How to recognize privilege – and uplift

How to recognize privilege – and uplift those without it

如何承认特权，并提升那些没有特权的人

Anyone who knows me knows that I love to talk. I'm a chatterbox, just ask anyone. I like to think that I'm pretty good at building rapport with my clients. And having spent just under a decade working as a lawyer, I tell you, this is one skill that really came in handy.

认识我的人都知道我喜欢说话。我是个聊天者，问任何人。我喜欢认为我很擅长与我的客户建立融洽的关系。我告诉你，我做了不到十年的律师，这是一种真正派上用场的技能。

Now, I remember this one interstate client in particular. We got on like a house on fire. We spent months corresponding over email and chatting over the phone. And then the day finally came when we would meet face to face. So I walk into the meeting room, and there she is. I say hello, and she kind of gives me this odd look. And she says, "Oh, you must work for Mariam."

现在，我特别记得这个州际客户端。我们过得好像房子着火了。我们花了几个月的时间通过电子邮件进行通信，并通过电话聊天。然后我们终于见面了。所以我走进会议室，她就在那里。我打招呼，她给了我一个奇怪的眼神。她说：“哦，你必须为玛丽亚姆工作。”

(Audience murmurs)

（观众抱怨）

And I'm thinking, "What does she mean?" And then it dawns on me. She must think I'm the legal secretary or the assistant perhaps. Not that there's anything wrong with having those jobs. But it seems that in her mind, the voice that she's heard on the phone all these months doesn't seem to correspond to the person standing in front of her. Rather unconvincingly at that point, I say, "No, I am Mariam." And then I start to doubt myself. And all those months of rapport building just goes down the drain at that point as I start again from scratch to win her over. I do, of course, eventually win her over, but it was a lot of time and effort wasted and ultimately, yet another hit to my confidence.

我在想，“她是什么意思？”然后我就明白了。她一定认为我是法律秘书或助理。这并不是说有这些工作有什么错。但在她看来，她这几个月在电话里听到的声音似乎与站在她面前的那个人并不相符。在这一点上，我说，“不，我是玛丽亚姆。”然后我开始怀疑自己。所有那些几个月的融洽关系都在了，因为我从头开始赢得她的支持。当然，我最终赢得了她的支持，但这是浪费了大量的时间和精力，最终，又是我的信心。

And the thing is, I have other experiences like that one. And I know plenty of other folks who do too. So today I want to reflect on how stereotyping, unconscious bias and societal privilege operates in such a way that creates an unequal playing field for diverse minority groups.

问题是，我还有其他类似的经历。我知道其他很多人也这样做。所以今天我想反思一下刻板印象，无意识的偏见和社会特权是如何运作的，为不同的少数群体创造了一个不平等的竞争环境。

Now, let us start with privilege. Privilege is basically unearned advantage. Hey, what the hell, we really didn't do much to earn it. It's basically access to or enjoying rights because you belong to a particular identity. You're part of a club. And here's the thing. I am owning up to mine. I am privileged. Hey, and if you could afford the ticket price, you probably are too.

现在，让我们从特权开始。特权基本上是不劳得的优势。嘿，管他呢，我们真的没能赚到多少钱。它基本上是获得或享受权利，因为你属于一个特定的身份。你是一个俱乐部的一员。事情是这样的。我已经承认了我的观点。我很荣幸。嘿，如果你能买得起票价，你可能也可以。

(Laughter)

（笑）

02:39

And here's the thing. Privilege is relative, and it’s ultimately subjective. And those who have the most amounts of it, they’re probably not entirely conscious of it. Because for the most part, and as they say, privilege is largely invisible to those who have it.

事情是这样的。特权是相对的，而且最终是主观的。而那些拥有最多的人，他们可能并没有完全意识到。因为在很大程度上，正如他们所说，那些拥有特权的人在很大程度上是看不见的。

02:59

Now, I work as a diversity and inclusion consultant, so I do spend a hell of a lot of my day thinking about these concepts. Think about this. Whose faces do you see reflected back at you on your television screens? Who holds the top positions in the top ranks of society? Now, except for the few examples here or there, notice the general lack of cultural diversity? Now, of course, the photos that you're seeing up there are some of our top CEOs, chancellors of universities, federal cabinet and TV personalities in particular. Now, what we're actually exposed to every day feeds the assumptions that we make about people. We all tend to possess a strong tendency towards people who physically resemble ourselves. It's called affinity bias.

现在，我是一名多元化和包容性的顾问，所以我确实花了很多时间来思考这些概念。想想看。你在电视屏幕上看到了谁的脸？谁在社会的高层阶层中占有最高的地位？现在，除了这里或那里的少数例子，注意到普遍缺乏文化多样性吗？当然，你看到的照片是我们的一些顶级首席执行官，大学校长，联邦内阁，尤其是电视名人。现在，我们每天真正接触到的东西助长了我们对人们的假设。我们都倾向于有一种强烈的倾向，喜欢那些身体上与我们自己相似的人。这叫做亲和偏差。

03:55

Now experiments have shown us that the brain actually categorizes by race in less than 100 milliseconds. Now, according to Nobel Peace Prize recipient neuroscientist Eric Kandel, he argues that up to 90 percent of the brain's behavior is actually unconscious. So these little shortcuts that the brain makes, these little implicit associations, these biases, for the most part, they are done unconsciously. And here's the thing. Inherent societal privilege means that some of us are given a head start in what I like to call the race of life. And it's because of that head start, not just because we worked extra, extra hard, that they'll always be miles ahead, even if all the participants are running at the same speed and with the same ability. So that's code for the same amount to merits, or in this case, running the same distance.

现在的实验表明，大脑实际上在不到100毫秒的时间内按种族分类。现在，根据诺贝尔和平奖得主神经学家埃里克·坎德尔的说法，他认为高达90%的大脑行为实际上是无意识的。所以大脑中创造的这些小捷径，这些隐含的小联系，这些偏见，在很大程度上，它们都是无意识的。事情是这样的。内在的社会特权意味着我们中的一些人在我喜欢称之为生命种族的过程中获得了领先地位。因为领先，不仅仅是因为我们格外努力，他们总是领先几英里，即使所有的参与者都以相同的速度和相同的能力跑步。这是同样有价值的代码，或者在这种情况下，跑同样的距离。

04:58

Now, it's well documented that women of minority groups face even greater hurdles, as you can see. They face both social and institutional barriers to full equality, not just because they're chicks, but because of things such as race, religion, sexuality or disability. They basically have a double whammy. And that concept is referred to as intersectionality. Now, as an Australian woman who's originally from Afghanistan and a Muslim, I get the triple whammy. I get sexism, I get racism, and I get Islamophobia. You know, some people boast about having a fan base. Well, ladies and gentlemen, I have a troll base.

现在，有充分的证据表明，少数群体的女性面临着更大的障碍。她们在完全平等方面面临着社会和制度上的障碍，不仅因为她们是小鸡，还因为种族、宗教、性行为或残疾等问题。他们基本上有双重打击。而这个概念也被称为交叉性。现在，作为一名来自阿富汗和穆斯林的澳大利亚女性，我受到了三重打击。我有性别歧视，我有种族主义，我还有伊斯兰恐惧症。你知道吗，有些人吹嘘自己有一个粉丝基础。女士们，先生们，我有一个巨魔基地。

05:46

(Laughter) Such a clever bunch, they've totally mastered the art of intersectional insults. That's not easy to do.

（笑声）这么聪明的人，他们完全掌握了交叉侮辱的艺术。这并不容易做到。

05:55

Now, if only I had a dollar for every time someone said, "But all appointment should be on merit." Well, of course they should be. But here's the thing. Are we assuming that the existing status quo is somehow based entirely on merit? I'm not convinced that it is. But hey, don't take my word for it. Plenty of other people think that, too.

现在，只要每次有人说，“但所有的任命都应该有价值，我就有一美元就好了。”他们当然应该是。但事情是这样的。我们是否假设现有的现状是完全基于价值的？我不相信它是这样的。但是，嘿，不要相信我的话。还有很多人也这么想。

06:21

Now, I recall a conversation I was having with two senior managers. It was about corporate Australia’s shift to start focusing on cultural diversity within its leadership ranks, now that we're doing better around gender diversity. One of them was a woman of Asian-Australian heritage and she was a former colleague of mine. The other, a colleague of hers, a man of Anglo-Celtic origin. Now it's in the context of this discussion in which he turns to her, the Asian-Australian woman, and says, "There you go. Another leg up for people like you."

现在，我想起了我和两位高级经理的一次谈话。这是关于澳大利亚企业界开始关注文化多样性的转变，现在我们在性别多样性方面做得更好了。其中一个是亚裔澳大利亚裔女性，她是我的前同事。另一个是她的同事，一个盎格鲁-凯尔特人。现在，在这个讨论的背景下，他转向她，一个亚裔澳大利亚女人，说，“好了。”这是像你这样的人的另一条腿。”

06:57

Now she's shocked because they're colleagues, so she says nothing. But I can't stay silent.

现在她很震惊，因为他们都是同事，所以她什么也没说。但我不能保持沉默。

(Laughter)

（笑）

07:02

I literally put hand out like this.

我就是这样分发东西的。

(Laughter)

（笑）

07:06

Got up from my pedestal and I said, "When you extend a hand to a group of people, who, for far too long, have been effectively walking in the gutter while others comfortably stroll the streets, that ain't no leg up. That certainly is not a handout, that's simply leveling the playing field."

我从基座上站起来，说：“当你向一群人伸出一只手，他们一直有效地在阴沟里行走，而其他人则舒适地在街上散步，那并没有腿。”这当然不是一个讲义，这只是一个公平的竞争环境。”

07:30

Now, studies have shown us that to simply obtain the same number of interviews as someone with an Anglo-Saxon sounding name, candidates from Indigenous, Middle Eastern and Asian-sounding names have to submit a ridiculous amount of more applications. So in this case, when compared to Lisa and Andrew, and these are the real names used in the study, Nadine and Hassan have to submit 64 percent more applications, while Ming and Hong have to submit 68 percent more applications. Guys, we're be talking about getting a callback to secure an interview. We're not even talking about the kind of biases that will kick in once you're actually at the interviewing table.

现在，研究表明，要想获得与一个听起来像盎格鲁-撒克逊人的人相同数量的面试，来自土著、中东和亚洲人的候选人必须提交更多的申请。所以在这种情况下，与丽莎和安德鲁相比，这些是研究中使用的真实姓名，纳丁和哈桑必须多提交64%的申请，而明和洪必须多提交68%的申请。伙计们，我们说的是预约面试。我们甚至没有谈论一旦你真正站在面试桌前就会产生的那种偏见。

08:14

Now, I can't tell you the number of crappy dad jokes I've had to make to make interviewers feel comfortable when they first meet me early on in my career. Thanks for laughing.

现在，我无法告诉你，在我职业生涯早期第一次见到我时，我不得不讲了多少糟糕的爸爸笑话。谢谢你的笑。

(Laughter)

（笑）

08:27

Now, despite the fact that up to 40 percent of Australians have at least one parent born overseas, no doubt that's probably true of this arena, that general diversity is not reflected in the top ranks of society. Now, of course, I'm not suggesting there's anything wrong with this, assuming it is truly based on a meritocracy. And for culturally diverse women like me, well, you know that glass ceiling? It's double glazed for people like me. And that's why I've got heels like this, to be able to crack through it. Only a tiny percentage of ASX directors are culturally diverse women. At a CEO level, it is even worse. So think about all those stats that I've been telling you about, all those biases that we know about. What message does this send to a generation of top HSC graduates who are culturally diverse?

现在，尽管多达40%的澳大利亚人至少有一个父母出生在海外，但毫无疑问，这个领域可能是如此，普遍的多样性并没有反映在社会高层中。当然，我并不是说这一点有什么问题，假设它是真正建立在精英统治的基础上的。对于像我这样文化多元化的女性，你知道那个玻璃天花板吗？对像我这样的人来说，它是双层玻璃的。这就是为什么我有这样的高跟鞋，能够突破它。只有一小部分ASX导演是文化多元化的女性。在首席执行官的层面上，情况更糟。所以想想我告诉过你的那些统计数据，我们所知道的那些偏见。这给这一代文化多元化的优秀HSC毕业生传达了什么信息？

09:27

I'm hoping that by this point, some of you are convinced on the moral case for why change is required to level that damn playing field. But then there'll be others who won't be convinced unless we show them the dollar figures. Hey, don't worry, I've got it covered. There is a thing called the diversity dividend, that gender diverse companies are 15 percent more likely to outperform their industry average, while culturally diverse companies, they're 35 percent more likely to outperform theirs. So diversity brings with it a competitive advantage. And here's the thing, anyone at this point who's thinking, "Oh, she means tokenistic, visible diversity." No. I'm not asking you to whack on photos of people that look like me onto your website and tick a box.

我希望到这一点上，你们中的一些人已经相信了为什么需要改变才能公平化那该死的竞争环境。但也会有其他人不会被说服，除非我们给他们展示美元的数字。嘿，别担心，我已经搞定了。有一种东西叫做多元化红利，性别多元化的公司表现超过行业平均水平的可能性高出15%，而文化多元化的公司表现超过他们自己的可能性高出35%。因此，多样性也因此带来了竞争优势。事情是这样的，现在任何一个人都在想，“哦，她指的是象征性的，可见的多样性。”不我不是让你在你的网站上在那些看起来像我的人的照片上打勾。

(Laughter)

（笑）

10:19

Although that might be nice.

虽然这可能很不错。

(Laughter)

（笑）

10:23

No, that's not what I'm talking about. Real diversity brings about diversity of perspective, diversity of views and diversity of thought. Ultimately, and of course, the inevitable flow-on effect is that Australian businesses will be able to better reflect and understand the needs of a multicultural Australia who is ultimately their customer base.

不，这不是我想说的话。真正的多样性带来了视角的多样性、观点的多样性和思想的多样性。最终，当然，不可避免的流动效应是，澳大利亚企业将能够更好地反映和理解一个多元文化的澳大利亚的需求，这最终是他们的客户基础。

10:44

So with everything I've said, I want us to pause at this point. And I'm going to ask each of you to please stand. Yes, please stand. If you can't stand, then I'll ask you to please raise one hand instead. And you get to stretch your legs. No, we're not doing a yoga lesson. OK. I'm going to ask you a series of questions. If the answer to the question is yes, I want you to remain standing or with your hand up. If the answer to the question is no, then I want you to take a seat and the rest of the questions will be directed at those people who are still standing. Please be as honest as you can.

所以对于我说的一切，我希望我们在此停下来。我要请你们每个人都站起来。是的，请站着。如果你站忍受，我请你举起一只手。你可以伸展你的腿。不，我们不是在上瑜伽课。好的我将问你一系列的问题。如果这个问题的答案是肯定的，我希望你继续站着或者举起手来。如果这个问题的答案是否定的，那么我希望你坐下来，其余的问题将针对那些还站着的人。请尽可能地诚实。

11:27

Question one. Did you have a job during high school? If yes, keep standing, if no, please take your seat. I quite like the power of ordering all 4,000 of you to do things.

问题之一。你高中时有工作吗？如果有，请站站立，如果没有，请坐下。我很喜欢命令你们4000人一起做事的力量。

(Laughter)

（笑）

11:47

This is cool.

这很酷。

11:47

Question two. Have you been discriminated against, vilified or abused because of something you cannot change about yourself? And let's watch the room as we start to see people sit.

问题二。你是否因为一些你无法改变自己的事情而受到歧视、诋毁或虐待？让我们看着这个房间，当我们开始看到人们坐着时。

12:06

Question three. At some point in your life, you have felt like you've been one of the few or the only persons of your gender, race, faith, sexual orientation or disability in a room, in an educational or professional setting?

问题三。在你生活的某个阶段，你觉得在一个房间里，在教育或专业的环境中，你是少数或唯一的性别、种族、信仰、性取向或残疾的人之一？

12:23

And final question. Have you attended a public school for the majority of your education? Whoa.

和最后的问题。你的大部分时间都是公立学校吗？哇。

(Laughter)

（笑）

12:40

Knew that would get a few of us. OK. Thank you for being brave enough to participate by the way.

我知道这将会吸引我们中的一些人。好的谢谢你足够勇敢地参与进来。

12:49

If I answered those questions, I would be standing at this point with those of you that are still standing in the arena. I want us to reflect on our own levels of privilege and what that means for each of us. I want you to reflect on who's standing and who's sitting without making anyone feeling uncomfortable. But let's think about that. Thank you for being brave and please take a seat now. (Applause)

如果我回答了这些问题，我将会站在这里，和那些仍然站在舞台上的人站在一起。我希望我们能反思一下我们自己的特权水平，以及这对我们每个人都意味着什么。我想让你反思一下谁站着，谁坐着，而不会让任何人感到不舒服。但让我们仔细想想吧。谢谢你的勇敢，请现在就坐下来。（掌声）

13:17

Thank you.

谢谢你。

13:21

I want to tell you this. There's never been a more important time for us to be conscious of our unconscious biases and societal privileges. You know, when you're driving and you know you've got a blind spot back here, you know it exists, but you can't see it. But you make a concerted effort to turn your head each and every time to look and to adjust. It's not enough to know that we've got these biases and that we have these levels of privilege. You've got to do something about it. We're living in an era where divisive politics has successfully otherized diverse minority groups and normalized xenophobia against them. We're constantly reading derogatory headlines about diverse minority groups. And what's worse is some of these remarks are made by our elected officials.

我想告诉你这个。没有比我们更重要的时刻来意识到我们无意识的偏见和社会特权。你知道，当你开车的时候，你知道你在这里有一个盲点，你知道它的存在，但你看不到它。但是你要共同努力，每次都要转过头来，去看和调整。仅仅知道我们有这些偏见，我们有这样的特权是不够的。你得为此做些什么。我们生活在这样一个时代，分裂的政治成功地使不同的少数群体分化，并使对他们的仇外心理正常化。我们经常读到关于不同少数民族群体的贬损性标题。更糟糕的是，其中一些言论是由我们的民选官员发表的。

14:10

Now, I believe that when you excuse bigotry in words, you lay the framework to give bigotry in action a free pass. We know that we have an urgent issue of disenfranchisement amongst the youth, particularly those of diverse backgrounds. We want them to reach for the stars. But the thing is, you can't aspire to be someone that you can't see. You can't address inequality equally. You can't. This is why I believe targets are required across industries where diversity of this kind is lacking. Now, why, you ask, why targets? Because the definition of insanity is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results.

现在，我相信，当你用语言原谅偏执时，你就建立了一个自由传递偏见的框架。我们知道，我们有一个被剥夺公民权的年轻人，特别是那些有不同背景的年轻人的紧迫问题。我们希望他们能伸手去拿星星。但问题是，你不能渴望成为一个你看不见的人。你不能平等地解决不平等问题。你不能。这就是为什么我认为在缺乏这种多样性的行业中都需要达到目标。现在，你会问，为什么，为什么是目标？因为精神错乱的定义是一次又一次地做着同样的事情，并期待着不同的结果。

(Applause)

（掌声）

15:02

Thank you.

谢谢你。

(Applause)

（掌声）

15:06

The existing status quo has not allowed us to reach a true meritocracy. So we need additional measures to give us a bit of a nudge. Because let’s face it: what gets measured ultimately gets done.

现有的现状并不能让我们达到一个真正的精英统治。所以我们需要额外的措施来推动我们。因为让我们面对现实吧：那些被衡量的东西最终会被完成。

15:21

Thank you very much, ladies and gentlemen.

非常感谢你们，女士们，先生们。

(Applause)

（掌声） 作者：洛云皈 https://www.bilibili.com/read/cv21326993 出处：bilibili