【文献速递】【NBE】【2022年】【7-12月】
声明：本专栏主要对生命科学领域的一些期刊文章标题进行翻译，所有内容均由本人手工整理翻译。由于本人专业为生物分析相关，其他领域如果出现翻译错误请谅解。
This issue highlights an inhalable virus-like-particle vaccine against COVID-19, a method for the rapid cloning of antigen-specific T cell receptors, a protease-sensitive mask for interleukin-12 to lower its toxicity, CAR T cells expressing a bacterial virulence factor, libraries of immune cells displaying a diverse repertoire of chimeric antigen receptors, a barcoded library of CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptors, the encapsulation of antibiotics in glucosylated polymeric nanoparticles for oral delivery, enucleated human mesenchymal stromal cells for drug delivery, tumour vaccines produced in the gut by ingested engineered bacteria, and an engineered biotherapeutic for the prevention of antibiotic-induced dysbiosis.
本期重点介绍了针对COVID-19的可吸入病毒样颗粒疫苗、一种快速克隆抗原特异性T细胞受体的方法、白细胞介素12的蛋白酶敏感面膜，可降低其毒性、表达细菌毒力因子的CAR T细胞、展示多种嵌合抗原受体库的免疫细胞文库、CD19特异性嵌合抗原受体的条形码库、用于口服给药的糖基化聚合物纳米颗粒中抗生素的封装、用于药物递送的去核人间充质基质细胞、由摄入的工程细菌在肠道中产生的肿瘤疫苗，一种用于预防抗生素引起的生态失调的工程生物治疗药物。
1.Rapid cloning of antigen-specific T-cell receptors by leveraging the cis activation of T cells.
通过利用T细胞的顺式激活来快速克隆抗原特异性T细胞受体。
2.Masking the immunotoxicity of interleukin-12 by fusing it with a domain of its receptor via a tumour-protease-cleavable linker.
通过肿瘤蛋白酶可切割接头将白介素12与其受体结构融合来掩盖白介素12的免疫毒性。
3.CAR T cells expressing a bacterial virulence factor trigger potent bystander antitumour responses in solid cancers.
表达细菌毒力因子的CAR T细胞会引发有效的旁观者抗肿瘤反应。
4.Synthetic libraries of immune cells displaying a diverse repertoire of chimaeric antigen receptors as a potent cancer immunotherapy.
免疫细胞的合成库表现出多种嵌合抗原受体库，作为一种有效的癌症免疫疗法。
5.Screening for CD19-specific chimaeric antigen receptors with enhanced signalling via a barcoded library of intracellular domains.
通过细胞内结构域的条形码图库来筛选CD19特异性嵌合抗原受体，并具有增强的信号传导。
6.Glucosylated nanoparticles for the oral delivery of antibiotics to the proximal small intestine protect mice from gut dysbiosis.
用于将抗生素口服递送至近端小肠的糖基化纳米颗粒可保护小鼠免受肠道菌群失调。
7.Genetically engineered and enucleated human mesenchymal stromal cells for the targeted delivery of therapeutics to diseased tissue.
基因工程和灌注的人间质基质细胞，用于靶向疗法向患病组织的靶向递送。
8.Antigen-bearing outer membrane vesicles as tumour vaccines produced in situ by ingested genetically engineered bacteria.
携带抗原的外膜囊泡作为肿瘤疫苗由摄入的基因工程细菌原位产生。
9.An engineered live biotherapeutic for the prevention of antibiotic-induced dysbiosis.
一种设计的实时生物治疗，可预防抗生素诱导的营养不良。
基于Cas13的唾液中SARS-CoV-2自动检测
This issue highlights point-of-care assays and sequencing technology for the detection of infectious agents and for the study of host responses to infectious diseases.
本期重点介绍了用于检测传染原和研究宿主对传染病反应的即时检测和测序技术。
1.Simplified Cas13-based assays for the fast identification of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.
简化了基于CAS13的测定，用于快速识别SARS-COV-2及其变体。
2.Rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in saliva via Cas13.
通过CAS13快速检测唾液中SARS-COV-2 RNA。
DISCoVER微流体系统，用于快速和自动化的分子诊断。收集患者样本（例如唾液）并在直接裂解缓冲液中进行热灭活，然后加载到一次性重力驱动微流体盒中。根据制度规定，灭活步骤范围为5至20分钟。然后将试剂盒插入配套仪器，该仪器在封闭系统中自动运行DISCoVER测定，以最大限度地减少反应污染。在步骤1中，初始rLAMP反应采用两种机制来扩增目标核酸。RFU，相对荧光单位。Cas13 酶使用引导RNA进行编程，以在非特异性扩增产物上特异性识别所需的RNA分子。随后在步骤2中激活Cas13核糖核酸酶活性，导致在CRISPR检测的5分钟内切割报告分子以获得饱和信号。包括设备的启动时间在内，最终系统中的读出时间为 48min。在墨盒的左半部分，靶向SARS-CoV-2的引导RNA能够快速和选择性地检测阿摩尔浓度的病毒。墨盒的镜像部分用于内部过程控制，通过确保存在足够的患者样本来实现阴性测试结果。通过利用模板切换和CRISPR可编程性，床旁DISCoVER系统有助于加强对各种病原体的监测。
3.A paper-based assay for the colorimetric detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants at single-nucleotide resolution.
一种以单核苷酸分辨率比色检测 SARS-CoV-2 变体的纸基分析。
使用 MARVE 诊断 SARS-CoV-2 变体。双链DNA探针TEprobe旨在通过调整其末端正向立足点和反向立足点序列来精确控制由输入RNA诱导的链置换反应的净热力学能量。突变和野生病毒RNA可以根据单碱基对错配产生的热力学能量损失，通过链置换反应来区分。病毒RNA的识别导致脲酶抑制剂金属离子Ag(I)的释放，从而控制尿素的裂解和NH4+的水平。使用pH指示剂识别和可视化SARS-CoV-2变体的关键突变标记，例如 Alpha、Beta、Gamma和Delta。诊断结果由智能手机确定并呈现给用户。
4.A lab-on-a-chip for the concurrent electrochemical detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in saliva and plasma.
用于唾液和血浆中SARS-CoV-2 RNA和抗SARS-CoV-2抗体的同时电化学检测的实验室芯片。
5.Diagnosis of paediatric tuberculosis by optically detecting two virulence factors on extracellular vesicles in blood samples.
通过光学检测血液样本细胞外囊泡的两个毒力因子来诊断小儿结核病。
6.Unbiased discovery of autoantibodies associated with severe COVID-19 via genome-scale self-assembled DNA-barcoded protein libraries.
通过基因组规模的自组装DNA条形码蛋白文库公正地发现与严重COVID-19相关的自身抗体。
7.Droplet-microfluidics-assisted sequencing of HIV proviruses and their integration sites in cells from people on antiretroviral therapy.
液滴微流体辅助测序HIV前病毒及其在接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的人的细胞中的整合位点。
This issue highlights optical, optoacoustic, ultrasound and magnetic-resonance imaging technologies applied to the monitoring of oxygen haemodynamics in the placenta, to the longitudinal assessment of amyloid-β deposits in mice, to measuring autophagic flux in the hearts of live mice, to uncovering nanostructures in iteratively expanded ex vivo brain tissue, and to detect inflammation-associated mRNA in live mice.
本期重点介绍应用于胎盘氧血流动力学监测、用于小鼠淀粉样蛋白-β沉积物的纵向评估、用于测量活小鼠心脏中的自噬通量、用于在体外反复扩张的脑组织中发现纳米结构和用于检测活体小鼠炎症相关 mRNA的光学、光声、超声和磁共振成像技术。
1.Non-invasive monitoring of blood oxygenation in human placentas via concurrent diffuse optical spectroscopy and ultrasound imaging.
通过并发弥漫性光谱和超声成像对人胎盘中的血液氧合的无创监测。
2.Multiscale optical and optoacoustic imaging of amyloid-β deposits in mice.
小鼠淀粉样蛋白β沉积物的多尺度光学和光声成像。
3.A nanoparticle probe for the imaging of autophagic flux in live mice via magnetic resonance and near-infrared fluorescence.
通过磁共振和近红外荧光对活小鼠中自噬通量成像的纳米颗粒探针。
4.Revealing nanostructures in brain tissue via protein decrowding by iterative expansion microscopy.
利用迭代扩展显微镜，通过蛋白质去拥挤揭示脑组织中的纳米结构。
5.Spatially resolved in vivo imaging of inflammation-associated mRNA via enzymatic fluorescence amplification in a molecular beacon.
通过酶促荧光扩增在分子信标中与炎症相关的mRNA的体内成像。
通过酶促荧光扩增对炎症相关mRNA进行成像。APE1易位介导的信号放大机制示意图，可在体内对炎症细胞中的RNA进行空间选择性成像。
This issue highlights an inexpensive catheter-like device for sensing gastrointestinal motility, collagen-binding peptides that home to osteoarthritic tissue, and implantable biomaterials for a number of biomedical applications — in particular, strain-programmed patches for diabetic-wound healing, a soft robotic sleeve for the modelling of aortic stenosis, injectable depots for brachytherapy, adhesive drug depots for tendon healing, and antibiotic-loaded bone-cement matrices for the treatment of bone infections.
本期重点介绍了一种廉价的类似导管的装置，用于检测胃肠动力、骨关节炎组织的胶原蛋白结合肽、用于多种生物医学应用的可植入生物材料——特别是用于糖尿病伤口愈合的应变程序贴片、用于主动脉瓣狭窄建模的软机器人套筒、用于近距离治疗的可注射长效制剂、用于肌腱愈合的粘性药库和用于治疗骨感染的载有抗生素的骨水泥基质。
1.Low-cost gastrointestinal manometry via silicone–liquid-metal pressure transducers resembling a quipu.
通过类似于奇普的硅胶-液态金属压力传感器进行低成本胃肠测压。
2.Collagen-binding peptides for the enhanced imaging, lubrication and regeneration of osteoarthritic articular cartilage.
胶原结合肽，用于增强骨关节炎软骨的成像，润滑和再生。
3.A strain-programmed patch for the healing of diabetic wounds.
用于治愈糖尿病伤口的应变程序贴片。
4.A soft robotic sleeve mimicking the haemodynamics and biomechanics of left ventricular pressure overload and aortic stenosis.
一个软机器人套筒，模仿左心室压力超负荷和主动脉狭窄的血液动力学和生物力学。
5.Brachytherapy via a depot of biopolymer-bound 131I synergizes with nanoparticle paclitaxel in therapy-resistant pancreatic tumours.
通过生物聚合物结合的131I库的近距离放射治疗与纳米颗粒紫杉醇在治疗耐药的胰腺肿瘤中协同作用。
6.Enhanced tendon healing by a tough hydrogel with an adhesive side and high drug-loading capacity.
通过具有粘性面和高载药能力的坚韧水凝胶增强肌腱愈合。
7.A potent antibiotic-loaded bone-cement implant against staphylococcal bone infections.
一种有效的载有抗生素的骨水泥植入物，可抵抗葡萄球菌性骨感染。
监测汗液中的代谢物和营养物质
This issue highlights a low-cost device to screen for hearing loss, microneedle arrays for the wireless monitoring of multiple biomarkers in interstitial fluid, a wearable biosensor for the detection of metabolites and nutrients in sweat, a human intestine-on-a-chip for the recapitulation of essential features of environmental enteric dysfunction, a humanized minipig model for the toxicological testing of therapeutic antibodies, engineered adeno-associated viruses with enhanced transduction of cells of the central nervous system or with size-optimized genomes encoding compact adenine base editors, the generation of potent allogeneic chimaeric antigen receptor T cells devoid of alloreactive potential, and the mapping and activation of pancreatic nerves for the study of how they regulate glucose metabolism.
本期重点介绍了用于筛查听力损失的低成本设备、用于无线监测间质液中多种生物标志物的微针阵列、用于检测汗液中代谢物和营养物质的可穿戴生物传感器、用于环境肠道功能障碍基本特征的概括，用于治疗性抗体毒理学测试的人源化小型猪模型，具有增强中枢神经系统细胞转导或具有编码紧凑腺嘌呤碱基编辑器的大小优化基因组的工程化腺相关病毒， 产生没有同种异体反应潜能的有效同种异体嵌合抗原受体T细胞，以及胰腺神经的定位和激活，以研究它们如何调节葡萄糖代谢。
1.An off-the-shelf otoacoustic-emission probe for hearing screening via a smartphone.
一种现成的耳声发射探头，用于通过智能手机进行听力筛查。。
2.An integrated wearable microneedle array for the continuous monitoring of multiple biomarkers in interstitial fluid.
一个集成可穿戴的微对阵列，用于连续监测间质液中多个生物标志物。
3.A wearable electrochemical biosensor for the monitoring of metabolites and nutrients.
可穿戴的电化学生物传感器，用于监测代谢物和营养素。
4.Nutritional deficiency in an intestine-on-a-chip recapitulates injury hallmarks associated with environmental enteric dysfunction.
肠道芯片中的营养缺乏概括了与环境肠道功能障碍相关的损伤特征。
5.A humanized minipig model for the toxicological testing of therapeutic recombinant antibodies.
用于治疗重组抗体的毒理学测试的人性化小型猪模型。
6.Variants of the adeno-associated virus serotype 9 with enhanced penetration of the blood–brain barrier in rodents and primates.
腺相关病毒血清型9的变体在啮齿动物和灵长类动物中具有增强的血脑屏障穿透能力。
7.Efficient in vivo base editing via single adeno-associated viruses with size-optimized genomes encoding compact adenine base editors.
通过与大小优化基因组编码紧凑型腺嘌呤碱基编辑器的单个腺相关病毒进行有效的体内基础编辑。
8.Generation of T-cell-receptor-negative CD8αβ-positive CAR T cells from T-cell-derived induced pluripotent stem cells.
T细胞衍生诱导的多能干细胞的T细胞阴性CD8αβ阳性CAR T细胞的产生。
9.Mapping and targeted viral activation of pancreatic nerves in mice reveal their roles in the regulation of glucose metabolism.
小鼠胰腺神经的映射和靶向病毒激活揭示了它们在调节葡萄糖代谢中的作用。
This issue highlights the development of machine-learning models for the detection of signs of disease in external photographs of the eyes, for the optimization of the trade-off between prediction performance and feature cost in healthcare applications, for the expert-level detection of pathologies from unannotated chest X-ray images, for transforming the style of tissue images, for the fast search and retrieval of whole-slide images, for the derivation of prognostic contextual histopathological features from whole-slide images of tumours, and for the characterization of tumour microenvironments from spatial protein profiles.
本期重点介绍了用于检测眼睛外部照片中疾病迹象的机器学习模型的开发用于优化医疗应用中预测性能和特征成本之间的权衡、从未注释的胸部X光图像中进行专家级病理检测、改变组织图像的风格、快速搜索和检索整张幻灯片图像、从肿瘤的全幻灯片图像推导预后相关组织病理学特征和从空间蛋白质图谱表征肿瘤微环境。
1.Detection of signs of disease in external photographs of the eyes via deep learning.
通过深度学习，在眼睛外部照片中发现疾病迹象。
2.A cost-aware framework for the development of AI models for healthcare applications.
用于开发用于医疗保健应用的AI模型的成本感知框架。
3.Expert-level detection of pathologies from unannotated chest X-ray images via self-supervised learning.
专家级别通过自我监督学习从未注释的胸部X射线图像中发现病理。
4.A deep-learning model for transforming the style of tissue images from cryosectioned to formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded.
一种深入学习模型，用于将组织图像的风格从冷冻切片变成福尔马林固定和石蜡包裹的模型。
5.Fast and scalable search of whole-slide images via self-supervised deep learning.
通过自监督深度学习快速且可扩展地搜索整张幻灯片图像。
6.Graph deep learning for the characterization of tumour microenvironments from spatial protein profiles in tissue specimens.
从组织标本中的空间蛋白质图谱表征肿瘤微环境的图形深度学习。
