的汇率比较两种货币各自的国内购买力）
excessive pursuit of growth 片面追求发展速度
bubble economy 泡沫经济
overheating of economy 经济过热
Inflation 通货膨胀
the real economy 实体经济
laws of economics 经济规律
market regulation 市场调节
optimize allocation of resources 优化资源配置
advantage of economies of scale 规模经营优势
labor intensive 劳动密集型
market risk 市场风险
tighten up monetary policy 收紧银根
moderately tight fiscal policy 适度从紧的财政政策
credit crunch 信用紧缩
In state commercial banks, internal capital allocation should be improve加强国有商业银行内部资金调度
Limits of authority for examining and approving loans should be rationally defined. 合理划分贷款审批权限
ensure floating capital loans for well-performing and trustworthy enterprises which turn out the right products for the right markets
保证有市场、有效益、守信用企业的流动资金贷款
attract investment from the private sector 启动民间投资
the right products / readily marketable products 适销对路的产品
state-owned enterprises (SOEs) 国有企业
collectively-owned
(partnership) enterprises 集体企业
private businesses 私营企业
privately-run businesses 民营企业
small-and-medium-sized enterprises 中小企业
overseas-invested enterprises; foreign-invested enterprises (Chinese-overseas equity joint ventures, Chinese-overseas contractual joint ventures, wholly foreign- owned enterprises)
三资企业（中外合资、中外合作、外商独资）
guaranty money for deposits 存款保证金
withdrawal of currency from circulation货币回笼
absorb idle fund 吸收游资
commercial lending经常性贷款
operating expenses 经常性支出
re-lending; subloan 再贷款
support large state-owned enterprises and high and innovative technology companies in their efforts to seek financing by listing on the stock market 支持国有大型企业和高新技术企业上市融资
An enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market. 改制上市
further standardize and develop the securities market 进一步规范和发展证券市场
increase the proportion of direct financing 增加直接融资比重
improve the system for IPO and listing on stock markets 完善股票发行上市制度
China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) 中国证监会
Shenzhen Stock Exchange 深圳证券交易所市
Shanghai Stock Exchange 上海证券交易所
composite index 综合指数
NASDAQ （National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation 纳斯达克（高技术企业板）
the main board 主板市场
Deflation 通货紧缩
the three-step development strategy of China’s modernization drive
中国现代化建设分三步走的战略
Step One: GDP of 1990 doubles that of 1980
第一步，到1990年国民生产总值比1980年翻一番
Step Two: GDP of 2000 quadruples that of 1980; people live a fairly comfortable life.
第二步，到2000年人均国民生产总值比1980年翻两番，人民生活达到小康水平
Step Three: By the year 2049, the 100th anniversary of the P.R.C., China’s level of development is expected to be on par with the mid-ranking developed countries
第三步，到21世纪中期建国100周年时，达到中等发达国家水平
be more closely linked to the world economy
与世界经济的联系将更加紧密
The huge market potential that China enjoys will be turned into tangible purchasing power.
中国巨大的市场潜力将逐步转化为现实的购买力
The regulatory and legal system is not well established as to adapt to the demand of market economy.
适应市场经济需要的法律法规体系还不够健全
The economic management system may not be readily adapted to the changes. 经济管理体制可能会出现一些不适应
Some sectors of economy and some businesses may be adversely affected. 一些行业和企业可能会受到冲击
proceed from national conditions in China and bring our advantages into play. 立足中国国情，发挥自身优势
foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses and rise to the challenge of economic globalization 扬长避短，趋利避害，迎接经济全球化的挑战
bottleneck constraints 瓶颈制约
decentralization and interest concessions (in late 1980s and early 1990s)
放权让利
intensify reform; deepen one’s commitment to reform深化改革
supporting (concomitant) reforms 配套改革
counterpart funds; local funding of 配套资金
improve economic performance; increase economic returns提高经济效益
value contribution to society; pay attention to social effect 讲求社会效益
develop information-based economy accelerate IT application in economy 加速国民经济信息化
fuel economic growth 拉动经济增长
substitution of tax payment for profit delivery 利改税
transform administrative fees into taxes 费改税
in an easy position (tight position) 头寸宽裕（头寸紧缺）
sunrise industry 朝阳产业
the system of public bidding for project 招标投标制
give full play to the role of monetary policy 充分发挥货币政策的作用
follow a pro-active fiscal policy 实施积极的财政政策
bonds to banks to increase investment. 向银行增发国债，扩大投资
Recapitalization 再注资
to ease monetary policy 放松银根
IT economy 信息经济
export-oriented economy外向型经济
information age 信息时代
Globalization 全球化 （全球性globality）
reputational risk 信誉风险
risk rating 风险评级
default on a loan 到期不还贷
Asian financial crisis (1997-98) 资不抵债亚洲金融危机
investment (loan) portfolio 投资（贷款）组合
sufficient foreign exchange reserves 外汇储备充足
problems with financial sector in China 中国金融业问题
the excessively large proportion of savings in the money supply储蓄比例过高
high leverage ratio of the state-owned enterprises国有企业产负债率过高
high ratio of non-performing loans of the state commercial banks 国有独资商业银行不良资产比例过高
insolvency of a handful of small and medium-sized financial institution
少数中小存款金融机构不能支付到期债务
non-performing loans 不良贷款
address financial risks 防范和化解金融风险
creditworthiness and ability to fulfil their civil liabilities 提高企业借贷和行使民事责任的能力
supervisory board 监事会
adopt prudential accounting standards 实行谨慎会计制度
the five-category asset classification approach 五级分类法划分贷款质量
financial asset management companies 金融资产管理公司
substantially reduce the ratio of non-performing assets 分离和收回不良资产
business segregation, economy of scale 分业管理、规模经营
improve the market exit mechanism for financial institutions 规范金融机构市场退出制度
state policy-related bank 政策性银行
State Development Bank 国家发展银行
knowledge-based economy 知识经济
Internet-based networked economy 网络经济
socialist market economy 社会主义市场经济（中国）
social market economy 社会市场经济（德国）
new economy 新经济（美国）
Everbright Bank of China 中国光大银行
China Minsheng Banking Corporation Ltd. 中国民生银行
CITIC Industrial Bank中信实业银行
China EXIM Bank 中国进出口银行
Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (HKSBC) 汇丰银行
financial supervision 金融监管
Law of the People’s Bank of China 中国人民银行法
Law of Commercial Banks 商业银行法
Law of Insurance 保险法
Law of Securities 证券法
Basel Core Principles 巴塞尔原则
problems of supervised entities’ behavior and the unsound internal governance mechanism 监管对象的行为有问题、管理机制不健全
consciousness of risk prevention 风险意识
proactive regulation and supervision 事前监管
account number 帐目编号
depositor 存户
pay-in slip 存款单
a deposit form 存款单
a banding machine 自动存取机
to deposit 存款
deposit receipt 存款收据
private deposits 私人存款
certificate of deposit 存单
deposit book, passbook 存折
credit card 信用卡
principal 本金
overdraft, overdraw 透支
to counter sign 双签
to endorse 背书
endorser 背书人
to cash 兑现
to honor a check 兑付
to dishonor a check 拒付
to suspend payment 止付
check 支票
check book 支票本
order check 记名支票
bearer check 不记名支票
crossed check 横线支票
blank check 空白支票
rubber check 空头支票
check stub, counterfoil 票根
cash check 现金支票
traveler's check 旅行支票
check for transfer 转帐支票
outstanding check 未付支票
canceled check 已付支票
forged check 伪支票
Bandar's note 庄票，银票
banker 银行家
president 行长
savings bank 储蓄银行
Chase Bank 大通银行
National City Bank of New York 花旗银行
Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China 麦加利银行
Banque de I'Indo Chine 东方汇理银行
central bank, national bank, banker's bank 中央银行
bank of issue, bank of circulation 发行币银行
commercial bank 商业银行
credit bank 储蓄信贷银行
discount bank 贴现银行
exchange bank 汇兑银行
requesting bank 委托开证银行
issuing bank, opening bank 开证银行
advising bank, notifying bank 通知银行
negotiation bank 议付银行
confirming bank 保兑银行
paying bank 付款银行
associate banker of collection 代收银行
consigned banker of collection 委托银行
clearing bank 清算银行
local bank 本地银行
domestic bank 国内银行
overseas bank 国外银行
unincorporated bank 钱庄
branch bank 银行分行
trustee savings bank 信托储蓄银行
trust company 信托公司
financial trust 金融信托公司
unit trust 信托投资公司
trust institution 银行的信托部
credit department 银行的信用部
commercial credit company(discount company) 商业信贷公司（贴现公司）
neighborhood savings bank, bank of deposit 街道储蓄所
credit union 合作银行
credit bureau 商业兴信所
self-service bank 无人银行
land bank 土地银行
mutual savings bank 互助储蓄银行
post office savings bank 邮局储蓄银行
mortgage bank, building society 抵押银行
industrial bank 实业银行
home loan bank 家宅贷款银行
reserve bank 准备银行
chartered bank 特许银行
corresponding bank 往来银行
merchant bank, accepting bank 承兑银行
investment bank 投资银行
import and export bank (EXIMBANK) 进出口银行
joint venture bank 合资银行
money shop, native bank 钱庄
credit cooperatives 信用社
clearing house 票据交换所
public accounting 公共会计
business accounting 商业会计
cost accounting 成本会计
depreciation accounting 折旧会计
computerized accounting 电脑化会计
general ledger 总帐
subsidiary ledger 分户帐
cash book 现金出纳帐
cash account 现金帐
journal, day-book 日记帐，流水帐
investment 投资
surplus 结余
economic cycle 经济周期
economic boom 经济繁荣
economic recession 经济衰退
economic depression 经济萧条
economic recovery 经济复苏
devaluation 货币贬值
revaluation 货币增值
international balance of payment 国际收支
favorable balance 顺差
adverse balance 逆差
hard currency 硬通货
soft currency 软通货
international monetary system 国际货币制度
the purchasing power of money 货币购买力
money in circulation 货币流通量
note issue 纸币发行量
national budget 国家预算
national gross product 国民生产总值
public bond 公债
debenture 债券
treasury bill 国库券
debt chain 债务链
direct exchange 直接（对角）套汇
indirect exchange 间接（三角）套汇
cross rate, arbitrage rate 套汇汇率
foreign currency (exchange) reserve 外汇储备
foreign exchange fluctuation 外汇波动
foreign exchange crisis 外汇危机
discount 贴现
discount rate, bank rate 贴现率
gold reserve 黄金储备
money (financial) market 金融市场
stock exchange 股票交易所
broker 经纪人
commission 佣金
bookkeeping 簿记
bookkeeper 簿记员
an application form 申请单
bank statement 对帐单
letter of credit 信用证
strong room, vault 保险库
equitable tax system 等价税则
specimen signature 签字式样
banking hours, business hours 营业时间
share, equity, stock 股票、股权
negotiable share 可流通股份
treasury /government bond 国库券/政府债券
closed-end securities investment fund 封闭式证券投资基金
open-end securities investment fund 开放式证券投资基金
market capitalization 市值
mark-to-market 逐日盯市
clearing and settlement 清算/结算
put / call option 看跌/看涨期权
rights issue/offering 配股
ADR(American Depository Receipt)美国存托凭证/存股证
GDR(Global Depository Receipt) 全球存托凭证/存股证
institutional investor 机构投资者
proprietary trading 自营
market manipulation 市场操纵
IPO(Initial Public Offering)新股初始公开发行
premium 溢价
share capital 股本
composite index 综合指数
capital market 资本市场
liquidity 流通性
highly-leveraged institutions(HLI) 高杠杆交易机构
subscribe 申购
underwriter承销商
road show 路演
primary market 一级市场
information disclosure 信息披露
blue chips 蓝筹股
gilt-edged bond 金边债券
rating agency 评级机构
credit trading 信用交易
open/close a position 建/平仓
bond, debenture, debts 债券
convertible bond 可转换债券
corporate bond 企业债券
fund manager 基金经理/管理公司
fund custodian bank 基金托管银行
p/e (price/earning) ratio 市盈率
payment versus delivery 银券交付
commodity/financial derivatives 商品/金融衍生产品
margins, collateral 保证金
bonus share 红股
dividend 红利/股息
retail / private investor 个人投资者/散户
broker/dealer 券商
insider trading/dealing 内幕交易
prospectus招股说明书
merger and acquisition收购兼并
warrant 认股权证
raised capital/proceeds 筹资
component index 成份指数
turnover rate 换手率
monetary market 货币市场
hedge fund 对冲基金
self-regulatory organization(SRO)自律组织
issuer 发行人
intermediary 中介机构
secondary listing 第二上市
secondary market 二级市场
controlling shareholder 控股股东
red chips红筹股
junk bond 立即债券
securities loan 融券
financing 融资
本篇文章的电子版直接放在群里了，同学们进群下载，群里还有一些复试的资料，炳哥也会不定期的答疑。
