wiki笔记--Diagonal band of Broca(“严肃"之所在)--2021/8/14
Diagonal band of Broca
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Diagonal band of Broca
Base of brain. (Diagonal band of Broca not labeled, but anterior perforated substance labeled at center.)
Human brainstem, anterior view. (Diagonal band of Broca not labeled, but anterior perforated substance is #5.)
Details
Identifiers
Latin
stria diagonalis
MeSH
D020667
NeuroNames
285
NeuroLex ID
birnlex_1551
TA
A14.1.09.422
FMA
61973
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy
[edit on Wikidata]
The diagonal band of Broca is one of the basal forebrain structures that are derived from the ventral telencephalon during development. This structure forms the medial margin of the anterior perforated substance.[1] This brain region was described by the French neuroanatomist Paul Broca.[2]
Contents
· 1Structure
· 1.1Nuclei
· 2Function
· 3Pathology
· 4References
Structure[edit]
It consists of fibers that are said to arise in the parolfactory area, the gyrus subcallosus and the anterior perforated substance, and course backward in the longitudinal striae to the dentate gyrus and the hippocampal region.
This is a cholinergic bundle of nerve fibers posterior to the anterior perforated substance. It interconnects the subcallosal gyrus in the septal area with the hippocampus and lateral olfactory area.
Nuclei[edit]
Two structures are often described in this brain regions, namely the nuclei of the vertical and horizontal limbs of the diagonal band of Broca (nvlDBB and nhlDBB, respectively). nvlDBB projects to the hippocampal formation through the fornix and it is the second largest assembly of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain whereas nhlDBB projects to the olfactory bulb and it does not have a significant population of cholinergic neurons.[2]
（海马结构同时受到nvlDBB和medial septal area的cholinergic neurons投射，这与pontine cholinergic system中的两个核团一样，由两套核团投射同一皮层区，这意味着其中一个核团不工作了那么就由另一个核团上。事实上，nvlDBB投射至海马皮层产生theta wave，而median raphe nucleus的活动恰巧投射到nvlDBB，能使theta wave消失；同样的，例如central nucleus of amygdala只投射抑制轴突到laterodorsal tegmental nucleus。）
Function[edit]
Along with the septum pellucidum and medial septal nucleus, the diagonal band of Broca is believed to be involved in the generation of theta waves in the hippocampus.[3] the diagonal band of Broca also inhibits magnocellular neurosecretory cells via GABA interneurons.[4]
(in my opinion, in the state of cortisol pressure, the diagonal band of Broca is activated, so that less oxytocin is produced by magnocellular neurosecretory cells. also the hippocampal formation is activated by the diagonal band of Broca, in return the cortisol secreting system is inhibited by hippocampus; such process need take some time during which the brain is thinking by hippocampus.事实上，paraventricular nucleus有magnocellular cells和parvocellular cells，magnocellular cells分泌oxytocin和vasopressin，parvocellular cells分泌各种促激素控制垂体的分泌，上面提到的cortisol的促激素就是由parvocellular cells分泌，而海马皮层的subiculum投射到parvocellular cells来抑制cortisol的分泌。这样来看，严肃状态的产生机制就清楚了：
Diagonal band of Broca取代了medial septal area来影响海马皮层，同时又抑制了magnocellular cells，从而抑制oxytocin激素的产生，而oxytocin在脑内的作用总体是降低NE放大系统和交感系统的活动，这样就是说严肃状态下NE浓度高而DA system基本不活跃，而有意识地保持面部平静是为了不通过premotor area来激活facial nerve nucleus从而激活amygdala的basolateral nucleus从而激活accumbens nucleus从而激活DA system。
严肃状态是一个自然平和的状态，是NE放大系统轻微活动而DA system轻微抑制的状态，在此状态下可以轻松地跃变到典型的DA system状态--即活泼，也可以轻松地跃变到严重的NE放大状态中的不漏声色的怒气状态，或者个严肃的状态就是儒家所倡导的中庸状态吧--不过分活也不过分严。其实，在我看来，严肃状态的意义是：你自己能否从其他极端状态调节回严肃状态的能力，面对未知，调节到严肃状态是一种最好的观察状态，然后通过收集到的信息和自身感受再决定是自己的状态跃变到活泼或警戒状态。哦，对了，median raphe nucleus可以抑制Diagonal band of Broca，而median raphe nucleus是在smooth muscle延展的情况下被促进释放serotonin，比如食物导致消化道扩张，血管的扩张，还比如想象中的食物也能通过联想来促进median raphe nucleus的serotonin释放，要注意，median raphe nucleus投射papez limbic system的皮层区域，包括海马和扣带回。)
Most of the fibers that distribute to the medial septum terminate selectively within the medial septum-vertical limb of the diagonal band nucleus (MS/DBv) and lateral aspects of lateral septum. Its behavior can be altered by nerve growth factor.[5]
Pathology[edit]
A significant nvlDBB neuronal loss is seen in Lewy body dementia.[2]
(话说回来，当你不需要管理面部表情时，而且还让DAsystem活跃，此时，通过facial nerve nucleus可以强烈地兴奋basolateral nucleus of amygdala，同时又通过脑岛投射到intercalated cluster cells 来强烈地抑制central nucleus of amygdala，这样就保证了NE放大系统不得工作，脑岛的这种活动方式又意味着自主系统活动使得smooth muscle扩张，从而激活median raphe nucleus而使Diagonal band of Broca不活动，此时medial septal area投射acetylcholine到海马区域，此时人的状态应该是油嘴滑舌、情商高的状态吧，但是也是典型势利的逻辑状态，这是本能结果，一旦处于这个状态，不是其本人能够以意志转移的，而那些高尚的、虚无缥缈的人也属于这样的状态。 脑岛何以能维持这种活动方式呢，诀窍在于anterior cingulate cortex 投射到anterior insular cortex，anterior cingulate cortex控制血管的smooth muscle，anterior insular cortex控制消化道的smooth muscle。)
